The Fortunate Mistress (Parts 1 and 2) or a History of the Life of Mademoiselle de Beleau Known by the Name of the Lady Roxana   By: Daniel Defoe (1661?-1731)

[Illustration: I was rich, beautiful, and agreeable, and not yet old

PAGE 244]

The Cripplegate Edition

THE WORKS OF DANIEL DEFOE

THE FORTUNATE MISTRESS OR A HISTORY OF THE LIFE OF MADEMOISELLE DE BELEAU KNOWN BY THE NAME OF THE LADY ROXANA

NEW YORK · · MCMVIII GEORGE D. SPROUL

Copyright, 1904, by THE UNIVERSITY PRESS

UNIVERSITY PRESS · JOHN WILSON AND SON, CAMBRIDGE, U.S.A.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

ROXANA Frontispiece

THE BREWER AND HIS MEN Page 12

THE JEWELLER IS ABOUT TO LEAVE FOR VERSAILLES 74

THE VISIT OF THE PRINCE 90

THE DUTCH MERCHANT CALLS ON ROXANA. 286

THE AMOUR DRAWS TO AN END 302

ROXANA'S DAUGHTER AND THE QUAKER 479

ROXANA IS CONFRONTED WITH HER DAUGHTER 534

INTRODUCTION

In March, 1724, was published the narrative in which Defoe came, perhaps even nearer than in Moll Flanders , to writing what we to day call a novel, namely: The Fortunate Mistress; or, a History of the Life and Vast Variety of Fortunes of Mademoiselle de' Belau; afterwards called the Countess of Wintelsheim, in Germany. Being the Person known by the name of the Lady Roxana, in the Time of King Charles II . No second edition appeared till after Defoe's death, which occurred in 1731. Then for some years, various editions of The Fortunate Mistress came out. Because Defoe had not indicated the end of his chief characters so clearly as he usually did in his stories, several of these later editions carried on the history of the heroine. Probably none of the continuations was by Defoe himself, though the one in the edition of 1745 has been attributed to him. For this reason, and because it has some literary merit, it is included in the present edition.

That this continuation was not by Defoe is attested in various ways. In the first place, it tells the history of Roxana down to her death in July, 1742, a date which Defoe would not have been likely to fix, for he died himself in April, 1731. Moreover, the statement that she was sixty four when she died, does not agree with the statement at the beginning of Defoe's narrative that she was ten years old in 1683. She must have been born in 1673, and consequently would have been sixty nine in 1742. This discrepancy, however, ceases to be important when we consider the general confusion of dates in the part of the book certainly by Defoe. The title page announces that his heroine was "known by the name of the Lady Roxana, in the Time of King Charles II." She must have been known by this name when she was a child of eleven or twelve, then, for she was ten when her parents fled to England "about 1683," and Charles II. died in February, 1685. Moreover, she was not married till she was fifteen; she lived eight years with her husband; and then she was mistress successively to the friendly jeweller, the Prince, and the Dutch merchant. Yet after this career, she returned to London in time to become a noted toast among Charles II.'s courtiers and to entertain at her house that monarch and the Duke of Monmouth.

A stronger argument for different authorship is the difference in style between the continuation of Roxana and the earlier narrative. In the continuation Defoe's best known mannerisms are lacking, as two instances will show. Critics have often called attention to the fact that fright , instead of frighten , was a favourite word of Defoe. Now frighten , and not fright , is the verb used in the continuation. Furthermore, I have pointed out in a previous introduction[1] that Defoe was fond of making his characters smile , to show either kindliness or shrewd penetration. They do not smile in the continuation.