The History of Cuba, vol. 4   By: Willis Fletcher Johnson (1857-1931)

The use of Spanish accents in this text varies and has not been altered (ie. both Senor and Señor [tilde n], Senora and Señora [tilde n], José [acute accented letter e] and Jose appear; both Nunez and Nuñez [tilde n], Marti and Martí [acute accented i], Carreno and Carreño appear [tilde n].)

Several typographical errors have been corrected (Almandares=>Almendares, Donate=>Donato, etc.).]

[Illustration: JOSÉ MARTÍ

The first great apostle and martyr of the Cuban War of Independence, José Martí, was born in Havana on January 28, 1853, and fell in battle at Dos Rios on May 19, 1895. He was a Professor of Literature, Doctor of Laws, economist, philosopher, essayist, journalist, poet, historian, statesman, tribune of the people, organizer of the final and triumphant cause of Cuban freedom. He suffered imprisonment in Spain and exile in Mexico, Guatemala, and the United States, doing his crowning work in the last named country as the vitalizing and energizing head of the Cuban Junta in New York. His fame must be lasting as the nation which he founded, wide as the world which he adorned.]

THE

HISTORY OF CUBA

BY

WILLIS FLETCHER JOHNSON

A.M., L.H.D.

Author of "A Century of Expansion," "Four Centuries of the Panama Canal," "America's Foreign Relations"

Honorary Professor of the History of American Foreign Relations in New York University

WITH ILLUSTRATIONS

VOLUME FOUR

[Illustration]

NEW YORK

B. F. BUCK & COMPANY, INC.

156 FIFTH AVENUE

1920

Copyright, 1920,

BY CENTURY HISTORY CO.

All rights reserved

ENTERED AT STATIONERS HALL

LONDON, ENGLAND.

PRINTED IN U. S. A.

CONTENTS

PAGE

CHAPTER I 1

Cuba for the Cubans Era of the War of Independence Organization of the Cuban Revolutionary Party Vigilance of the Spanish Government The Sartorius Uprising The Abarzuza "Home Rule" Measure Beginning of the War of Independence José Marti, His Genius and His Work Members of the Junta in New York Independence the Aim Marti's Departure for Cuba Association with Maximo Gomez Death of Marti His Legacy of Ideals to Cuba.

CHAPTER II 19

Aims and Methods of the Junta Efforts to Avoid American Complications Filibustering Expeditions Contraband Messenger Service Attitude of the Various Classes of the Cuban People Toward the Revolution No Racial nor Partisan Differences The Spanish Element The Mass of the Cuban People United for National Independence.

CHAPTER III 29

The First Uprising Failure in Havana Success in Oriente Response of the Spanish Authorities Superior Numbers of the Spanish Forces Early Complications with the United States Seeking Terms with the Patriots Grim Reception of an Envoy Ministerial Crisis at Madrid over Cuban Affairs Martinez Campos, "Spain's Greatest Soldier," Sent to Cuba His Conciliatory Policy His Military Preparations Antonio Maceo Uprisings in Many Places Provisional Government of the Patriots Campos's Barricades Campos Beaten by Maceo.

CHAPTER IV 47

Declaration of Cuban Independence First Constitutional Convention The First Government of Ministers Founders of the Cuban Government Desperate Efforts of Campos Disadvantages of the Cubans Plantation Work Forbidden Campaigns by Maceo and Gomez Losses of the Spaniards at Sea Reenforcements from Spain Welcomed Cuban Headquarters at Las Tunas Invasion of Matanzas Defeat and Narrow Escape of Campos Action of the Autonomists Loyalty Pledged to Campos State of Siege in Havana Campos Recalled to Spain.

CHAPTER V 65