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Historical Introduction to Studies Among the Sedentary Indians of New Mexico; Report on the Ruins of the Pueblo of Pecos Papers Of The Archæological Institute Of America, American Series, Vol. I By: Adolph Francis Alphonse Bandelier (1840-1914) |
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AMERICAN SERIES. Volume I [Illustration: PLATE XI. MAPS OF COUNTRY NEAR SANTA FÉ.]
Papers of the Archæological Institute of America. AMERICAN SERIES. I. 1. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION TO STUDIES
AMONG THE SEDENTARY INDIANS OF
NEW MEXICO. 2. REPORT ON THE RUINS OF THE PUEBLO
OF PECOS. BY
A. F. BANDELIER.
BOSTON:
PUBLISHED BY A. WILLIAMS AND CO.
LONDON: N. TRÜBNER AND CO.
1881.
UNIVERSITY PRESS: JOHN WILSON AND SON, CAMBRIDGE.
ARCHÆOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF AMERICA. Executive Committee, 1880 81.
CHARLES ELIOT NORTON, President . MARTIN BRIMMER, Vice President . FRANCIS PARKMAN. W. W. GOODWIN. H. W. HAYNES. ALEXANDER AGASSIZ. WILLIAM R. WARE. O. W. PEABODY, Treasurer . E. H. GREENLEAF, Secretary .
I. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION
TO
STUDIES AMONG THE SEDENTARY INDIANS
OF
NEW MEXICO. PART I. BY AD. F. BANDELIER.
I. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION.
Part I. The earliest knowledge of the existence of the sedentary
Indians in New Mexico and Arizona reached Europe
by way of Mexico proper; but it is very doubtful whether or
not the aborigines of Mexico had any positive information to
impart about countries lying north of the present State of
Querétaro. The tribes to the north were, in the language of
the valley confederates, "Chichimecas," a word yet undefined,
but apparently synonymous, in the conceptions of the
"Nahuatl" speaking natives, with fierce savagery, and ultimately
adopted by them as a warlike title. Indistinct notions, indeed, of an original residence, during
some very remote period of time, at the distant north, have
been found among nearly all the tribes of Mexico which speak
the Nahuatl language. These notions even assume the form
of tradition in the tale of the Seven Caves ,[1] whence the Mexicans
and the Tezcucans, as well as the Tlaxcaltecans, are said
to have emigrated to Mexico.[2] Perhaps the earliest mention
of this tradition may be found in the writings of Fray Toribio
de Paredes, surnamed Motolinia. It dates back to 1540 A.D.[3]
But it is not to be overlooked that ten years previously, in
1530, the story of the Seven Cities , which was the form in
which the first report concerning New Mexico and its sedentary
Indians came to the Spaniards, had already been told to
Nuño Beltran de Guzman in Sinaloa.[4] The parallelism between
the two stories is striking, although we are not authorized
to infer that the so called seven cities gave rise to what
appeared as an aboriginal myth of as many caves .[5] The tale of the Seven Caves, as the original home of the
Mexicans and their kindred, prevailed to such an extent that,
as early as 1562, in a collection of picture sheets executed in
aboriginal style, the so called "Codex Vaticanus," "Chicomoztoc,"
and the migrations thence, were graphically represented.
All the important Indian writers of Mexico between
1560 and 1600, such as Duráro, Camargo, Tezozomoc, and
Ixtlilxochitl, refer to it as an ancient legend, and they locate
the site of the story, furthermore, very distinctly in New Mexico.
Even the "Popol Vuh," in its earliest account of the
Quiché tribe of Guatemala, mentions "Tulan Zuiva, the seven
caves or seven ravines."[6] While it is impossible as yet to determine whether or not
this legend exercised any direct influence on the extension
of Spanish power into Northern Mexico, another myth, well
known to eastern continents from a remote period, became
directly instrumental in the discovery of New Mexico. This
is the tale of the Amazons . About 1524 A.D., Cortes was informed by one of his officers
(then on an expedition about Michhuacan) that towards
the north there existed a region called Ciguatan ("Cihuatlan" place
of women), near to which was an island inhabited
by warlike females exclusively.[7] The usual exaggerations
about metallic wealth were added to this report; and when, in
1529, Nuño de Guzman governed Mexico he set out northwards,
first to conquer the sedentary Indians of Michhuacan,
and then to search for the gold and jewels of the Amazons... Continue reading book >>
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