Jaw Musculature of the Mourning and White-winged Doves   By: Robert L. Merz

Volume 12, No. 12, pp. 521 551, 22 figs. October 25, 1963

Jaw Musculature Of the Mourning and White winged Doves

BY

ROBERT L. MERZ

UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS LAWRENCE 1963

UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch, Theodore H. Eaton, Jr.

Volume 12, No. 12, pp. 521 551, 22 figs. Published October 25, 1963

UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS Lawrence, Kansas

PRINTED BY JEAN M. NEIBARGER, STATE PRINTER TOPEKA, KANSAS 1963

29 7865

Jaw Musculature Of the Mourning and White winged Doves

BY

ROBERT L. MERZ

For some time many investigators have thought that the genus Zenaida , which includes the White winged and Zenaida doves, and the genus Zenaidura , which includes the Mourning, Eared, and Socorro doves (Peters, 1937:83 88), are closely related, perhaps more closely than is indicated by separating the several species into two genera. It is the purpose of this paper to report investigations on the musculature of the jaw of doves with the hope that, together with the results of other studies, the relationships of the genera Zenaida and Zenaidura can be elucidated.

METHODS AND MATERIALS

In order to determine in each species the normal pattern of musculature of the jaws, heads of 13 specimens of doves were dissected (all material is in the Museum of Natural History of The University of Kansas): White winged Doves ( Zenaida asiatica ), 40323, 40324, 40328, 40392, 40393; Zenaida Doves ( Z. aurita ), 40399, 40400; Mourning Doves ( Zenaidura macroura ), 40326, 40394, 40395, 40396, 40397, 40398.

Thirty seven skulls from the collection of the Museum of Natural History of The University of Kansas and two skulls from the United States National Museum were measured. The measurements are on file in the Library of The University of Kansas in a dissertation deposited there by me in 1963 in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Zoology. Specimens used were: White winged Doves, KU 19141, 19142, 19143, 19144, 19145, 19146, 19147, 23138, 23139, 24337, 24339, 24341, 23592, 23593, 24340, 31025, 31276; Mourning Doves, KU 14018, 14781, 15347, 15533, 15547, 15550, 15662, 15778, 15872, 16466, 17782, 17786, 17788, 17795, 19153, 19242, 20321, 21669, 22394, 22715; Eared Doves ( Zenaidura auriculata ), USNM 227496, 318381. Additionally, the skulls of the Zenaida Doves mentioned above were measured. All measurements were made with a dial caliper and read to tenths of a millimeter.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

My appreciation is extended to Professor Richard F. Johnston, who advised me during the course of this study, and to Professors A. Byron Leonard and Theodore H. Eaton for critically reading the manuscript.

I would like also to acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Robert M. Mengel and Mr. Jon C. Barlow for suggestions on procedure, and Mr. William C. Stanley, who contributed specimens of Mourning Doves for study. Mr. Thomas H. Swearingen offered considerable advice on production of drawings and Professor E. Raymond Hall suggested the proper layout of the same and gave editorial assistance otherwise, as also did Professor Johnston.

MYOLOGY