Freedom In Service Six Essays on Matters Concerning Britain's Safety and Good Government   By: F. J. C. (Fossey John Cobb) Hearnshaw (1869-1946)

SIX ESSAYS ON MATTERS CONCERNING BRITAIN'S SAFETY AND GOOD GOVERNMENT

By F. J. C. HEARNSHAW, M.A., LL.D.

PROFESSOR OF MEDIÆVAL HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON

LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, W. 1916

TO THE GLORIOUS AND IMMORTAL MEMORY OF LORD ROBERTS

CONTENTS

PAGE PREFACE ix

I. THE ANCIENT DEFENCE OF ENGLAND

I. UNIVERSAL OBLIGATION TO SERVE 1

II. THE OLD ENGLISH MILITIA 4

III. MEDIÆVAL REGULATIONS 6

IV. TUDOR AND STUART DEVELOPMENTS 9

V. THE LAST TWO CENTURIES 12

VI. CONCLUSION 15

II. COMPULSORY SERVICE AND LIBERTY

I. THE PLEA OF FREEDOM 17

II. THE TERM "LIBERTY" 18

III. LIBERTY AS FREEDOM FROM FOREIGN CONTROL 20

IV. LIBERTY AS SYNONYMOUS WITH RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT 21

V. LIBERTY AS ABSENCE OF RESTRAINT 23

VI. LIBERTY AS OPPORTUNITY FOR SERVICE 27

III. THE VOLUNTARY PRINCIPLE

I. THE IDEA OF VOLUNTARISM 30

II. ITS ESTABLISHMENT 31

III. THE RESULT 33

IV. THE PRESENT SITUATION 36

V. THE FUTURE 38

IV. PASSIVE RESISTANCE

I. THE NEW PERIL 43

II. PASSIVE RESISTANCE AS REBELLION 45

III. THE RIGHT OF REBELLION 47

IV. REBELLION AGAINST A DEMOCRACY 50

V. THE DUTY OF THE STATE 55

V. CHRISTIANITY AND WAR

I. A CONFLICT OF CONVICTIONS 58

II. THE RELIGION OF THE BIBLE 61

III. THE DOCTRINE AND PRACTICE OF THE CHURCH 63

IV. FORCE AS A MORAL INSTRUMENT 66

V. THE IDEAL OF THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT 69

VI. THE PACIFICIST SUCCESSION 74

VII. CONCLUSION 78

VI. THE STATE AND ITS RIVALS

I. THE IDEA OF THE STATE IN ENGLAND 81

II. THE RIVALS OF THE STATE 87

III. WHAT THE STATE IS AND DOES 95

IV. THE SPHERE OF NATIONAL SERVICE 98

PREFACE

The first three essays in this little book appeared originally as special articles in the Morning Post . I am greatly indebted to the Editor of that paper for his courteous and ready permission to reprint them. The "Freedom" dealt with in these essays is political freedom, and the "Service" advocated is universal military service. These limitations are due to the fact that the original newspaper articles were contributions to the controversy respecting methods of enlistment which took place during the autumn of 1915.