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Title: Esperanto Self-Taught with Phonetic Pronunciation

Author: William W. Mann

Release Date: December 23, 2007 [EBook #23984]

Language: English

*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ESPERANTO SELF-TAUGHT ***

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MARLBOROUGH'S SELF-TAUGHT SERIES

Esperanto Self-Taught
WITH
PHONETIC PRONUNCIATION.
BY
WILLIAM W. MANN.
(Member of the British Esperanto Association.)

THIRD EDITION

PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN

London:
E. MARLBOROUGH & CO., LTD., 51 Old Bailey, E.C. 4

[ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.]

PREFACE.

The object of this volume is two-fold. It supplies very full and comprehensive vocabularies of the words required by the tourist or traveller, visitor or resident abroad, health or pleasure seeker, and professional or business man, together with a large number of conversational sentences of a typical and practical character. The words and phrases are classified according to subject, and the phonetic pronunciation of every word is added in accordance with Marlborough's simple and popular system of phonetics.

With the aid of this book anyone may undertake a trip to a foreign land, even if he know nothing of the language of the country he is going to, and, if he will put himself beforehand in communication with Esperantists in the various places he intends to visit, he will find them ready to help him in many ways, and his stay abroad will thus be made much more entertaining and instructive than if he had spent his time in the conventional manner of the ordinary tourist. A further great advantage of this international language is, that it opens up to the traveller, not merely one particular country, but the whole of Europe.

The book also aims at affording a practical guide to Esperanto for the student, who will find, in the section on Grammar, all that he needs to give him full insight into and grasp of the language, enabling him with very little effort to read, write and speak correctly.

By joining an Esperanto Group the learner may have frequent opportunity of conversational practice, and he will soon find that it is by no means a difficult matter to become as fluent in the auxiliary language as in his mother-tongue.1

Esperanto is not merely a language for tourists, but already possesses a rich literature of considerable extent, the beginnings of that "Weltlitteratur" foreseen by Goethe; it has a press of its own representing every country of importance in the world, and is constantly being made use of for professional purposes by doctors, scientists, teachers, lawyers, soldiers, sailors, merchants, etc., in every quarter of the globe. It is undoubtedly destined, ere many years have passed, to become a very important factor in the progress of the world.

WILLIAM W. MANN.

London, 1908.

PRINTED AND MADE IN GREAT BRITAIN.

Letchworth: The Garden City Press Ltd.

Fifth Impression

CONTENTS.

Alphabet, with English Phonetic Pronunciation 5

Preliminary Notes.—Accents, Vowels, Diphthongs, etc. 7

Vocabularies.—Pages 9 to 76.

Amusement, Recreation and 41

Animals, Vegetables, &c.:

Animals, Birds and Fishes 12

Fruit, Trees, Flowers and Vegetables 15

Reptiles and Insects 14

Colours 17

Commercial Terms 56

Correspondence 61

Countries and Nations 40

Cycling 44

Cooking and Table Utensils 29

House and Furniture, The 34

Legal Terms 54

Mankind:

Relations 22

Dress and the Toilet 30

Food and Drink 27

Health 26

Human Body, The 23

Physical and Mental Powers, Qualities, etc. 24

Motoring 47

Numbers: Cardinal, Ordinal, Collective and Fractional 62 to 64

Parts of Speech.—Pages 64 to 76

Adjectives 64

Adverbs, Conjunctions, and Prepositions 72

Verbs 68

Photography 48

Post, Telegraph and Telephone 60

Professions and Trades 52

Recreation and Amusement 41

Religion 50

Telegraph and Telephone (Post, —) 60

Time and Seasons 17

Town, Country, and Agriculture 20

Travelling:

By Road and Rail 36

By Ship 39

Washing List 33

World and its Elements, The 9

Land and Water 10

Minerals and Metals 11

Grammar.—Pages 77 to 88.

The Adjective 77

" Adverb 83

" Article 77

" Conjunction 83

" Noun 77

" Preposition 83

" Pronoun 78

" Verb 81

The Formation of Words, etc.—Pages 84 to 88.

Prefixes and Suffixes 84 to 87

Compound Words 87

Correlatives 88

Conversations.—Pages 89 to 126.

Amusements 112

Commercial and Trading 125

Correspondence 122

Custom House, At the 98

Cycling 114

Enquiries 93

Expressions, (Useful and Necessary) 89

Expressions of Emotion 93

Health 105

Legal and Judicial 123

Meals 102 to 105

Breakfast 102

Dinner 103

Tea 104

Money Changing 126

Motoring 115

Photography 117

Post and Telegraph 121

Religion 118

Shopping 108

Dressmaker 110

Laundress 111

Shoemaker 110

Telegraph (Post and) 121

Time of Day, The 118

Times, Seasons, and Weather 119

Town, In 106

Travelling:—

Arrival 99

Bus and Tram 100

Changing Money 126

Hotel and Rooms 100

Public Notices 94

Railway, By 95

Steamer, By 97

Useful and Necessary Expressions 89

Money.—Equivalent Values 127

Weights and Measures; Postage 128

THE ESPERANTO ALPHABET
(WITH PHONETIC PRONUNCIATION).

The Esperanto Alphabet has 28 letters—23 consonants, 5 vowels:—

Characters.
Name and English Pronunciation.
Phonetics used.

A, a
(ah) like a in father or pa; as patro (pah'troh). In unaccented syllables it should not be dwelt upon, and in all cases it should be pronounced quite purely, without the slight drawling r-sound which is sometimes added to the corresponding vowel in English
ah

B, b
(bo) as in English
b

C, c
(tsoh) like ts in gets, hits, and never as in English; as caro (tsah'roh)
ts

Ĉ, ĉ
(cho) like ch in church; as ĉasi (chah'see)
ch

D, d
(do) as in English, but with tip of tongue placed on back of teeth instead of on front ridge of roof of mouth
d

E, e
(eh) like e in bend pronounced broadly, or a in hate shortly pronounced, but quite pure, entirely without the slight drawling ee-sound often heard after the English vowel; as beno (beh'noh)
e, eh

F, f
(fo) as in English
f

G, g
(go) like g in go, give, as gasto (gah'stoh), and never like g in gem, allege
g

Ĝ, ĝ
(jo) like g in gem, general, and j in jovial; as ĝeni (jeh'nee)
j

H, h
(ho) as in English
h

Ĥ, ĥ
(ĥo) like ch in Scotch loch, ch in German hoch, j in Spanish mujer. This guttural sound is practically a very strongly aspirated h, and may be made by trying to pronounce "ho" with the throat arranged as for saying k:—ĥoro (khoro), ĥino (khino)
kh

I, i
(ee) like ee in seen, as li (lee). In unaccented syllables, and before two consonants together, this i practically becomes the i in it or in wind; as ferminte (fehrr-min'teh)
ee, i

J, j
(yo) always like y in yet, as jes (yehss), vojo (vo'yo), and never like j in judge, joke
y

It should be remembered that j is always a consonant, with the sound of the English y in you. Of course, when j occurs at the end of a word or before a consonant, it practically unites with the preceding vowel to form a diphthong, and loses the full consonantal sound which it has before a vowel. Thus:

Aj (ahy), like ah y in ah yes (almost like y in my); as kaj (kah'y), rajdi (rah'y-dee), krajono (krah-yo'no)
ahy

Ej (ehy), like ay y in say yes; as plej (pleh'y, one syllable)
ehy

Oj (oy), like oh y in oh yes (almost like oy in toy); as ranoj (rah'noy), kojno (koy'noh)
oy

Uj (ooy), like oo y in too young; as tuj (too'y, one syllable), prujno (proo'yno, two syllables)
ooy

Ĵ, ĵ
(zho) like s in vision or pleasure, or j in French jeune, j'ai; as ĵeti (zheh'tee)
zh

K, k
(ko) as in English
k

L, l
(lo) as in English
l

M, m
(mo) as in English
m

N, n
(no) as in English
n

O, o
(oh) like o in horse, not diphthongized, but pronounced purely and rather shortly, as bona (boh'nah NOT bow'nah), quite without the short oo-sound frequently heard with the English vowel in such words as note, boat. Its sound is almost equivalent to aw in caw, pronounced shortly and with the lips placed roundly as if for saying oh; as estonta (ess-tohn'tah)
o, oh

P, p
(po) as in English
p

R, r
(ro) as in English, but sounded much more forcibly, and always with a trill as in singing; as korpo (kohr'po)
r

S, s
(so) like s in say, as suno (soo'noh), and never as s in rose; as pesi (peh'see)
s, ss

Ŝ, ŝ
(sho) like sh in show, she; as ŝipo (shee'poh)
sh

T, t
(to) as in English, but dentally—with tip of tongue placed on back of teeth instead of on front ridge of roof of mouth
t

U, u
(oo) like oo in boot, as nubo (noo'boh); and never as u in mute or but
oo

Ŭ, ŭ
(wo) is equivalent to the English w, and is produced by a partial bringing together of the lips. It practically only occurs after a or e
w, ŏŏ

(1) Aŭ. To say antaŭ, for instance, say "ahn'tah," and finish by bringing the lips slightly together to pronounce the ŭ (w). Similarly for laŭta (lah'w-tah). This sound is not exactly the English ou in house, but is just the au in the German Haus. The phonetic sign for aŭ, therefore is
ahw

(2) Eŭ, as in Eŭropo (ehw-ro'poh), is pronounced with a similar closing of the lips after the eh-sound
ehw

V, v
(vo) as in English
v

Z, z
(zo) as in English
z

PRELIMINARY NOTES.

In order to make the best progress in acquiring the words and sentences in the following pages, the student is recommended to learn a few at a time by repeating them aloud with the aid of the phonetic pronunciation in the third column.

Although the system of phonetics may seem a little cumbersome, practice will soon enable the student to pronounce the words easily and naturally. The following notes will be useful:—

1. Accent.—In Esperanto, every letter, whether vowel or consonant, is sounded. The accented syllable of a word is always the last but one. Thus, nobla (noh'blah), irado (ee-rah'do), telefono (teh-leh-foh'no), internacia (in-tehr-naht-see'ah), folio (fohlee'oh).

It should be borne in mind that j and ŭ are consonants, and do not, like the vowels, of themselves constitute a syllable. Thus, tiu (tee'oo, two syllables) and tiuj (tee'ooy, also two syllables), rajdi (rah'y-dee, not rah-ĭ'dee), antaŭ (ahn'tahw, not ahn-tah'ŏŏ).

