Artillery Through the Ages A Short Illustrated History of Cannon, Emphasizing Types Used in America   By: Albert C. Manucy

THROUGH THE AGES

A Short Illustrated History of Cannon, Emphasizing Types Used in America

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Fred A. Seaton, Secretary

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

Conrad L. Wirth, Director

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. Price 35 cents

( Cover ) FRENCH 12 POUNDER FIELD GUN (1700 1750)

ARTILLERY

THROUGH THE AGES

A Short Illustrated History of Cannon, Emphasizing Types Used in America

by

ALBERT MANUCY

Historian Southeastern National Monuments

Drawings by Author

Technical Review by Harold L. Peterson

National Park Service Interpretive Series History No. 3

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1949 (Reprint 1956)

Many of the types of cannon described in this booklet may be seen in areas of the National Park System throughout the country. Some parks with especially fine collections are:

CASTILLO DE SAN MARCOS NATIONAL MONUMENT, seventeenth and eighteenth century field and garrison guns.

CHICKAMAUGA AND CHATTANOOGA NATIONAL MILITARY PARK, Civil War field and siege guns.

COLONIAL NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK, seventeenth and eighteenth century field and siege guns, eighteenth century naval guns.

FORT MCHENRY NATIONAL MONUMENT AND HISTORIC SHRINE, early nineteenth century field guns and Civil War garrison guns.

FORT PULASKI NATIONAL MONUMENT, Civil War garrison guns.

GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK, Civil War field guns.

PETERSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK, Civil War field and siege guns.

SHILOH NATIONAL MILITARY PARK, Civil War field guns.

VICKSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK, Civil War field and siege guns.

The National Park System is dedicated to conserving the scenic, scientific, and historic heritage of the United States for the benefit and enjoyment of its people.

CONTENTS

THE ERA OF ARTILLERY The Ancient Engines of War Gunpowder Comes to Europe The Bombards Sixteenth Century Cannon The Seventeenth Century and Gustavus Adolphus The Eighteenth Century United States Guns of the Early 1800's Rifling The War Between the States The Change into Modern Artillery

GUNPOWDER Primers Modern Use of Black Powder

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CANNON The Early Smoothbore Cannon Smoothbores of the Later Period Garrison and Ship Guns Siege Cannon Field Cannon Howitzers Mortars Petards

PROJECTILES Solid Shot Explosive Shells Fuzes Scatter Projectiles Incendiaries and Chemical Projectiles Fixed Ammunition Rockets

TOOLS

THE PRACTICE OF GUNNERY

GLOSSARY

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

[Illustration: "PIERRIERS VULGARLY CALLED PATTEREROS," from Francis Grose, Military Antiquities, 1796.]

THE ERA OF ARTILLERY