A Short History of Spain   By: Mary Platt Parmele (1843-1911)

A SHORT HISTORY OF SPAIN

BY

MARY PLATT PARMELE

ILLUSTRATED

NEW YORK CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 1906

COPYRIGHT, 1898, BY MARY PLATT PARMELE

COPYRIGHT, 1898, 1906, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS

[Illustration: From the portrait by Titian. Charles V.]

PREFACE.

In presenting this book to the public the author can only reiterate what she has already said in works of a similar kind: that she has tried to exclude the mass of confusing details which often make the reading of history a dreary task; and to keep closely to those facts which are vital to the unfolding of the narrative. This is done under a strong conviction that the essential facts in history are those which reveal and explain the development of a nation, rather than the incidents, more or less entertaining, which have attended such development. And also under another conviction: that a little, thoroughly comprehended, is better than much imperfectly remembered and understood.

M.P.P

NEW YORK. June 15, 1898.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I. Ancient Iberia The Basques The Keltberians The Phenicians Cadiz Founded, 1

CHAPTER II. Struggle between Phenicians and Assyrians Founding of Carthage Decline of Phenicia Rise of Roman Power First Punic War, 9

CHAPTER III. Hamilcar Hannibal Siege and Fall of Saguntum Rome Invades Spain Scipio's Policy Cadiz, (Gades) Surrendered to the Romans By What Steps IBERIA Became SPAIN Fall of Carthaginian Power How Spain Became a Roman Province, 15

CHAPTER IV. Sertorius Story of the White Hind Rome Fights Her Own Battles on Spanish Soil Battle of Munda Cæsar Declared Dictator The Ides of March Octavius Augustus Spain Latinized Four Hundred Years of Peace, 24

CHAPTER V. Northern Races in the History of Civilization Roman Empire Expiring Ataulfus Attila and the Huns Theodoric Evaric Completes Conquest of Spanish Peninsula Europe Teutonized Difference between Anglo Saxon and Latin Races, 30

CHAPTER VI. Ulfilas Arianism The Spanish Language Brunhilde Leovigild His Son's Apostasy Arianism Ceases to be the Established Religion of Spain, 39

CHAPTER VII. Toledo Church of Santa Maria Wamba, 45

CHAPTER VIII. Decline of Visigoths Roderick Count Julian's Treachery Mahommedanism Tarif Prophecy Found in the Enchanted Tower Tarik Roderick's Defeat and Death Moslem Empire Established in Spain, 50

CHAPTER IX. Musa's Dream of European Conquest Charles Martel Characteristics of Mahommedan Rule Mission of the Saracen in Europe The Germ of a Christian Kingdom in the North of Spain, 58

CHAPTER X. Pelayo and the Cave of Covadonga Alfonso I. Berbers and Arabs at War on African Coast War Extends to Spain The Omeyyad Khalifs Superseded by the Abbasides Abd er Rahman Omeyyad Dynasty Established at Cordova Ineffectual Attempt of the Abbasides to Overthrow Abd er Rahman Character of This Conqueror, 64

CHAPTER XI. Charlemagne Battle of Roncesvalles, 69

CHAPTER XII. Conditions after Death of Abd er Rahman Abd er Rahman II. Arab Refinements Eulogius and the Christian Martyrs Abd er Rahman III. A Khalifate at Cordova The Great Mosque The City of "The Fairest" Death of Abd er Rahman III., 72