2. The vowels, a, e, i, o, u, should in Esperanto be pronounced quite purely, and entirely without any drawling after-sound. Many English speakers diphthongize a, i, o, and pronounce late as "la-it," pale as "pa-il," paper as "pa-y-per," road as "row-d," etc. This habit of drawling the vowels, when transferred to Esperanto, thus: Mi ne povas bone paroli, mee'y nay'ee poh'ŏŏ-vah(r)ss boh'ŏŏ-nehy pah(r)-roh'ŏŏ-leey, immediately reveals the nationality of the speaker.

There is also an inclination to interpose an r-sound between la ("the") and a word beginning with a vowel, thus: la(r)ebleco instead of la ebleco, la(r)internacia lingvo instead of la internacia lingvo, etc. This should be avoided.

3. Combinations of Consonants.—There are a few consonantal combinations which offer a slight difficulty to English beginners, viz., gv, kn, kv, sc. The combinations gv, kn, and kv, as in gvidi (gvee'dee), knabo (knah'bo), kvieto (kvee-eh'toh), may be practised by first placing a vowel before the g or k, and gradually suppressing it. Thus, first say la knabo (lahk-nah'bo), and gradually drop the "lah," until finally knabo can be said without difficulty.

The combination sc, as in sceno (stseh'no), may be learnt thus: Say "last sane" several times, very distinctly pronouncing the st and the s, then gradually "'st sane", and finally sceno (stseh'no) without any preceding vowel-sound. When this combination follows a vowel, as in mi scias, it should cause no difficulty, for the s is easily pronounced with the first syllable, thus: meess-tsee'ahss.

LETTER FROM DR. ZAMENHOF.
(Founder of Esperanto.)

Varsovio, 14.9.08.

Karaj Sinjoroj,—Kun plezuro kaj danko mi ricevis vian leteron de 10.9, kaj ankaŭ la presprovaĵon de "Esperanto Self-Taught."

Ĉar Sro Mann estas tre kompetenta kaj sperta esperantisto, tial mi estas tute certa, ke la libro verkita de li estos tre bona kaj tre utila.

Via,

(Signed) ZAMENHOF.

[TRANSLATION.]

Warsaw, 14.9.08.

Dear Sirs,—I received your letter of Sept. 10, and the proofs of "Esperanto Self-Taught," with pleasure and thanks.

As Mr. Mann is a very competent and experienced Esperantist, I am quite certain that the book written by him will be very good and very useful.

Yours,

(Signed) ZAMENHOF.

VOCABULARIES.

1. The World & its Elements.
(La Mondo kaj ĝiaj Elementoj.)

(See Notes on the Article, p. 77.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Air | aero | ah-eh'ro
cloud | nubo | noo'bo
cold | malvarmo | mahl-vahrr'mo
darkness | mallumo | mahl-loo'mo
dew | roso | ro'so
dust | polvo | pohl'vo
earth | tero | teh'ro
east | oriento | o-ree-ehn'toh
eclipse | eklipso | eh-klip'so
fire | fajro | fahy'ro
fog | nebulo | neh-boo'lo
frost | frosto | frohst'o
hail | hajlo | hahy'lo
heat | varmo | vahrr'mo
light | lumo | loo'mo
lightning | fulmo | fool'mo
moon; —, new | luno; nova luno | loo'no; no'vah loo'no
—, full | plena luno | pleh'nah loo'no
moonlight | lunlumo | loon'loo'mo
nature | naturo | nah-too'ro
north | nordo | nohrr'doh
rain | pluvo | ploo'vo
rainbow | ĉielarko | chee-ehl-ahr'ko
shade, shadow | ombro | ohm'bro
sky | ĉielo | chee-eh'lo
snow | neĝo | neh'jo
south | sudo | soo'doh
star | stelo | steh'lo
sun | suno | soo'no
thaw | degelo | deh-geh'lo
thunder | tondro | tohn'dro
weather | vetero | veteh'ro
west | okcidento | ohk-tsee-dehn'toh
wind | vento | vehn'toh

2. Land and Water.
(La Tero kaj la Akvo.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Bay | golfeto | golf-eh'toh
beach | marbordo | mahrbohr'doh
canal | kanalo | kanah'lo
cape | terkapo | tehr-kah'po
cliff | krutegaĵo | kroo-teh-gah'zho
coast | marbordo | mahr-bohr'doh
creek | kriko | kree'ko
current | akvofluo | ahk'vo-floo'oh
ebb | malfluso | mahl-floo'so
flood (deluge) | inundo | in-oon'doh
— (of the tide) | fluso | floo'so
flow | fluo | floo'oh
foam | ŝaŭmo | shahw'mo
hill | monteto | mohn-teh'toh
ice | glacio | glaht-see'oh
island | insulo | in-soo'lo
lake | lago | lah'go
land | tero | teh'ro
mainland | ĉeftero | chehf-teh'ro
marsh | marĉo | mahr'cho
moor | stepo | steh'po
mountain | monto | mohn'toh
mud | koto | ko'toh
river | rivero | reeveh'ro
rock | roko | ro'ko
sand | sablo | sah'blo
sea | maro | mah'ro
sea-shore | marbordo | mahr-bohr'doh
shingle | ŝtonetaĵo | shto-neh-tah'zho
storm | ventego | ven-teh'go
stream | rivereto | rivehr-eh'toh
tide; —, high | tajdo; altmaro | tahy'doh; ahlt-mah'ro
—, low | malaltmaro | mahl'ahlt-mah'ro
valley | valo | vah'lo
water; —, fresh | akvo; sensala akvo | ahk'vo; sen-sah'la ahk'vo
—, salt | sala akvo | sah'la ahk'vo
waterfall | akvofalo | ahk'vo-fah'lo
wave | ondo | ohn'doh
well | akvoputo | ahk'vo-poo'toh

3. Minerals & Metals.
(Mineraloj kaj Metaloj.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Alum | aluno | ahloo'no
amber | sukceno | sookt-seh'no
brass | latuno | lah-too'no
bricks | brikoj | bree'koy
bronze | bronzo | brohn'zo
cement | cemento | tseh-mehn'to
chalk | kreto | kreh'to
clay | argilo | ahr-ghee'lo
coal | karbo | kahrr'bo
concrete | betono | beh-toh'no
copper | kupro | koo'pro
coral | koralo | kohrah'lo
crystal | kristalo | kris-tah'lo
diamond | diamanto | dee-ahmahn'toh
emerald | smeraldo | smehrahl'doh
glass | vitro | vee'tro
gold | oro | oh'ro
granite | granito | grahnee'toh
gravel | gruzo | groo'zo
iron | fero | feh'ro
—, cast | fandfero | fahnd-feh'ro
—, wrought | forĝfero | fohrj-feh'ro
lead | plumbo | ploom'bo
lime | kalko | kahl'ko
marble | marmoro | mahrr-moh'ro
mercury | hidrargo | heedrahrr'go
mortar | mortero | mohr-teh'ro
nickel | nikelo | nik-eh'loh
opal | opalo | ohpah'lo
ore | minaĵo | meenah'zho
pearl | perlo | pehrr'lo
ruby | rubeno | roobeh'no
silver | arĝento | ahrr-jehn'toh
slate | ardezo | ahrr-deh'zo
soda | sodo | so'doh
steel | ŝtalo | shtah'lo
stone | ŝtono | shtoh'no
tin | stano | stah'no
zinc | zinko | zeen'ko

4. Animals, Birds & Fishes.
(Bestoj, Birdoj, kaj Fiŝoj.)

(See Shopping, p. 108.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Animal
besto
beh'stoh

