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Francis Drake and the California Indians, 1579 By: Robert F. Heizer |
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FRANCIS DRAKE AND
THE CALIFORNIA
INDIANS, 1579 BY ROBERT F. HEIZER UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS
BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES
1947
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS
IN AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND ETHNOLOGY
EDITORS (LOS ANGELES):
RALPH L. BEALS, FRANKLIN FEARING, HARRY HOIJER Volume 42, No. 3, pp. 251 302,
plates 18 21, 1 figure in text, 2 illus.
Submitted by editors February 27, 1946
Issued March 20, 1947
Price, cloth, $2.00; paper, $1.25 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS
BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
LONDON, ENGLAND PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
CONTENTS
PAGE General Background 251 The Trinidad Bay Landfall Theory 255 The Arguments for the Bodega Bay or Drake's Bay Landfall 258 Analysis of the World Encompassed Account 259 Additional Ethnographic Items in the Richard Madox and
John Drake Accounts 273 Supposed Indian Traditions of Drake's Visit 276 Recapitulation and Conclusion 277 APPENDIX I. The Sources 280 II. Excerpt from The World Encompassed by
Sir Francis Drake 283 Plates 293
FRANCIS DRAKE AND THE CALIFORNIA
INDIANS, 1579 BY ROBERT F. HEIZER
GENERAL BACKGROUND For nearly a century, historians, geographers, and anthropologists have
attempted to solve the problem of locating Francis Drake's anchorage in
California, but the opinion of no one investigator has been universally
accepted. Indeed, it seems likely that the problem will forever remain
insoluble in detail, although it may well be reduced to the possibility
that one of two bays, either Drake's or Bodega, was the scene of Drake's
stay in California. Historically and ethnographically, Drake's California visit is
exceedingly important. He was the first Englishman to see and describe
the Indians of Upper California, and the third Caucasian to mention
them. The account of the voyage given in The World Encompassed by Sir
Francis Drake (London, 1628) (of uncertain authorship but usually
attributed to Francis Fletcher) gives the earliest detailed description
of California Indian life, including such particulars of native culture
as ceremonial behavior and linguistic terms. This account is reproduced
in Appendix II, below. Historians and geographers have long since stated their reasons and
qualifications for presenting certain conclusions about the location of
Drake's anchorage, but anthropologists have never insisted vigorously
enough that their contribution might be the most decisive of all in
solving the problem. If it can be shown that the Indian language and
culture described in the accounts of Drake's voyage to California are
clearly those of one or another of the coastal Indian tribes, there will
then be definite and unequivocal reasons for believing that in 1579
Drake landed on a part of the California coast inhabited by that tribe... Continue reading book >>
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