Man And His Ancestor A Study In Evolution   By: Charles Morris (1833-1922)

Printer errors have been changed and are listed at the end. All other inconsistencies are as in the original.

MAN AND HIS ANCESTOR

A STUDY IN EVOLUTION

BY

CHARLES MORRIS

AUTHOR OF "CIVILIZATION: AN HISTORICAL REVIEW OF ITS ELEMENTS," "THE ARYAN RACE," ETC.

New York

THE MACMILLAN COMPANY

LONDON: MACMILLAN AND CO., LTD.

1900

All rights reserved

COPYRIGHT, 1900, BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.

Norwood Press J. S. Cushing & Co. Berwick & Smith Norwood Mass. U.S.A.

PREFACE

It would be difficult to find any intelligent person in this age of the world who has not some theory or opinion in regard to the origin of man, and perhaps almost as difficult to find any such person who can give a good and sufficient reason for the faith that is in him. This is especially the case with those who look upon man as a product of evolution, a natural outgrowth from the world of lower life, since here simple faith or ancient authority is not sufficient, as in the creation hypothesis, but scientific evidence and logical argument are necessary. It is to enable this class of readers to test the quality and sufficiency of their belief that this book has been prepared.

The question of the evolutionary origin of man has been by no means neglected by recent authors, yet it has been dealt with chiefly as a side issue in works of a more extended purpose, and largely in technical language, simple to the scientist, but difficult to the general reader. The only work that makes this subject its leading theme, Darwin's "Descent of Man," adds to it a still longer treatise on "Sexual Selection," so that the subject of man's evolutionary origin cannot be said to have been yet dealt with for itself alone. Darwin's work, moreover, is now nearly thirty years old, and to this extent antiquated, while at best it cannot be considered as well suited for general reading.

These considerations have given rise to the present work, in which an effort has been made to present the subject of man's origin in a popular manner, to dwell on the various significant facts that have been discovered since Darwin's time, and to offer certain lines of evidence never before presented in this connection, and which seem to add much strength to the general argument.

The subject is one of such widespread interest as to make it probable that a plain and brief presentation of it will be acceptable, both to enable those who are evolutionists in principle to learn on what grounds their acceptance of this phase of evolution stands, and to aid those who are at sea on the whole subject of man's origin to reach some fixed conclusion. For these purposes this little book has been set afloat, with the hope that it may carry some doubters to solid land and teach some believers the fundamental elements of their faith.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE

I. EVOLUTION VERSUS CREATION 1

II. VESTIGES OF MAN'S ANCESTRY 5

III. RELICS OF ANCIENT MAN 21

IV. FROM QUADRUPED TO BIPED 39

V. THE FREEDOM OF THE ARMS 54

VI. THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLIGENCE 68

VII. THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE 100

VIII. HOW THE CHASM WAS BRIDGED 111

IX. THE FIRST STAGE OF HUMAN EVOLUTION 130

X. THE CONFLICT WITH NATURE 158

XI. WARFARE AND CIVILIZATION 195

XII. THE EVOLUTION OF MORALITY 206

XIII. MAN'S RELATION TO THE SPIRITUAL 225

MAN AND HIS ANCESTOR

I

EVOLUTION VERSUS CREATION