barking
bojado
bo-yah'doh

bear
urso
oorr'so

bird
birdo
beerr'doh

blackbird
merlo
mehrr'lo

braying
azenbleko
ah-zehn-bleh'ko

bull
bovoviro
bo'vo-veer'oh

calf
bovido
bo-vee'doh

canary
kanario
kanah-ree'oh

cat
kato
kah'toh

chicken
kokido
ko-kee'doh

claw, nail
ungo
oon'go

cock
koko
ko'ko

cod
moruo
mo-roo'oh

colt
ĉevalido
chehvah-lee'doh

cow
bovino
bo-vee'no

crab
krabo
krah'bo

cuckoo
kukolo
koo-ko'lo

deer
damcervo
dahm-tsehrr'vo

dog
hundo
hoon'doh

donkey
azeno
ah-zeh'no

dove, pigeon
kolombo
ko-lohm'bo

duck
anaso
ah-nah'so

—, wild
sovaĝa anaso
so-vah'ja ah-nah'so

eagle
aglo
ah'glo

eel
angilo
ahn-ghee'lo

elephant
elefanto
ehleh-fahn'toh

feather
plumo
ploo'mo

fins
naĝiloj
nah-jee'loy

fish
fiŝo
fee'sho

fowl
kortbirdo
kohrrt-beer'doh

fox
vulpo
vool'po

fur
felo
feh'lo

game
ĉasaĵo
chah-sah'zho

gills
brankoj
brahn'koy

goat
kapro
kah'pro

goose
ansero
ahn-seh'ro

gull
mevo
meh'vo

haddock
eglefino
eh-gleh-fee'no

hake
merluĉo
mehr-loo'cho

hare
leporo
lepoh'ro

hen
kokino
ko-kee'no

herring
haringo
har-een'go

hoof
hufo
hoo'foh

horn
korno
kohrr'no

horse
ĉevalo
cheh-vah'loh

howling
blekado
bleh-kah'doh

lamb
ŝafido
shah-fee'do

lark
alaŭdo
ahl-ahw'doh

lion
leono
leh-oh'no

lobster
omaro
o-mah'ro

mackerel
skombro
skohm'bro

magpie
pigo
pee'go

mane
kolhararo
kohl'har-ah'ro

mewing
miaŭado
mee-ah-wah'doh

monkey
simio
sim-ee'oh

mouse
muso
moo'so

mullet
mugelo
moo-gheh'lo

nightingale
najtingalo
nahy-tin-gah'lo

owl
strigo
stree'go

ox
bovo
bo'vo

oyster
ostro
oh'stro

parrot
papago
pa-pah'go

partridge
perdriko
pehr-dree'ko

paw
piedo
pee-eh'doh

peacock
pavo
pah'voh

pheasant
fazano
fah-zah'no

pig
porko
pohrr'ko

pike
ezoko
eh-zo'ko

plaice
plateso
plah-teh'so

quail
koturno
ko-toorr'no

rabbit
kuniklo
koo-nee'klo

rat
rato
rah'toh

raven
korvo
kohrr'vo

rook
frugilego
froo-ghee-leh'go

salmon
salmo
sahl'mo

sheep
ŝafo
shah'fo

snipe
marĉa skolopo
mar'chah sko-lo'po

sparrow
pasero
pa-seh'ro

stork
cikonio
tsee-konee'oh

swallow
hirundo
hee-roon'doh

swan
cigno
tseeg'noh

tail
vosto
vo'sto

thrush
turdo
toorr'doh

tiger
tigro
tee'gro

tortoise
testudo
tess-too'doh

trout
truto
troo'toh

turbot
rombfiŝo
rohmb-fee'sho

turkey
meleagro
meh-leh-ah'gro

turtle
kelonio
keh-lo-nee'oh

whale
baleno
bah-leh'no

wing
flugilo
floo-ghee'lo

wolf
lupo
loo'po

wren
regolo
reh-go'lo

5. Reptiles & Insects.
(Rampuloj kaj Insektoj.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Ant | formiko | fohrmee'ko
bee | abelo | ah-beh'lo
beetle | skarabo | skarah'bo
bug | cimo | tsee'moh
butterfly | papilio | pah-peelee'oh
caterpillar | raŭpo | rahw'po
flea | pulo | poo'lo
fly | muŝo | moo'shoh
frog | rano | rah'noh
gnat | kulo | koo'lo
grasshopper | akrido | ah-kree'doh
insect | insekto | insek'toh
moth; —, clothes- | faleno; tineo | fah-leh'no; teeneh'oh
silkworm | silkraŭpo | silk-rahw'po
snail | heliko | heh-lee'ko
snake | serpento | sehr-pehn'toh
spider | araneo | arah-neh'oh
sting | pikilo | peekee'lo
toad | bufo | boo'fo
wasp | vespo | vehs'po
worm | vermo | vehrr'mo

6. Fruits, Trees2, Flowers & Vegetables
(Fruktoj, Arboj, Floroj, kaj Legomoj.)

(For Shopping, see p. 106.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Acorn
glano
glah'noh

almond
migdalo
mig-dah'lo

apple
pomo
poh'mo

apricot
abrikoto
ahbree-ko'toh

ash
frakseno
frahk-seh'noh

asparagus
asparago
ahspah-rah'go

banana
banano
bahnah'no

bark
arbŝelo
ahrb-sheh'lo

beans
faboj
fah'boy

beech (-tree)
fago
fah'go

beetroot
beto
beh'toh

birch (-tree)
betulo
beh-too'lo

blackberry
rubuso
roo-boo'so

bouquet
bukedo
bookeh'do

branch
branĉo
brahn'cho

buttercup
ranunkulo
rahnoon-koo'lo

cabbage
brasiko
brahsee'ko

carrot
karoto
kahroh'toh

cauliflower
florbrasiko
flohr'brah-see'ko

celery
celerio
tseh-lehree'oh

cherry
ĉerizo
chehree'zo

chestnut (edible)
kaŝtano
kashtah'no

chrysanthemum
krizantemo
krizahn-teh'mo

cucumber
kukumo
kookoo'mo

currants (dried)
korintoj
kohreen'toy

daisy
lekanteto
leh-kahn-teh'toh

dandelion
leontodo
leh-ontoh'doh

elm (-tree)
ulmo
ool'mo

evergreen
ĉiamverdulo
chee'ahm-vehrdoo'lo

fern
filiko
feelee'ko

fibre
fibro
fee'broh

fig
figo
fee'go

fir (-tree)
abio
ahbee'oh

flower
floro
floh'roh

fruit-tree
fruktarbo
frookt-ahr'bo

gooseberry
groso
groh'so

grape
vinbero
veenbeh'ro

holly
ilekso
eelek'so

horse-chestnut
hipo-kaŝtano
hee'po-kahshtah'no

horse-radish
kreno
kreh'no

ivy
hedero
heh-deh'ro

kernel
kerno
kehrr'no

laurel
laŭro
lahw'ro

leaf
folio
fohlee'oh

lemon
citrono
tsee-troh'no

lettuce
laktuko
lahk-too'ko

lily
lilio
leelee'oh

lily-of-the-valley
konvalo
kohn-vah'lo

lime (fruit); -tree
limedo; tilio
leemeh'do; teelee'oh

maize
maizo
mah-ee'zo

maple
acero
aht-seh'ro

melon
melono
meh-loh'no

misletoe
visko
vees'ko

mulberry
moruso
moh-roo'so

nettle
urtiko
oortee'ko

nut; walnut
nukso; juglando
nook'so; yooglahn'do

oak (-tree)
kverko
kvehrr'ko

onion
bulbo
bool'bo

orange
oranĝo
ohrahn'jo

parsnip
pastinako
pahstee-nah'ko

peach
persiko
pehrr-see'ko

pear
piro
pee'ro

peas
pizoj
pee'zoy

pine-apple
ananaso
ah-nahnah'so

plant
kreskaĵo
kreskah'zho

plum
pruno
proo'no

potatoes
terpomo
tehrr-poh'mo

primrose
primolo
pree-mo'lo

privet
ligustro
lee-goost'ro

pumpkin
kukurbo
kookoorr'bo

radishes
rafanoj
rahfah'noy

raisins
sekvinberoj
sek-vinbeh'roy

raspberry
frambo
frahm'bo

root
radiko
rahdee'ko

rose
rozo
roh'zo

skin, shell (of fruit)
ŝelo
sheh'lo

sloe
prunelo
prooneh'lo

spinach
spinaco
speenaht'so

stalk, stem
trunketo
troonkeh'toh

strawberry
frago
frah'go

stump
stumpo
stoom'po

tomato
tomato
toh-mah'toh

tree
arbo
ar'bo

trunk (tree-)
trunko
troon'ko

tulip
tulipo
toolee'po

turnip
napo
nah'po

vegetable marrow
medolkukurbo
mehdohl'kookoor'bo

vine
vinberujo
vinbehr-oo'yoh

violet
violo
vee-oh'lo

willow
saliko
sahlee'ko

7. Colours.
(Koloroj.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Black | nigra | nee'gra
blue | blua | bloo'ah
brown | bruna | broo'na
crimson | punca | poont'sah
dark | malhela | mahl-heh'la
green | verda | vehrr'da
grey | griza | gree'za
light | hela | heh'la
orange | oranĝa | ohrahn'ja
pink | rozkolora | rohz-kohlo'ra
purple | purpura | poorr-poo'ra
red | ruĝa | roo'ja
scarlet | skarlata | skahr-lah'ta
violet | violkolora | veeohl'kohlo'ra
white | blanka | blahn'ka
yellow | flava | flah'va

8. Times & Seasons.
(La Tempoj kaj la Sezonoj.)

(For Conversations, see p. 119.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Afternoon
posttagmezo
post-tahg-meh'zo

Bank holidays
bankaj libertagoj
bahn'kahy lee-behrr-tah'goy

Good Friday
Sankta Vendredo
sahnk'tah ven-dreh'doh

Easter Monday
Paska lundo
pah'skah loon'doh

Whit-Monday
Pentekosta lundo
penteh-ko'stah loon'doh

first Monday in August
la unua lundo en Aŭgusto
lah oo-noo'ah loon'doh en ahw-goo'sto

Boxing-day
la tago post Kristnasko
lah tah'go post krist-nah'sko

beginning
komenciĝo
koh-ment-see'jo

birthday
naskotago
nah'sko-tah'go

century
centjaro
tsehnt-yah'ro

Christmas-day
Kristnasko
krist-nah'sko

dawn, daybreak
tagiĝo
tah-ghee'jo

day
tago
tah'go

days of the week
tagoj de la semajno
tah'goy deh la sehmahy'no

Sunday
dimanĉo
deemahn'cho

Monday
lundo
loon'doh

Tuesday
mardo
mahrr'doh

Wednesday
merkredo
mehrr-kreh'doh

Thursday
ĵaŭdo
zhahw'doh

Friday
vendredo
vendreh'doh

Saturday
sabato
sahbah'toh

Easter
Pasko
pah'sko

end
fino
fee'no

evening
vespero
veh-speh'ro

fortnight
du semajnoj
doo seh-mahy'noy

half
duono
doo-oh'no

half-a-century
duoncentjaro
doo-ohn'tsent-yah'ro

half-an-hour
duonhoro
doo-ohn-ho'ro

holiday
libertempo
libehr-tehm'po

hour
horo
ho'ro

last month
lastan monaton
lah'stahn monah'tohn

last night
hieraŭ nokte
hee-eh'rahw nohk'teh

last Sunday
lastan dimanĉon
lah'stahn deemahn'chon

last week
lastan semajnon
lah'stahn seh-mahy'nohn

leap year
superjaro
soo'pehrr-yah'ro

Lent
la Fastsezono
la fahst'seh-zo'no

Michaelmas
la tago de Sankta Miĥaelo
lah tah'go deh sahnk'tah meekhah-eh'lo

midnight
noktomezo
nohk'toh-meh'zo

midsummer
somermezo
so-mehr-meh'zo

minute
minuto
mee-noo'toh

month
monato
mo-nah'toh

months, the
la monatoj
la mo-nah'toy

January
Januaro
yah-noo-ah'ro

February
Februaro
feh-broo-ah'ro

March
Marto
mahrr'toh

April
Aprilo
ah-pree'lo

May
Majo
mah'yo

June
Junio
yoo-nee'oh

July
Julio
yoo-lee'oh

August
Aŭgusto
ahw-goost'oh

September
Septembro
sep-tehm'bro

October
Oktobro
ok-toh'bro

November
Novembro
no-vehm'bro

December
Decembro
deht-sehm'bro

morning
mateno
mah-teh'no

next day
la proksima(n) tago(n)3
la proksee'mah(n) tah'goh(n)

