Ideal Commonwealths   By: Joseph Hall (1574-1656)

PLUTARCH'S LYCURGUS

MORE'S UTOPIA

BACON'S NEW ATLANTIS

CAMPANELLA'S CITY OF THE SUN

AND A FRAGMENT OF

HALL'S MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM

WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY HENRY MORLEY

LL.D., PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH LITERATURE AT UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON

FIFTH EDITION

LONDON GEORGE ROUTLEDGE AND SONS, LIMITED BROADWAY, LUDGATE HILL GLASGOW, MANCHESTER, AND NEW YORK

1890

MORLEY'S UNIVERSAL LIBRARY.

1. Sheridan's Plays.

2. Plays from Molière. By English Dramatists.

3. Marlowe's Faustus and Goethe's Faust.

4. Chronicle of the Cid.

5. Rabelais' Gargantua and the Heroic Deeds of Pantagruel.

6. Machiavelli's Prince.

7. Bacon's Essays.

8. Defoe's Journal of the Plague Year.

9. Locke on Civil Government and Filmer's "Patriarcha".

10. Butler's Analogy of Religion.

11. Dryden's Virgil.

12. Scott's Demonology and Witchcraft.

13. Herrick's Hesperides.

14. Coleridge's Table Talk.

15. Boccaccio's Decameron.

16. Sterne's Tristram Shandy.

17. Chapman's Homer's Iliad.

18. Mediæval Tales.

19. Voltaire's Candide , and Johnson's Rasselas.

20. Jonson's Plays and Poems.

21. Hobbes's Leviathan.

22. Samuel Butler's Hudibras.

23. Ideal Commonwealths.

24. Cavendish's Life of Wolsey.

25 & 26. Don Quixote.

27. Burlesque Plays and Poems.

28. Dante's Divine Comedy. LONGFELLOW'S Translation.

29. Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield, Plays, and Poems.

30. Fables and Proverbs from the Sanskrit. (Hitopadesa.)

31. Lamb's Essays of Elia.

32. The History of Thomas Ellwood.

33. Emerson's Essays, &c.

34. Southey's Life of Nelson.

35. De Quincey's Confession of an Opium Eater, &c.

36. Stories of Ireland. By Miss EDGEWORTH.

37. Frere's Aristophanes: Acharnians, Knights, Birds.

38. Burke's Speeches and Letters.

39. Thomas à Kempis.

40. Popular Songs of Ireland.

41. Potter's Æschylus.

42. Goethe's Faust: Part II. ANSTER'S Translation.

43. Famous Pamphlets.

44. Francklin's Sophocles.

45. M.G. Lewis's Tales of Terror and Wonder.

46. Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation.

47. Drayton's Barons' Wars, Nymphidia, &c.

48. Cobbett's Advice to Young Men.

49. The Banquet of Dante.

50. Walker's Original.

51. Schiller's Poems and Ballads.

52. Peele's Plays and Poems.

53. Harrington's Oceana.

54. Euripides: Alcestis and other Plays.

55. Praed's Essays.

56. Traditional Tales. ALLAN CUNNINGHAM.

57. Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polity. Books I. IV.

58. Euripides: The Bacchanals and other Plays.

59. Izaak Walton's Lives.

60. Aristotle's Politics.

61. Euripides: Hecuba and other Plays.

62. Rabelais Sequel to Pantagruel.

63. A Miscellany.

"Marvels of clear type and general neatness." Daily Telegraph.

INTRODUCTION.

Plato in his "Republic" argues that it is the aim of Individual Man as of the State to be wise, brave and temperate. In a State, he says, there are three orders, the Guardians, the Auxiliaries, the Producers. Wisdom should be the special virtue of the Guardians; Courage of the Auxiliaries; and Temperance of all. These three virtues belong respectively to the Individual Man, Wisdom to his Rational part; Courage to his Spirited; and Temperance to his Appetitive: while in the State as in the Man it is Injustice that disturbs their harmony.

Because the character of Man appears in the State unchanged, but in a larger form, Plato represented Socrates as studying the ideal man himself through an Ideal Commonwealth.