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A New Doglike Carnivore, Genus Cynarctus, From the Clarendonian, Pliocene, of Texas By: Walter Woelber Dalquest (1917-2000) |
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MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume 14, No. 10, pp. 135 138, 2 figs. April 30, 1962
A New Doglike Carnivore, Genus Cynarctus,
From the Clarendonian, Pliocene, of Texas BY E. RAYMOND HALL and WALTER W. DALQUEST
UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS LAWRENCE 1962
UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch,
Theodore H. Eaton, Jr.
Volume 14, No. 10, pp. 135 138, 2 figs.
Published April 30, 1962 UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
Lawrence, Kansas PRINTED BY JEAN M. NEIBARGER, STATE PRINTER TOPEKA, KANSAS 1962 29 2890
A New Doglike Carnivore, Genus Cynarctus,
From the Clarendonian, Pliocene, of Texas BY E. RAYMOND HALL and WALTER W. DALQUEST
A study of a right maxilla bearing P3 M1 and part of a right mandibular
ramus bearing m2 (see figures) reveals the existence of an unnamed
species of cynarctine carnivore. It may be known as: =Cynarctus fortidens= new species Holotype. Right maxilla bearing P3, P4, and M1, No. 11353
KU; bluff on west side of Turkey Creek, approximately 75
feet above stream, Raymond Farr Ranch, Center NE, NE, S. 48
Blk. C 3, E. L. and R. R. Ry. Co., Donley County, Texas
[approximately 6.5 miles north and 1 mile east of
Clarendon], Clarendon fauna, Early Pliocene age. Obtained by
W. W. Dalquest, on June 25, 1960. Referred material. Fragment of right lower mandible
bearing m2, No. 11354 KU (see fig. 2), found about two feet
horizontally distant from the holotype in the same stratum
as the holotype and on the same date by the same collector
(a staff member of the Department of Biology of Midwestern
University, Wichita Falls, Texas). [Illustration: FIG. 1. Cynarctus fortidens , No. 11353 KU (Midwestern
Univ. No. 2044). Lateral view of holotype × 1, and occlusal view of
check teeth × 2.] [Illustration: FIG. 2. Cynarctus fortidens , No. 11354 KU (Midwestern
Univ. No. 2045). Lateral view of right lower mandible and m2 × 1 and
oblique occlusal view of m2 × 2.] Diagnosis. Size large (see measurements); no accessory
cusp between protocone and paracone of fourth upper
premolar; first upper molar longer than broad and lacking
cingulum on part of tooth lingual to protocone. Comparisons. From Cynarctus crucidens Barbour and Cook
(see page 225 of Two New Fossil Dogs of the Genus Cynarctus
from Nebraska. Nebraska Geol. Surv., 4(pt. 15):223 227,
1914; also pages 330 and 338 of Dental Morphologie of the
Procyonidae with a Description of Cynarctoides, Gen. Nov.
Geol. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 6:323 339, 10 figs.,
October 31, 1938) C. fortidens differs in lacking, instead
of having, an accessory cusp between the protocone and
paracone of the fourth upper premolar and in lacking,
instead of having, a cingulum on the part of P4 that is
internal (lingual) to the protocone. Remarks. The lower jaw and its second molar seem to be
from an individual significantly larger than the holotype.
Possibly the lower jaw and upper jaw are from two species but
the lower jaw probably is from a male and the upper jaw from
a female of the same species. Reasons for regarding Cynarctus as belonging to the family
Canidae instead of to the family Procyonidae have been stated
recently in detail by E. C. Galbreath (Remarks on
Cynarctoides acridens from the Miocene of Colorado. Trans.
Kansas Acad. Sci., 59(3):373 378, 1 fig., October 31, 1956)
and need not be repeated here. Although some uncertainty
remains as to the familial position of Cynarctus , we favor
Galbreath's view that the genus belongs in the family
Canidae. The holotype of Cynarctus crucidens is from Williams
Canyon, Brown County, Nebraska. According to C. B. Schultz
( in litt. , December 6, 1961), Williams Canyon is a
tributary of Plumb Creek; the upper part of the Valentine
formation and the younger lower part of the Ash Hollow
formation are exposed in Williams Canyon; which one of these
formations yielded the holotype of C. crucidens is unknown. On the basis of the correlation chart (Pl. 1 in Nomenclature
and Correlation of the North American Continental Tertiary.
Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 52(pt. 1):1 48, 1941) by H. E. Wood
2nd et al. , C. fortidens and C. crucidens are
equivalent in age or C. fortidens is the younger. The rounded summits of the principal cusps of the teeth of
C. fortidens suggests that it was mainly frugivorous
instead of carnivorous more frugivorous by far than the
living gray fox, Urocyon cinereoargenteus , that is known to
eat substantial amounts of fruits and berries. Indeed, no
other canid that we know of has teeth so much adapted to a
frugivorous diet as are those of C. fortidens . Its degree
of adaptation to a frugivorous diet is more than in the
procyonid genus Nasua but less than in the procyonid genus
Bassaricyon . Measurements (of crowns) of C. fortidens . P3 M1, length,
25.8 (millimeters); P4 M1, 18.9; P3, length, 6.2; P3,
breadth, 2.8; P4, length of outer border, 9.3; P4, breadth,
7.05; M1, length, 9.7; M1, breadth, 9.3; m2, length, 10.3;
m2, breadth, 6.6; depth of mandible at posterior end of m2,
17; thickness of mandible, 7.1.
Transmitted February 21, 1962.
29 2890
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