night
nokto
nok'toh

noon
tagmezo
tahg-meh'zo

quarter
kvarono
kvah-ro'no

quarter of an hour
kvaronhoro
kvah-rohn-ho'ro

season
sezono
seh-zo'no

seasons
la sezonoj
la seh-zo'noy

spring
printempo
prin-tehm'po

summer
somero
soh-mehr'o

autumn
aŭtuno
ahw-too'no

winter
vintro
vin'tro

second
sekundo
seh-koon'doh

sunrise
sunleviĝo
soon'leh-vee'jo

sunset
sunsubiro
soon'soobeer'o

time
tempo
tehm'po

to-day
hodiaŭ
hoh-dee'ahw

to-morrow
morgaŭ
morr'gahw

to-night
hodiaŭ nokte
hoh-dee'ahw nok'teh

twilight
krepusko
krehpoos'ko

week
semajno
seh-mahy'no

week-day
labortago
lahbohr-tah'go

Whitsuntide
Pentekosto
penteh-kohs'toh

year
jaro
yah'ro

yesterday
hieraŭ
hee-eh'rahw

yesterday morning
hieraŭ matene
hee-eh'rahw mahteh'neh

9. Town, Country and Agriculture.
(La Urbo, la Kamparo, kaj la Terkulturo).

(For Conversations, see p. 106.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Bank
deklivo
deh-klee'vo

bank (edge)
bordo
bohrr'doh

barley
hordeo
hohrdeh'o

barn
grenejo
greh-neh'yo

bridge
ponto
pohn'toh

brook
rivereto
reevehr-eh'toh

building
konstruaĵo
kon-stroo-ah'zho

bush, shrub
arbusto
ahrr-boo'sto

cattle
brutoj
broo'toy

cemetery
tombejo
tohm-beh'yo

clover
trifolio
tree-fohl-ee'o

corn
greno
greh'no

cottage
dometo
doh-meh'toh

country, the
la kamparo
lah kahm-pah'ro

courtyard
korto
kohrr'toh

crop
rikolto
ree-kohl'toh

dairy
laktejo
lahk-teh'yo

ditch
fosaĵo
foh-sah'zho

drain
drenilo
drehn-ee'lo

farm
farmbieno
fahrm'bee-eh'no

farmer
farmisto
fahrm-ist'o

fence
palisaro
pahlee-sah'ro

field
kampo
kahm'po

flock (of sheep)
ŝafaro
shahf-ah'ro

foot-path
piedvojeto
pee-ehd'vo-yeh'toh

foot-pavement
trotuaro
tro-tooahr'o

forest
arbaro
ahr-bar'o

garden
ĝardeno
jahrr-deh'no

gate
barpordo
bahr-pohr'doh

grass
herbo
hehrr'bo

harvest
grenrikolto
grehn'reekohl'toh

hay
fojno
foy'no

hedge
plektobarilo
plek'toh-bahree'lo

herd
bovaro
bo-vah'ro

high road
ĉefvojo
chehf-vo'yoh

hotel
hotelo
ho-teh'lo

hut
kabano
kah-bah'noh

inn
gastejo
gah-steh'yoh

labourer
laboristo
lah-bo-reest'o

land, soil
tero
tehr'o

library
biblioteko
bib-lee-oh-teh'ko

log
ŝtipo
shtee'po

manure
sterko
stehrr'ko

market
vendejo
vendeh'yo

market-place
vendeja placo
vendeh'ya plaht'so

meadow
herbejo
hehr-beh'yo

mile
mejlo
mehy'lo

mill
muelilo
moo-ehlee'lo

monument
monumento
mo-noomehn'toh

oats
aveno
ah-veh'no

palace
palaco
pah-laht'so

place, spot
loko
lo'ko

pasture
paŝtejo
pah-shteh'yo

plough
plugilo
ploo-ghee'lo

police-station
policejo
pohleet-seh'yo

prison
malliberejo
mahl-lee-beh-reh'yo

public-house
trinkejo
trin-keh'yoh

restaurant
restoracio
restohraht-see'o

river
rivero
ree-veh'ro

road
vojo
vo'yoh

rye
sekalo
seh-kah'lo

school
lernejo
lehrr-neh'yo

seed
semo
seh'mo

shepherd
paŝtisto
pah-shteest'o

shop
butiko
bootee'ko

square
placo
plaht'so

stack
stako
stah'ko

street
strato
strah'toh

street-lamp
stratlanterno
straht'lahn-tehrr'no

tower
turo
toor'o

town
urbo
oorr'bo

town-hall
urbdomo
oorrb-doh'mo

tramway
tramvojo
trahm-vo'yoh

tree
arbo
ahrr'bo

university
universitato
oonivehr-seetah'toh

village
vilaĝo
veelah'jo

waterfall
akvofalo
ahk'vo-fah'lo

wheat
tritiko
treetee'ko

10. Mankind: Relations.
(La Homaro: Parencoj).

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Aunt
onklino
ohn-klee'no

baby
infaneto
infahn-eh'toh

boy
knabo
knah'bo

bride
edzinigato
ed-zeenee-gah'toh

bridegroom
edzigato
edzee-gah'toh

brother
frato
frah'toh

child
infano
infahn'o

cousin
kuzo m., kuzino f.
koo'zo, koozee'no

daughter
filino
feelee'no

daughter-in-law
bofilino
bo-feelee'no

family
familio
fahmee-lee'o

father
patro
pah'tro

father-in-law
bopatro
bo-pah'tro

gentleman, Mr.
sinjoro
seenyohr'o

girl
knabino
knah-bee'no

grand-daughter
nepino
neh-pee'no

grandfather
avo
ah'vo

grandmother
avino
ah-vee'no

grandson
nepo
neh'po

husband
edzo
ehd'zo

lady, Mrs.
sinjorino
seen-yohr-ee'no

man, a
viro
vee'ro

man (human being)
homo
ho'mo

marriage
edziĝo
ed-zee'jo

mother
patrino
pah-tree'no

mother-in-law
bopatrino
bo-pah-tree'no

nephew
nevo
neh'vo

niece
nevino
neh-vee'no

parents
gepatroj
gheh-pah'troy

people, the
la popolo
lah po-po'lo

person
persono
pehr-so'no

single man, bachelor
fraŭlo
frahw'lo

single woman, young lady, Miss
fraŭlino
frahw-lee'no

sister
fratino
frah-tee'no

sister-in-law
bofratino
bo-frahtee'no

son
filo
fee'lo

step-son
duonfilo
doo-ohn-fee'lo

uncle
onklo
ohn'klo

widow
vidvino
vid-vee'no

widower
vidvo
veed'vo

wife
edzino
ed-zee'no

woman
virino
veeree'no

11. The Human Body.
(La Homa Korpo).

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Abdomen
ventro
vehn'tro

ankle
maleolo
mah-leh-o'lo

arm
brako
brah'ko

back
dorso
dohrr'so

beard
barbo
bahrr'bo

blood
sango
sahn'go

body
korpo
kohrr'po

bone
osto
oh'sto

bowels
intestoj
intess'toy

brain
cerbo
tsehrr'bo

cheek
vango
vahn'go

chest
brusto
broo'sto

chin
mentono
men-toh'no

complexion
vizaĝkoloro
veezahj'ko-lohr'o

ear
orelo
o-reh'lo

elbow
kubuto
kooboo'toh

eye
okulo
o-koo'lo

eyebrow
brovo
bro'vo

eyelid
palpebro
pahlpeh'bro

face
vizaĝo
vee-zah'jo

finger
fingro
feen'gro

foot
piedo
pee-eh'doh

forehead
frunto
froon'toh

hair, a; hair, -s
haro; la haroj
ha'ro; la hah'roy

hand
mano
mah'no

head
kapo
kah'po

heart
koro
ko'ro

heel
kalkano
kahlkah'no

kidneys
renoj
reh'noy

knee
genuo
gheh-noo'oh

leg
kruro
kroo'ro

limb
membro
mehm'bro

lip
lipo
lee'po

liver
hepato
heh-pah'toh

lungs
pulmoj
pool'moy

moustache
lipharoj
leep-hah'roy

mouth
buŝo
boo'sho

nail
ungo
oon'go

neck
kolo
ko'lo

nose
nazo
nah'zo

shoulder
ŝultro
shool'tro

side
flanko
flahn'ko

skin
haŭto
hahw'toh

spine
spino
spee'no

stomach
stomako
sto-mah'ko

temple
tempio
tehmpee'oh

throat
gorĝo
gohrr'jo

thumb
dika fingro
dee'kah feen'gro

toe
piedfingro
pee-ehd-feen'gro

tongue
lango
lahn'go

tooth
dento
dehn'toh

whiskers
vangharoj
vahng-hah'roy

wrist
karpeo
kahrr-peh'o

12. Physical & Mental Powers, Qualities, etc.
(Korpaj kaj Mensaj Kapabloj, Ecoj, k.t.p.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Age
aĝo
ah'jo

—, old
maljuneco
mahl-yoon-eht'so

anger
kolero
ko-leh'ro

art
arto
ahrr'toh

breadth, width
larĝeco
lahrr-jeht'so

character
karaktero
kar-ahk-teh'ro

childhood
infaneco
infahn-eht'so

depth
profundeco
pro-foon-deht'so

dislike
malameti
mah-lah-meh'tee

emotions
emocioj
eh-moht-see'oy

fear
timo
tee'mo

foolishness, folly
malsaĝeco
mahl-sah-jeht'so

gentleness
mildeco
meel-deht'so

goodness
boneco
bo-neht'so

greatness
grandeco
grahn-deht'so

hatred
malamo
mahl-ah'mo

height
grandeco
grahn-deht'so

stature
staturo
stah-too'ro

honesty; dishonesty
honesteco; mal-
honest-eht'so; mahl-

honour; dishonour
honoro; mal-
ho-noh'ro; mahl-

intellect
intelekto
intelehk'toh

intelligence
inteligenteco
intehlee-ghen-teht'so

joy
ĝojo
joh'yo

judgment (faculty)
juĝkapablo
yooj'kah-pah'blo

knowledge
scio
stsee'oh

laughter; a laugh
ridado; rido
ree-dah'doh; ree'doh

learning
klereco
klehr-eht'so

length
longeco
lohn-geht'so

love
amo
ah'mo

manhood
vireco
veer-eht'so

mind
menso
mehn'so

patience
pacienco
paht-see-ehnt'so

pleasure
plezuro
pleh-zoor'o

politeness, courtesy
ĝentileco
jehn-tee-leht'so

reason (faculty)
prudento
proo-dehn'toh

science
scienco
stsee-ehnt'so

senses, the
la sentoj
lah sehn'toy

feeling, touch
palpado
pahl-pah'doh

hearing
aŭdado
ahw-dah'doh

seeing, sight
vidado
vee-dah'doh

smelling, smell
flarado
flah-rah'do

tasting, taste
gustumado
goostoom-ah'doh

shape
formo
fohrr'mo

size
amplekso
ahm-plek'so

smell (odour)
odoro
oh-doh'ro

smiling; a smile
ridetado; rideto
reedehtah'do; reedeh'toh

sneezing; a sneeze
ternado; terno
tehrr-nah'doh; tehrr'no

sorrow
malĝojo
mahl-jo'yo

speaking, speech
parolado
pah-ro-lah'doh

strength
forteco
fohrr-teht'so

stupidity
stulteco
stool-teht'so

surprise
surprizo
soorr-pree'zo

taste (of a thing)
gusto
goos'toh

thickness
dikeco
dee-keht'so

thinking, thought
pensado
pehn-sah'doh

thought, a
penso
pehn'so

voice
voĉo
vo'cho

weakness (quality)
malforteco
mahl-fohrr-teht'so

wisdom
saĝo
sah'jo

womanhood
virineco
vee-ree-neht'so

youth (quality)
juneco
yoo-neht'so

13. Health.
(La Sano.)

(For Conversations see p. 105.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Accident
akcidento
ahkt-see-dehn'toh

