Japan and the California Problem   By: Toyokichi Iyenaga

By T. Iyenaga, Ph.D. Professorial Lecturer in the Department of Political Science, University of Chicago

and

Kenoske Sato, M.A. Formerly Fellow in the University of Chicago

G. P. Putnam's Sons New York and London The Knickerbocker Press 1921

Copyright, 1921 by G. P. Putnam's Sons

Printed in the United States of America

CONTENTS

PAGE

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTORY 3

CHAPTER II

JAPANESE TRAITS AND PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE 9

Emotional Nature Æsthetic Temperament Group Consciousness Adaptable Disposition Spirit of Proletarian Chivalry Philosophy of Life New Turn in Thought.

CHAPTER III

JAPAN'S ASIATIC POLICY 33

Korean Situation Policy of Self Preservation Shantung Settlement Coöperation with China Understanding with America Japan's Proper Sphere of Activity.

CHAPTER IV

BACKGROUND OF JAPANESE EMIGRATION 50

Causes of Emigration and Immigration Japan's Land Area Agriculture Population Industry Social Factors.

CHAPTER V

ATTEMPTS AT EMIGRATION: RESULTS 64

Australia Canada South America The United States Results.

CHAPTER VI

CAUSES OF ANTI JAPANESE AGITATION 75

Modern Civilization Various Attitudes Towards Japanese Psychological Nature of the Cause Chinese Agitation Inherited Local Polities "Yellow Peril" Propaganda Racial Difference Japanese Nationality Modern Nationalism Congestion in California Fear and Envy Incited by Japanese Progress Summary.

CHAPTER VII

FACTS ABOUT THE JAPANESE IN CALIFORNIA POPULATION AND BIRTH RATE 90

Number of Japanese in California Immigration "Gentlemen's Agreement" Smuggling Birth Rate What we May Expect in the Future.

CHAPTER VIII

FACTS ABOUT THE JAPANESE IN CALIFORNIA FARMERS AND ALIEN LAND LAWS 120

History of Japanese Agriculture in California Causes of Progress Japanese Farm Labor Japanese Farmers Anti Alien Land Laws Land Laws of Japan Effect of the Initiative Bill.

CHAPTER IX

ASSIMILATION 148

Nationalism and Assimilation Meaning of "Assimilation" Biological Assimilation Is Assimilation without Intermarriage Possible? Cultural Assimilation Assimilability of Japanese Immigrants Native Born Japanese.

CHAPTER X

GENERAL CONCLUSION 178

APPENDIXES

APPENDIX A 198

Charts on Comparative Height and Weight of American, Japanese American, and Japanese Children.

APPENDIX B 201

Extracts from the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation and Protocol between Japan and the United States of America, of February 21, 1911.

APPENDIX C 204

California's Alien Land Law, Approved May 19, 1913.

APPENDIX D 207

Alien Land Law, Adopted November 2, 1920.

APPENDIX E 216

Crops Raised by Japanese and their Acreage.

APPENDIX F 217

Japanese Immigration to the United States.

APPENDIX G 218