Progress and History   By: Francis Sydney Marvin (1863-1943)

PROGRESS AND HISTORY

ESSAYS ARRANGED AND EDITED

BY

F. S. MARVIN

LATE SENIOR SCHOLAR OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, OXFORD

AUTHOR OF 'THE LIVING PAST'

EDITOR OF 'THE UNITY OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION'

'Tanta patet rerum series et omne futurum Nititur in lucem.' LUCAN.

THIRD IMPRESSION

HUMPHREY MILFORD

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

LONDON EDINBURGH GLASGOW NEW YORK TORONTO MELBOURNE CAPE TOWN BOMBAY

1919

PRINTED IN ENGLAND AT THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

PREFACE

This volume is a sequel to The Unity of Western Civilization published last year and arose in the same way, from a course of lectures given at the Woodbrooke Settlement, Birmingham.

The former book attempted to describe some of the permanent unifying factors which hold our Western civilization together in spite of such catastrophic divisions as the present war. This book attempts to show these forces in growth. The former aimed rather at a statical, the present at a dynamical view of the same problem. Both are historical in spirit.

It is hoped that these courses may serve as an introduction to a series of cognate studies, of which clearly both the supply and the scope are infinite, for under the general conception of 'Progress in Unity' all great human topics might be embraced. One subject has been suggested for early treatment which would have especial interest at the present time, viz. 'Recent Progress in European Thought'. We are by the war brought more closely than before into contact with other nations of Europe who are pursuing with inevitable differences the same main lines of evolution. To indicate these in general, with stress on the factor of betterment, is the aim of the present volume.

F.S.M.

CONTENTS

PAGE

I. THE IDEA OF PROGRESS 7

By F. S. MARVIN.

II. PROGRESS IN PREHISTORIC TIMES 27

By R. R. MARETT, Reader in Social Anthropology, Oxford.

III. PROGRESS AND HELLENISM 48

By F. MELIAN STAWELL, late Lecturer at Newnham College, Cambridge.

IV. PROGRESS IN THE MIDDLE AGES 72

By the Rev. A. J. CARLYLE, Tutor and Lecturer at University College, Oxford.

V. PROGRESS IN RELIGION 96

By BARON FRIEDRICH VON HÜGEL.

VI. MORAL PROGRESS 134

By L. P. JACKS, Principal of Manchester New College, Oxford.

VII. GOVERNMENT 151

By A. E. ZIMMERN, late Fellow of New College, Oxford.

VIII. INDUSTRY 189

By A. E. ZIMMERN.

IX. ART 224

By A. CLUTTON BROCK.

X. SCIENCE 248

By F. S. MARVIN.

XI. PHILOSOPHY 273

By J. A. SMITH, Waynflete Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy, Oxford.

XII. PROGRESS AS AN IDEAL OF ACTION 295