ambulance
ambulanco
ahm-boo-lahnt'so

bandage
bandaĝo
bahn-dah'jo

biliousness
galmalsano
gahl-mahl-sah'no

blister
veziketo
veh-zee-keh'toh

bruise
kontuzo
kon-too'zo

burn
brulvundo
brool-voon'doh

chemist's (shop)
apoteko
ahpo-teh'ko

chilblain
frostabsceso
frohst-ahbs-tseh'so

chill, cold
malvarmumo
mahl-vahr-moo'mo

contagion
kontaĝio
kon-tahjee'o

corns
kaloj
kah'loy

cough
tuso
too'so

cramp
krampfo
krahmp'fo

dentist
dentisto
dehn-tis'toh

diarrhœa
lakso
lahk'so

diet
dieto
dee-eht'o

disease, illness
malsano
mahl-sah'no

doctor
kuracisto
koo-raht-sis'toh

dysentery
disenterio
dis-ehn-teh-ree'o

exercise
ekzercado
ek-zehrt-sah'do

exhaustion
ellaciĝo
ellaht-see'jo

to faint
sveni
sveh'nee

fainting
sveno
sveh'no

fever
febro
feh'bro

fit
atako (epilepsia)
ah-tah'ko (eh-peelep-see'ah)

fracture
ostrompo
ost-rohm'po

gout
podagro
po-dah'gro

headache
kapdoloro
kahp-dolohr'o

hospital
hospitalo
hospit-ah'lo

ill, sick
malsana
mahl-sah'nah

indigestion
dispepsio
dis-pep-see'o

inflammation
inflamo
inflah'mo

lame
lama
lah'ma

medicine
medicino
med-eet-see'no

nurse
flegistino
fleh-ghis-tee'no

ointment
ungvento
oong-vehn'toh

operation
operacio
oh-peh-raht-see'o

pain
doloro
doh-lohr'o

paralysis
paralizo
pa-rah-lee'zo

physician
medicinisto
mehdit-seen-eest'o

pill
pilolo
pee-lo'lo

poison
veneno
veh-neh'no

poultice
kataplasmo
kah-tah-plahs'mo

prescription
recepto
reht-sep'toh

rest
ripozado
ree-po-zah'doh

scald
brogo
broh'go

sea-sickness
marmalsano
mahr-mahl-sah'no

sprain
tordvundo
tohrd-voon'doh

sting
pikvundo
peek-voon'doh

tonic
stimulilo
stimoolee'lo

unwell, to be
farti malbone
fahrr'tee mahlbo'neh

well, to be
farti bone
fahrr'tee bo'neh

wound
vundo
voon'doh

14. Food & Drink.
(Manĝaĵoj kaj Trinkaĵoj.)

(For Conversations see pp. 102–105.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Appetite
apetito
ah-peh-tee'toh

beverages
trinkaĵoj
trin-kah'zhoy

beer
biero
bee-ehr'o

chocolate
ĉokolado
cho-ko-lah'doh

cocoa
kakao
kah-kah'o

coffee
kafo
kah'fo

lemonade
citronakvo
tsee-trohn-ahk'vo

milk
lakto
lahk'toh

soda water
sodakvo
sohd-ahk'vo

tea
teo
teh'o

water
akvo
ahk'vo

wine
vino
vee'no

bill-of-fare
manĝokarto
mahn'jo-kahr'toh

biscuits
biskvitoj
bisk-vee'toy

bread
pano
pah'no

brown bread
bruna pano
broo'nah pah'no

new bread
freŝa pano
freh'shah pah'no

stale bread
malfreŝa pano
mahl-freh'shah pah'no

rolls
bulkoj
bool'koy

hot roll
varma bulko
vahr'mah bool'ko

boiled
bolkuirita
bohl'koo-eeree'tah

bottle
botelo
boh-teh'lo

butter
butero
boo-tehr'o

cake
kuko
koo'ko

cheese
fromaĝo
fro-mah'jo

chicken
kokidaĵo
koh-keed-ah'zho

cinnamon
cinamo
tsee-nah'mo

cooked; un-
kuirita; ne-
koo-eeree'tah; neh-

cream
kremo
kreh'mo

custard
flano
flah'no

dessert
deserto
deh-sehr'toh

eggs
ovoj
oh'voy

fish, dried
sekigita fiŝo
seh-kee-ghee'tah fee'sho

—, fresh
freŝa fiŝo
freh'shah fee'sho

flour
faruno
fah-roo'no

fowl
kokaĵo
koh-kah'zho

fruits
fruktoj
frook'toy

ginger
zingibro
zin-ghee'bro

honey
mielo
mee-eh'lo

hunger
malsato
mahl-sah'toh

ice, an
glaciaĵo
glahtsee-ah'zho

jam, preserve
konfitaĵo
konfee-tah'zho

marmalade
marmelado
mahr-meh-lah'do

meals
manĝoj
mahn'joy

breakfast
matenmanĝo
maht-ehn-mahn'jo

dinner
ĉefmanĝo
chehf-mahn'jo

luncheon
lunĉo
loon'cho

tea
teomanĝo
teh'o-mahn'jo

supper
vespermanĝo
vespehr-mahn'jo

meat
viando
vee-ahn'doh

bacon
lardo
lahr'doh

beef
bovaĵo
bo-vah'zho

beefsteak
bifsteko
beef-steh'ko

fat
graso
grah'so

ham
ŝinko
sheen'ko

kidneys
renoj
reh'noy

lamb
ŝafidaĵo
shah-feedah'zho

lean
malgraso
mahl-grah'so

mutton
ŝafaĵo
shah-fah'zho

mutton cutlet
ŝafkotletoj
shahf'kot-leh'toy

pork
porkaĵo
pohrr-kah'zho

sausage
kolbaso
kohl-bah'so

veal
bovidaĵo
bo-veed-ah'zho

mustard
mustardo
moos-tahr'doh

oil
oleo
o-leh'o

omelet, an
omeleto
oh-meh-leh'toh

pancake
krespo
kreh'spo

pastry
kukaĵoj
koo-kah'zhoy

pepper
pipro
pee'pro

pie
pasteĉo
pahs-teh'cho

poultry
kortbirdaĵo
kort-beerr-dah'zho

pudding
pudingo
poo-deen'go

rice
rizo
ree'zo

roast(ed)
rostita
roh-stee'tah

salad
salato
sah-laht'o

salt
salo
sah'lo

sauce, gravy
saŭco
sahwt'so

smoking
fumado
foo-mah'doh

cigar
cigaro
tsee-gahr'o

cigarette
cigaredo
tsee-gahr-eh'doh

matches
alumetoj
ahloo-meh'toy

pipe
pipo
pee'po

tobacco
tabako
tah-bah'ko

tobacco-pouch
tabakujo
tah-bah-koo'yo

soup
supo
soo'po

sugar
sukero
soo-kehr'o

sweets
dolĉaĵoj
dohl-chah'zhoy

thirst
soifo
so-eef'o

toothpick
dentpurigilo
dent'pooree-ghee'lo

under-done
ne elkuirita
neh elkoo-eeree'tah

vegetables
legomoj
leh-go'moy

vinegar
vinagro
vee-nah'gro

well-done
elkuirita
el-koo-eeree'tah

15. Cooking & Table Utensils.
(Kuiraj kaj Manĝaj Iloj.)

(For Conversations See pp. 102–105.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Basin
pelvo
pehl'vo

coffee-pot
kafpoto
kahf-po'toh

corkscrew
korktirilo
kork-teeree'lo

cruet-stand
kondimentujo
kondimehntoo'yo

cup
taso
tah'so

decanter
karafo
kah-rah'fo

dish
plado
plah'do

dish-cover
pladkovrilo
plahd'ko-vree'lo

filter
filtrilo
fil-tree'lo

fork
forko
fohrr'ko

frying-pan
pato
pah'toh

glass, tumbler
glaso
glah'so

grill
rostokrado
ro'sto-krah'doh

jug
kruĉo
kroo'cho

kettle
bolilo
bo-lee'lo

knife
tranĉilo
trahn-chee'lo

lid
kovrilo
ko-vree'lo

mat
mato
mah'toh

nut-crackers
nuksrompilo
nooks-rompee'lo

oven
bakforno
bahk-fohr'no

plate
telero
teleh'ro

salt-cellar
salujo
sah-loo'yo

saucepan
kaserolo
kah-sehr-oh'lo

saucer
tastelero
tahss-teleh'ro

serviette
buŝtuko
boosh-too'ko

(soup-)ladle
(sup)kulerego
(soop')koo-lehr-eh'go

spoon
kulero
koo-leh'ro

stove
forno
fohrr'no

strainer
kribrokulero
kree'bro-koo-leh'ro

table-cloth
tablotuko
tah'blo-too'ko

teapot
te-poto
teh-po'toh

tea-spoon
te-kulero
teh-kooleh'ro

tray
pleto
pleh'toh

water-bottle
akvokarafo
ahk'vo-karah'fo

wine-glass
vinglaso
veen-glah'so

16. Dress & the Toilet.
(La Vestoj kaj la Tualeto.)

(See also Washing List, following, and Conversations pp. 108–112.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Bath
bano
bah'no

