Village Improvements and Farm Villages   By: George E. Waring (1833-1898)

By

GEO. E. WARING, JR.

CONSULTING ENGINEER FOR SANITARY AND AGRICULTURAL WORKS.

BOSTON: JAMES R. OSGOOD AND COMPANY, (Late Ticknor & Fields, and Fields, Osgood, & Co.) 1877.

COPYRIGHT, 1877, BY GEO. E. WARING, JR.

FRANKLIN PRESS: RAND, AVERY, & CO., BOSTON.

The following papers on Village Improvements and Farm Villages are reprinted, with some amendments, from "Scribners Monthly." These constitute the more practical part of the book, so far as villages are concerned.

It has, however, been judged appropriate to add to them a paper on Eastern Farming, which originally appeared in "The Atlantic Monthly," and which continues the discussion of the question of village residence as a means for mitigating some of the hardships which beset the lives of isolated country families.

The wide spread and growing interest in the topics considered makes it seem worth while to give these short essays a more permanent form.

G. E. W., JR. NEWPORT, R.I., June, 1877.

CONTENTS.

PAGE VILLAGE IMPROVEMENTS 11

VILLAGE SANITARY WORK 69

FARM VILLAGES 114

LIFE AND WORK OF THE EASTERN FARMER 159

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE FIG. 1. DRAINAGE OF HILL SIDE FOOT PATH 31

FIG. 2. SECTION OF ROAD WITH DRAINS 44

FIG. 3. PIPES RESTING ON THEIR SHOULDERS 73

FIG. 4. PIPES RESTING ON THEIR FULL LENGTH 73

FIG. 5. GREASE TRAP 79

FIG. 6. FIELD'S FLUSH TANK 80

FIG. 7. THE EMERSON VENTILATOR 86

FIG. 8. DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATING MANNER OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL AT LENOX, MASS. 97

FIG. 9. SETTLING BASIN 102

FIG. 10. ARRANGEMENT OF ABSORPTION DRAINS, 105

FIG. 11. DIVISION OF FOUR SQUARE MILES WITH CENTRAL VILLAGE 124

FIG. 12. DIVISION OF THE CENTRAL VILLAGE 126

FIG. 13. DIVISION OF THE CENTRAL OPEN SPACE OF THE VILLAGE 131

FIG. 14. PRESENT DIVISION AND SETTLEMENT OF TRACT IN RHODE ISLAND 133

FIG. 15. THE RHODE ISLAND TRACT WITH ITS BUILDINGS GATHERED TOGETHER INTO A COMPACT VILLAGE 135

FIG. 16. PROPOSED ARRANGEMENT OF THE RHODE ISLAND FARM VILLAGE 139

VILLAGE IMPROVEMENTS.

It may be because the newness of our country and the fragile character of our early structures have prevented the accumulation of inferior, ugly, and uncomfortable houses, as the nucleus around which later building has crystallized; it may be from circumstances which have prevented the isolated residence of the better classes of our people; or it may be the result of accident. Whatever the reason, it is beyond dispute that the United States is par excellence a land of beautiful villages. North, south, east, and west, there are plenty of hideous conglomerations of poor looking houses, with an absence of every element of beauty; but there are thousands of other villages scattered all over the land, which are full of the evidences of good taste in their regulation and in their management.