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The Nature of Goodness By: George Herbert Palmer (1842-1933) |
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BY GEORGE HERBERT PALMER
Alford Professor of Philosophy
In Harvard University [Illustration: Tout bien ou rien]
1903 A. F. P. BONITATE SINGULARI MULTIS DILECTAE VENUSTATE LITTERIS CONSILIIS PRAESTANTI NUPER E DOMO ET GAUDIO MEO EREPTAE
PREFACE
The substance of these chapters was delivered as a course of lectures
at Harvard University, Dartmouth and Wellesley Colleges, Western
Reserve University, the University of California, and the Twentieth
Century Club of Boston. A part of the sixth chapter was used as an
address before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Harvard, and another
part before the Philosophical Union of Berkeley, California. Several
of these audiences have materially aided my work by their searching
criticisms, and all have helped to clear my thought and simplify its
expression. Since discussions necessarily so severe have been felt as
vital by companies so diverse, I venture to offer them here to a wider
audience. Previously, in "The Field of Ethics," I marked out the place which
ethics occupies among the sciences. In this book the first problem of
ethics is examined. The two volumes will form, I hope, an easy yet
serious introduction to this gravest and most perpetual of studies.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I THE DOUBLE ASPECT OF GOODNESS I. Difficulties of the investigation
II. Gains to be expected
III. Extrinsic goodness
IV. Imperfections of extrinsic goodness
V. Intrinsic goodness
VI. Relations of the two kinds
VII. Diagram
CHAPTER II MISCONCEPTIONS OF GOODNESS I. Enlargement of the diagram
II. Greater and lesser good
III. Higher and lower good
IV. Order and wealth
V. Satisfaction of desire
VI. Adaptation to environment
VII. Definitions
CHAPTER III SELF CONSCIOUSNESS I. The four factors of personal goodness
II. Unconsciousness
III. Reflex action
IV. Conscious experience
V. Self consciousness
VI. Its degrees
VII. Its acquisition
VIII. Its instability
CHAPTER IV SELF DIRECTION I. Consciousness a factor
II. (A) The intention
III. (1) The end, aim, or ideal
IV. (2) Desire
V. (3) Decision
VI. (B) The volition
VII. (1) Deliberation
VIII. (2) Effort
IX. (3) Satisfaction
CHAPTER V SELF DEVELOPMENT I. Reflex influence of self direction
II. Varieties of change
III. Accidental change
IV. Destructive change
V. Transforming change
VI. Development
VII. Self development
VIII. Method of self development
IX. Test of self development
X. Actual extent of personality
XI. Possible extent of personality
XII. Practical consequences
CHAPTER VI SELF SACRIFICE I. Difficulties of the conception
II. It is impossible
III. It is a sign of degradation
IV. It is needless
V. It is irrational
VI. Its frequency
VII. Definition
VIII. Its rationality
IX. Distinguished from culture
X. Its self assertion
XI. Its incalculability
XII. Its positive character
XIII. Conclusion
CHAPTER VII NATURE AND SPIRIT I. Summary of the preceding argument
II. Spirit superior to nature
III. Naturalistic tendency of the fine arts
IV. Naturalistic tendency of science and philosophy
V. Naturalism in social estimates
VI. Self consciousness burdensome
VII. Impossibility of full conscious guidance
VIII. Advantages of unconscious action
CHAPTER VIII THE THREE STAGES OF GOODNESS I. Advantage of conscious guidance
II. Example of piano playing
III. The mechanization of conduct
IV. Contrast of the first and third stages
V. The cure for self consciousness
VI. The revision of habits
VII. The doctrine of praise
VIII. The propriety of praise
I THE DOUBLE ASPECT OF GOODNESS
In undertaking the following discussion I foresee two grave
difficulties. My reader may well feel that goodness is already the
most familiar of all the thoughts we employ, and yet he may at the
same time suspect that there is something about it perplexingly
abstruse and remote. Familiar it certainly is. It attends all our
wishes, acts, and projects as nothing else does, so that no estimate
of its influence can be excessive... Continue reading book >>
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