bodice
korsaĵo
kor-sah'zho

bonnet
kufo
koo'fo

bootlaces
laĉoj
lah'choy

boots
botoj
bo'toy

bow
banto
bahn'toh

bracelet
braceleto
braht-seh-leht'o

braces
ŝelko
shehl'ko

breeches
pantaloneto
pahn-tah-lo-neh'toh

brooch
broĉo
bro'cho

brush
broso
bro'so

brush, clothes-
vestbroso
vest-bro'so

—, nail-
ungobroso
oon'go-bro'so

—, tooth-
dentbroso
dent-bro'so

buckle
buko
boo'ko

button
butono
boo-to'no

button-hook
butontirilo
boo-tohn'tee-ree'lo

cap
ĉapeto
cha-peh'toh

cloak
mantelo
mahn-teh'lo

clothing, dress
vestaĵo
vestah'zho

coat
vesto
veh'sto

comb
kombilo
kohm-bee'lo

corsets, stays
korseto
kor-seh'toh

dress, gown
robo
ro'bo

evening dress
frako
frah'ko

eye-glasses
nazumo
na-zoo'mo

frock-coat
redingoto
red-ingo'toh

gaiters
gamaŝoj
gah-mah'shoy

garters
ŝtrumpligiloj
shtroom-plee-ghee'loy

gloves
gantoj
gahn'toy

hairpin
harpinglo
har-peen'glo

hat
ĉapelo
chahpeh'lo

hatpin
ĉapelpinglo
chapehl-peen'glo

jacket
jako
yah'ko

jewellery
juveloj
yoo-veh'loy

knot
nodo
no'do

linen
tolaĵo
to-lah'zho

lining
subŝtofo
soob-shtoh'fo

looking-glass, mirror
spegulo
speh-goo'lo

material (dress, etc.)
ŝtofo
shtoh'fo

calico
kalikoto
kahlee-ko'toh

cloth
drapo
drah'po

cotton
katuno
kahtoo'no

crape
krepo
kreh'po

flannel
flanelo
flahneh'lo

flannelette
flaneleto
flahneh-leh'toh

fur
pelto
pehl'toh

lace
punto
poon'toh

leather
ledo
leh'doh

linen
tolo
toh'lo

muslin
muslino
mooss-lee'no

print
katuno
kahtoo'no

satin
atlaso
ahtlah'so

silk
silko
seel'ko

velvet
veluro
vel-oor'o

velveteen
felpo
fehl'po

wool
lano
lah'no

morning-coat
ĵako
zhah'ko

muff
mufo
moo'fo

needle
kudrilo
koo-dree'lo

overcoat
palto
pahl'toh

parasol
sunombrelo
soon-ombreh'lo

petticoat
subjupo
soob-yoo'po

pins
pingloj
peen'gloy

pocket
poŝo
po'sho

pocket-book
poŝlibro
pohsh-lee'bro

purse
monujo
mo-noo'yo

razor
razilo
rahzee'lo

ribbon
rubando
roo-bahn'doh

ring
ringo
reen'go

scissors
tondilo
tohndee'loh

sewing-cotton
kotonfadeno
ko-tohn'fah-deh'no

sewing-silk
silkfadeno
silk-fahdeh'no

shawl
ŝalo
shah'lo

shoe-horn
ŝukorno
shoo-kohr'no

shoes
ŝuoj
shoo'oy

skirt
jupo
yoo'po

sleeve
maniko
mah-nee'ko

slippers
pantofloj
pahn-toh'floy

soap
sapo
sah'po

spectacles
okulvitroj
okool-vee'troy

sponge
spongo
spohn'go

stud
kolumbutono
koloom'boo-toh'no

suit (clothes)
kompleto
kom-pleh'toh

tape
rubandeto
roobahn-deh'toh

thimble
fingringo
fin-green'go

thread
fadeno
fah-deh'no

tie, neck-tie
kravato
krah-vah'toh

tooth-powder
dentpulvoro
dent-pool-vo'ro

trousers
pantalono
pahn-tahlo'no

tunic
tuniko
too-nee'ko

umbrella
pluvombrelo
ploov-ombreh'lo

veil
vualo
voo-ah'lo

waistcoat
veŝto
vesh'toh

walking-stick
irbastono
eer-bah-sto'no

watch
poŝhorloĝo
pohsh-horlo'jo

waterproof (coat)
pluvmantelo
ploov-mahn-teh'lo

17. Washing List.
(Lavlisto.)

(For Conversations see p. 111.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Aprons | antaŭtukoj | ahn'tahw-too'koy
blankets | lanaj litkovriloj | lah'nahy leet'ko-vree'loy
blouses | bluzoj | bloo'zoy
bodices | korsaĵoj | kohr-sah'zhoy
chemises | ĉemizoj virinaj | cheh-mee'zoy vee-reen'ahy
collars, lace | puntaj kolumoj | poon'tahy ko-loo'moy
collars, linen | tolaj kolumoj | to'lahy ko-loo'moy
combinations | kombinaĵoj | kom-been-ah'zhoy
cuffs | manumoj | mah-noo'moy
drawers, pairs of | kalsonoj | kahl-so'noy
dresses | roboj | ro'boy
dressing-gowns | negliĝroboj | neh-gleej-ro'boy
dusters | viŝtukoj | veesh-too'koy
handkerchiefs, pocket | naztukoj | nahz-too'koy
—, silk | silkaj naztukoj | seel'kahy nahz-too'koy
napkins (child's) | tuketoj | tookeh'toy
neckties | kravatoj | krahvah'toy
night-shirts, -dresses | noktoĉemizoj | nok'toh-cheh-mee'zoy
flannel petticoats | flanelaj subjupoj | flaneh'lahy soobyoo'poy
pillow-cases | kapkuseningoj | kahp'koo-seh-neen'goy
pinafores | antaŭtuketoj | ahn'tahw-too-keh'toy
pyjamas (suits) | piĝamoj | pee-jah'moy
serviettes | buŝtukoj | boosh-too'koy
sheets | littukoj | leet-too'koy
shirts | ĉemizoj viraj | cheh-mee'zoy veer'ahy
sleeves | manikoj | mah-nee'koy
socks | ŝtrumpetoj | shtroom-peh'toy
stockings | ŝtrumpoj | shtroom'poy
silk stockings | silkaj ŝtrumpoj | seel'kahy shtroom'poy
table-cloths | tablotukoj | tah'blo-too'koy
towels | manviŝiloj | mahn-vee-shee'loy
under-vests | kamizoloj | kah-mee-zo'loy
waistcoats | veŝtoj | vesh'toy
—, flannel | flanelaj veŝtoj | fla-neh'lahy vesh'toy

18. The House and Furniture.
(La Domo kaj la Meblaro.)

(For Shopping see p. 108.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Ante-room
antaŭĉambro
ahn'tahw-chahm'bro

armchair
brakseĝo
brahk-seh'jo

ashes
cindro
tseen'dro

ash-pan
cindrujo
tsin-droo'yo

attic
mansardo
mahn-sahrr'doh

basket
korbo
kohrr'bo

bathroom
banĉambro
bahn-chahm'bro

bedstead, bed
lito
lee'toh

bedroom
dormoĉambro
dohr'mo-chahm'bro

bell
sonorilo
so-no-ree'lo

blind
rulkurteno
rool-koor-teh'no

bolster
transkuseno
trahns-koo-seh'no

bolt
riglilo
reeglee'lo

book
libro
lee'bro

book-case
libroŝranko
lee'bro-shrahn'ko

book-shelf
librobreto
lee'bro-breh'toh

box
skatolo
skah-toh'lo

bracket
krampobreto
krahmpo-breh'toh

brick
briko
bree'ko

broom
balailo
ba-la-ee'lo

burner
flamingo
flah-meen'go

candle
kandelo
kahn-deh'lo

candlestick
kandelingo
kahn-deh-leen'go

carpet
tapiŝo
tah-pee'sho

ceiling
plafono
plah-fo'no

cellar
kelo
keh'lo

chair, seat
seĝo
seh'jo

chamber-utensil
necesujo
neht-seh-soo'yo

chandelier, lustre
lustro
loo'stro

chest of drawers
tirkestaro
teer'kest-ah'ro

clock
horloĝo
hohrr-lo'jo

coals
karbo
kahrr'bo

couch
kanapo
kah-nah'po

counterpane
litkovrilo
leet'ko-vree'lo

court-yard
korto
kohr'toh

cradle
lulilo
loo-lee'lo

cupboard
ŝranko
shrahn'ko

curtain
kurteno
koor-teh'no

cushion
kuseno
koo-seh'no

dining-room
manĝoĉambro
mahn'jo-chahm'bro

dinner-waggon
telertablo
telehr-tah'blo

door
pordo
pohrr'doh

door-handle
anso
ahn'so

drawing-room
akcepta salono
ahk-tsep'tah sah-lo'no

dresser
telermeblo
telehr-meh'blo

feather-bed
plumlito
ploom-lee'toh

fender
fajrbarilo
fire-bah-ree'lo

fire
fajro
fah'y-ro (fire-oh)

