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The Dawn of Reason or, Mental Traits in the Lower Animals By: James Weir (1856-1906) |
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THE DAWN OF REASON OR MENTAL TRAITS IN THE LOWER ANIMALS BY JAMES WEIR, JR., M.D. New York THE MACMILLAN COMPANY LONDON: MACMILLAN & CO., LTD. 1899 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT, 1899, BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. Norwood Press J. S. Cushing & Co. Berwick & Smith Norwood Mass. U.S.A. To My Father WHO, WHILE NOT A SCIENTIST, HAS YET TAKEN AN INTELLIGENT AND APPRECIATIVE INTEREST IN MY WORK THIS BOOK IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED PREFACE Most works on mind in the lower animals are large and ponderous volumes, replete with technicalities, and unfit for the general reader; therefore the author of this book has endeavored to present the evidences of mental action, in creatures lower than man, in a clear, simple, and brief form. He has avoided all technicalities, and has used the utmost brevity consistent with clearness and accuracy. He also believes that metaphysics has no place in a discussion of psychology, and has carefully refrained from using this once powerful weapon of psychologists. Many of the data used by the authors of more pretentious works are second hand or hearsay; the author of this treatise, however, has no confidence in the accuracy of such material, therefore he has not made use of any such data. His material has been thoroughly sifted, and the reader may depend upon the absolute truth of the evidence here presented. The author does not claim infallibility; some of his conclusions may be erroneous; he believes , however, that future investigation will prove the verity of every proposition that is advanced in this book. These propositions have been formulated only after a twenty years study of biology in all of its phases. Some of the data used in this volume have appeared in Appleton's Popular Science Monthly , Lippincott's Magazine , Worthington's Magazine , New York Medical Record , Recreation , Atlantic Monthly , American Naturalist , Scientific American , Home Magazine , Popular Science News , Denver Medical Times , and North American Review ; therefore the author tenders his thanks to the publishers of these magazines for their kindness in allowing him to use their property in getting out this work. "WAVELAND," OWENSBORO, KY., January 9, 1899. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS MIND PAGE Definition of mind The correlation of physiology, morphology, and psychology The presence of nerve elements in monera Conscious and unconscious mind Unconscious ("vegetative") mind in the jelly fish Anatomy, physiology, and psychology of the jelly fish The origin of conscious mind. 1 CHAPTER I THE SENSES IN THE LOWER ANIMALS The sense of touch The senses of taste and smell Actinophryans having taste The sense of sight Modification of sight organs by surroundings Sight in Actinophryans Blind fish sensitive to light Blind spiders Blind man Primitive eyes in Cymothoe In the jelly fish, sea urchin, Alciope , Myrianida The sight organs of the snail Power of vision in the snail Eyes of crayfish Compound eyes Vision in "whirligig beetle" In Periophthalmus In Onchidium In Calotis Organs of audition In Lepidoptera Hymenoptera Orthoptera Diptera Hemiptera Dyticus marginalis Corydalus Ears of grasshopper and cricket Of the "red legged locust" Of flies Of gnats Auditory vesicles of horse fly Ears of butterflies Cerambyx beetle Long horned beetle Cicindelidæ Carabidæ ... Continue reading book >>
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Psychology |
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