fire-place
fajrejo
fahy-reh'yo

flame
flamo
flah'mo

floor
planko
plahn'ko

floor, story
etaĝo
ehtah'jo

footstool
skabelo
skah-beh'lo

furniture, piece of
meblo
meh'blo

garden
ĝardeno
jahr-deh'no

gas
gaso
gah'so

gas-bracket
gas-brako
gahss-brah'ko

grate
fajrujo
fahy-roo'yo

hall (entrance)
vestiblo
vestee'blo

hand-basin
lavujo
lah-voo'yo

(hearth-)rug
(kamen)tapiŝeto
(kah-mehn') tah-pee-sheh'toh

house
domo
doh'mo

key
ŝlosilo
shlo-see'lo

kitchen
kuirejo
koo-ee-reh'yo

lamp
lampo
lahm'po

landing
etaĝ-placeto
ehtahj'plaht'seh'toh

larder
manĝaĵejo
mahn-jah-zheh'yo

latch
levriglilo
lehv-reeglee'lo

library
biblioteko
bib-lee-o-teh'ko

linoleum
linolo
lee-no'lo

lock
seruro
seh-roo'ro

mantel-piece
kamenbreto
kah-mehn'breh'toh

mat
mato
mah'toh

mattress
matraco
maht-raht'so

oil-cloth
vakstolo
vahks-toh'lo

ornament
ornamo
ohr-nah'mo

passage
trairejo
trah-eer-eh'yo

piano
fortepiano
fohrr-teh-pee-ah'no

picture
bildo
beel'doh

pillow
kapkuseno
kahp'koo-seh'no

poker
fajrincitilo
fire-int-sit-ee'lo

porch
portiko
pohr-tee'ko

rack (for dishes, &c.)
raŭfo
rahw'fo

roof
tegmento
teg-mehn'toh

room
ĉambro
chahm'bro

screen
skreno
skreh'no

scullery
vazlavejo
vahz'lah-veh'yo

shovel
ŝovelilo
sho-veh-lee'lo

sideboard
bufedo
boo-feh'do

sink
pladlavujo
plahd-lah-voo'yo

smoke
fumo
foo'mo

sofa
sofo
so'fo

soot
fulgo
fool'go

spark
fajrero
fahy-reh'ro

staircase
ŝtuparo
shtoo-pahr'o

stairs, steps
la ŝtupoj
lah shtoo'poy

suite (of rooms)
apartamento
ahpahrr-tah-mehn'toh

table
tablo
tah'blo

tapestry
tapeto
tah-peh'toh

tile (of roof)
tegolo
teh-go'lo

umbrella-stand
ombrelujo
ohm-breh-loo'yo

vase
vazo
vah'zo

wall
muro
moo'ro

wall-paper
murpapero
moor-pa-peh'roh

water-closet (w.c.)
necesejo
neht-seh-seh'yo

window
fenestro
fen-eh'stro

writing-desk
pupitro
poo-pee'tro

19. Travelling: By Road & Rail.
(La Vojaĝado: per Vojo kaj Fervojo.)

(For Conversations, see p. 95.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Arrival
alveno
ahl-veh'no

bill
kalkulo
kahl-koo'lo

booking-office
biletejo
beeleht-eh'yo

box (of carriage)
kondukseĝo
kondook-seh'jo

brake
bremso
brehm'so

bridle
brido
bree'doh

cabman, coachman
veturigisto
vehtoo-ree-ghist'o

carriage
kaleŝo
kahleh'sho

change, to
vagonŝanĝi
vah-gohn-shahn'jee

cloak-room
deponejo
deh-po-neh'yo

coach
diliĝenco
dee-lee-jehnt'so

coffee-room
kafejo
kah-feh'yo

communication-cord
danĝerŝnuro
dahn-jehr-shnoor'o

compartment
kupeo
koo-peh'o

conductor
konduktoro
kon-dooktoh'ro

cushion
kuseno
koo-seh'no

custom-house
dogano
doh-gah'no

custom-house officer
doganisto
doh-gah-nist'o

departure
ekveturo
ek-vehtoo'ro

electric, electrical
elektra
eh-lehk'tra

electricity
elektro
eh-lehk'tro

embankment (rail.)
taluso
tah-loo'so

engine
lokomotivo
lo-komo-tee'vo

entrance
enirejo
eneer-eh'yo

excursion
ekskurso
eks-koorr'so

exit
elirejo
ehleer-eh'yo

express (train)
ekspreso
eks-preh'so

fare
veturprezo
vehtoor-preh'zo

fast train
rapidira vagonaro
rahpee-dee'rah vahgo-nah'ro

foot-warmer
piedvarmigilo
pee-ehd'vahrmee-ghee'lo

full
plena
pleh'na

guide
gvidisto
gvee-dist'o

guide-book
gvidlibro
gveed'lee'bro

hansom-cab
fiakro
fee-ah'kro

hat-box
ĉapelujo
chah-peh-loo'yo

hotel
hotelo
ho-teh'lo

inside (of vehicle)
interno
in-tehr'no

interpreter
interpretisto
intehr-preh-tist'o

journey
vojaĝo
vo-yah'jo

journey (train, etc.)
veturo
vehtoo'ro

junction
vojkuniĝo
voy'koonee'jo

key
ŝlosilo
shlo-see'lo

label
etikedo
eh-tikeh'doh

landlady
mastrino
mah-stree'no

landlord
mastro
mah'stro

lavatory
lavejo
lah-veh'yo

lodging
loĝejo
lo-jeh'yo

luggage
pakaĵoj
pah-kah'zhoy

motor
motoro
mo-tohr'o

motor 'bus
motorbuso
mo-tohr-boo'so

motor-car
aŭtomobilo
ahw-toh-mo-bee'lo

omnibus
omnibuso
omnee-boo'so

outside (of vehicle)
imperialo
impeh-ree-ah'lo

package
pakaĵo
pah-kah'zho

payment
pago
pah'go

platform
fervoja perono
fehr-vo'yah peh-ro'no

porter
portisto
pohr-tist'o

portmanteau
valizo
vah-lee'zo

rack (for parcels, &c.)
raŭfo
rah'w-fo

railway
fervojo
fehr-vo'jo

railway-carriage
vagono
vah-go'no

railway-station
fervoja stacio
fehr-vo'yah staht-see'oh

receipt
kvitanco
kvitahnt'so

reins
kondukiloj, gvidrimenoj
kondoo-kee'loy, gveed'ri-meh'noy

reserved
rezervita
rehzehr-vee'ta

rug
tegilo
teh-ghee'lo

saddle
selo
seh'lo

seat
loko
lo'ko

signal
signalo
seeg-nah'lo

start, the
la ekveturo
la ek-veh-too'ro

station-master
staciestro
staht-see-est'ro

strap
rimeno
ree-meh'no

terminus
finstacio
feen-staht-see'oh

ticket
bileto
beeleh'toh

time-table
veturhoraro
vehtoor'horah'ro

tour
rondvojaĝo
rohnd-voyah'jo

tourist
turist-o, -ino
toor-ist'o, -ee'no

track
relvojo
rehl-vo'yo

train
vagonaro
vah-go-nah'ro

tram-car
tramveturilo
trahm'vehtoor-ee'lo

tramway
tramvojo
trahm-vo'yo

travel, to (train, &c.)
veturi
vehtoo'ree

trunk
kofro
ko'fro

tube (railway)
tubfervojo
toob-fehr-vo'yo

tunnel
tunelo
too-neh'lo

underground
subtera
soob-teh'rah

valise, hand-bag
valizeto
vah-leezeh'toh

waiter
kelnero
kel-nehr'o

waiting-room
atendejo
ahtehn-deh'yo

20. Travelling: by Ship.
(Marveturado.)

(For Conversations see p. 97.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Alongside, to come
albordiĝi
ahlbohrdee'jee

anchor
ankro
ahn'kro

berth
dormujo
dorr-moo'yo

boat
boato
bo-ah'toh

boiler
kaldrono
kahl-dro'no

bow
antaŭo
antah'wo

buoy
buo
boo'oh

cabin
kajuto
kah-yoo'toh

cable
kablo
kah-blo

captain
kapitano
kahpee-tah'no

compass
kompaso
kom-pah'so

crane
argano
ahrrgah'no

crew
ŝipanaro
sheepah-nah'ro

deck
ferdeko
fehr-deh'ko

disembark
elŝipiĝi
el-shipee'jee

dock
doko
do'ko

to embark
enŝipiĝi
en-shipee'jee

engineer
maŝinisto
mahshee-nist'o

fishing-boat
fiŝbarko
feesh-bahr'ko

flag
flago
flah'go

gangway
pasponteto
pahss'pon-teh'toh

harbour, port
haveno
hahveh'no

helm, rudder
direktilo
deerek-tee'lo

hold
holdo
hohl'do

to land
surteriĝi
soortehr-ee'jee

landing-stage, pier
enŝipiĝejo
en-shipee-jeh'yo

life-belt
savzono
sahv-zo'no

life-boat
savŝipo
sahv-shee'po

lighthouse
lumturo
loom-toor'o

mast
masto
mah'sto

oar
remilo
reh-mee'lo

paddle-wheel
padelrado
pah-dehl-rah'doh

passenger
pasaĝero
pah-sah-jehr'o

pilot
piloto
pee-loh'toh

port-hole
fenestreto
fehneh-streh'toh

quay
kajo
kah'yo

rope
ŝnuro
shnoor'o

sail
velo
veh'lo

sailing-ship
velŝipo
vehl-shee'po

saloon, first class
unua klaso
oonoo'ah klah'so

screw-propeller
pelŝraŭbo, helico
pehl-shrahw'bo, heh-leet'so

seaman, sailor
maristo
mahr-ist'o

ship
ŝipo
shee'po

start, to
ekveturi
ek-vehtoor'ee

steam-boat, -ship
vaporŝipo
vahpohr-shee'po

steerage, third class
tria klaso
tree'ah klah'so

steersman
direktilisto
deerek-tee-list'o

stern
posto
post'o

steward
provizisto
pro-vee-zist'o

stewardess
servistino
sehr-vis-tee'no

tug
trenŝipo
trehn-shee'po

voyage
vojaĝo
vo-yah'jo

21. Countries & Nations.4
(Landoj kaj Nacioj.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Africa
Afriko
ah-free'ko

America
Ameriko
ah-mehree'ko

American
Amerikano
ah-mehree-kah'no

Asia
Azio
ah-zee'oh

Australia
Aŭstralio
ahw-strahlee'oh

Austria
Aŭstrio
ahw-stree'oh

Belgium
Belgujo
belhgoo'yo

Canada
Kanado
kahnah'doh

China
Ĥinujo
kheenoo'yo

Chinese, the
la Ĥinoj
la khee'noy

Denmark
Danujo
dahnoo'yo

Dutchman
Holandano
holahn-dah'no

empire
imperio
impeh-ree'oh

England
Anglujo
ahn-gloo'yo

English, the
la Angloj
la ahn'gloy

Englishman
Anglo
ahn'glo

Europe
Eŭropo
ehw-ro'po

France
Francujo
frahnt-soo'yo

French, the
la Francoj
la frahnt'soy

Frenchman
Franco
frahnt'so

German
Germano
ghehrr-mah'no

Germany
Germanujo
ghehrr-mahnoo'yo

Holland
Holando
holahn'doh

India
Indio
indee'oh

Ireland
Irlando
eerrlahn'doh

Irish, the
la Irlandanoj
la eerrlahn-dah'noy

Irishman
Irlandano
eerlahn-dah'no

Italian
Italo
eetah'lo

Italy
Italujo
eetahloo'yo

Japan
Japanujo
yah-pahnoo'yo

Japanese, the
la Japanoj
la yahpah'noy

kingdom
regno
rehg'no

Norway
Norvegujo
norrveh-goo'yo

republic
respubliko
rehspooblee'ko

Russia
Rusujo
roosoo'yo

Scotland
Skotujo
sko-too'yo

Scotch, the
la Skotoj
la sko'toy

Scotchman
Skoto
sko'to

Spain
Hispanujo
hispah-noo'yo

United States, the
la Unuigitaj Ŝtatoj
la oonooee-ghee'tahy shtah'toy

Sweden
Svedujo
svehdoo'yo

Switzerland
Svisujo
svisoo'yo

Turkey
Turkujo
toorkoo'yo

Wales
Kimrujo
kimroo'yo

Welsh, the
la Kimroj
la kim'roy

22. Recreation and Amusement.
(La Ludado kaj Amuzado.)

(For Conversations see p. 112.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Ball (dance)
balo
bah'lo

balloon
balono
bahloh'no

balloonist
aerostatisto
ah-ehro-stah-tist'o

circus
cirko
tseerr'ko

concert
koncerto
kont-sehr'toh

accompanist
akompanist-o, -ino
ahkompah-nist'o, -ee'no

audience
aŭdantaro
ahwdahn-tah'ro

bass
baso
bah'so

chorus (singers)
ĥoro
khoh'ro

conductor
orkestrestro
orkest-rest'ro

instruments
instrumentoj
instroo-mehn'toy

—, brass
latunaj instrumentoj
lah-too'nahy instroo-mehn'toy

—, reed
anĉinstrumentoj
ahnch'instroo-mehn'toy

—, string
kordinstrumentoj
kohrrd'instroomehn'toy

music
muziko
moo-zee'ko

organ
orgeno
ohr-geh'no

pianist
fortepianist-o, -ino
fohr'teh-pee-ahn-ist'o, -een'o

piano
fortepiano
fohr'teh-pee-ah'no

programme
programo
pro-grah'mo

recital
muzika seanco
moozee'kah seh-ahnt'so

recitation
deklamo
deh-klah'mo

seats
benkoj
behn'koy

—, (un)reserved
(ne)rezervitaj lokoj
(neh)rehzehr-vee'tahy lo'koy

singer
kantant-o, -ino
kahntahnt'-o, -een'o

—, (professional)
kantist-o, -ino
kahntist'-o, -een'o

solo; duet
solo; duo
solo; doo'oh

song
kanto
kahn'toh

soprano
soprano
so-prah'no

tenor
tenoro
teh-nohr'o

ticket
bileto
beeleh'toh

violin
violono
vee-ohlo'no

exhibition
ekspozicio
eks-pozit-see'oh

fête
festo
feh'sto

flower-show
flor-ekspozicio
flohr'eks-pozit-see'o

flying machine
aerveturilo
ah-ehr'veh-tooree'lo

limelight-views
lumprojekcioj
loom'pro-yekt-see'oy

museum
muzeo
moo-zeh'o

picture-gallery
bildogalerio
bil'doh-galeh-ree'o

refreshment-room
bufedo
boo-feh'doh

sports and games
sportoj kaj ludoj
spor'toy kahy loo'doy

bathing; to bathe
banado; bani
ba-nah'doh; bah'nee

billiards
bilardo
bilahr'doh

boating, to go
promeni boate
pro-meh'nee bo-ah'teh

box, to
boksi
bok'see

boxing-match
vetbokso
veht-bok'so

chess
ŝako
shah'ko

cricket
kriketo
krikeh'toh

draughts
damoj
dah'moy

fishing
fiŝkaptado
fish'kahptah'doh

to fish
fiŝ-kapti
fish-kahp'tee

to go fishing
iri fiŝkapti
ee'ree fish-kahp'tee

fishing-line
hokfadeno
hohk'fahdeh'no

fishing-net
fiŝreto
fish-reh'toh

fishing-rod
fiŝkaptilo
fish-kahp-tee'lo

hunting; to hunt
ĉasado; ĉasi
chahsah'doh; chah'see

fox-hunt
vulpĉaso
voolp-chah'so

huntsman
ĉasisto
chahsist'o

match
vetludo
veht-loo'doh

playing; to play
ludado; ludi
loo-dah'doh; loo'dee

races
ĉevalkuroj
chehvahl-koo'roy

grand-stand
ĉeftribuno
chehf-triboo'no

jockey
ĵokeo
zho-keh'o

race-course
vetkurejo
veht-koo-reh'yo

rowing; to row
remado; remi
reh-mah'doh; reh'mee

shooting
pafĉasado
pahf-chah-sah'doh

ammunition
municio
moonit-see'o

bullet, ball
kuglo
koo'glo

cartridge
kartoĉo
kahr-toh'cho

game-bag
ĉasosako
chah'so-sah'ko

gun
pafilo
pah-fee'lo

shot
pafaĵo
pah-fah'zho

to shoot
pafi
pah'fee

skating; to skate
glitumado; glitumi
glitoomah'doh; glitoo'mee

spectator
spektatoro
spek-tah-tohr'o

swimming; to swim
naĝado; naĝi
najah'do; nah'jee

tennis
teniso
tehnee'so

to wrestle
lukti
look'tee

tent
tendo
tehn'doh

theatre
teatro
teh-ah'tro

act
akto
ahk'toh

—, to
ludi rolon
loo'dee ro'lohn

actor, actress
aktoro, aktorino
ahktohr'o, ahktoree'no

auditorium
aŭditorio
ahw-ditohr-ee'o

ballet
baleto
baleh'toh

boxes
loĝioj
lo-jee'oy

box-office
lokoficejo
loh'ko-fit-seh'yo

cloak-room
deponejo
dehponeh'yo

comedian
komediisto
komeh-dee-ist'o

curtain
kurteno
koor-teh'no

dance
danco
dahnt'so

dancer
dancist-o, -ino
dahntsist'-o, -een'o

exit
elirejo
ehlee-reh'yo

footlights
planklampoj
plahnk-lahm'poy

gallery
galerio
galeh-ree'o

manager
direktoro
deerektoh'ro

music-hall
muzikhalo
moozeek-ha'lo

opera
opero
opeh'ro

opera-glasses
lorno
lohrr'no

opera-house
operejo
opeh-reh'yo

orchestra, band
orkestro
orkest'ro

pit
partero
pahr-tehr'o

play
teatraĵo
teh-atrah'zho

scene
sceno
stseh'no

scenery (theat.)
scenpentraĵo
stsehn-pentrah'zho

stage
scenejo
stseh-neh'yo

stage-manager
reĝisoro
reh-jee-sohr'o

stalls
foteloj (orkestraj)
fo-teh'loy (orkest'rahy)

23. Cycling.
(Ciklismo.)

(See also Motoring, following, and Conversations pp. 114 to 116.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Accessories
akcesoraĵoj
ahk-tseh-sorah'zhoy

acetylene
acetileno
aht-sehtee-leh'no

axle
akso
ahk'so

back-pedal, to
retropedali
reh'tro-pehdah'lee

ball bearings
kuglokusenoj
koo'glo-koo-seh'noy

bell
tintilo
tin-tee'lo

bicycle
biciklo
bit-see'klo

bolt (screw-)
bolto
bohl'toh

brake
bremso
brehm'so

cement
cemento
tseh-mehn'toh

chain
ĉeno
cheh'no

chainless
senĉena
sen-cheh'nah

chain-regulator
ĉenĝustigilo
chehn'joostig-ee'lo

chain-wheel
granda dentrado
grahn'da dent-rah'doh

clutch
konektumo
kohnek-too'mo

cone
konuso
ko-noo'so

crank
kranko
krahn'ko

crank-pin
krankokejlo
krahn'ko-keh'y-lo

crooked
malrekta
mahlrek'tah

cycle-shop
biciklobutiko
bitsee'klo-boo-tee'ko

cycling race
vetbiciklado
veht'bitsee-klah'doh

cycling track
bicikla dromo
bitsee'klah dro'mo

cyclist
(bi)ciklisto
(bee)tsee-klist'o

lady cyclist
(bi)ciklistino
(bee)tsee-klist-ee'no

cyclometer
ciklometro
tsee-klo-meh'tro

detachable
deprenebla
deh-preneh'blah

dismount, to
deseliĝi
deh-seh-lee'jee

dress-guard
robŝirmilo
rohb'sheer-mee'lo

duster
viŝilo
veeshee'lo

electro-plate, to
nikeli
neekeh'lee

enamel, to
emajli
emah'y-lee

foot-rests
piedapogiloj
pee-ehd'apoh-ghee'loy

foot-step
ŝtupo
shtoo'po

fork
forko
fohr-ko

frame
kadro
kah'dro

free-wheel
libera rado
leebeh'ra rah'doh

free-wheel, to
liberiri
leebeh-ree'ree

friction
frotado
fro-tah'doh

gear
rapidumo
rahpee-doo'mo

high gear
granda rapidumo
grahn'da rahpeedoo'mo

low gear
malgranda rapidumo
mahl-grahn'da rahpee-doo'mo

two-speed gear
du-rapidumo
doo'rahpee-doo'mo

gear-case
ĉenujo
cheh-noo'yo

geared to
kun rapidumo de…
koon rahpeedoo'mo deh

gearing
dentaĵo
dentah'zho

handle-bar
gvidilo
gveedee'lo

handles, grips
tenilo
teh-nee'lo

hub
aksingo
ahk-seen'go

indiarubber
kaŭĉuko
kahw-choo'ko

indiarubber solution
kaŭĉuka solvaĵo
kahw-choo'ka sol-vah'zho

inner tube
interna tubo
intehr'nah too'bo

lamp
lanterno
lantehr'no

lamp-bracket
lanternhoko
lahn-tehrn'ho'ko

lamp-wick
meĉo
meh'cho

light up, to
lumigi
loo-mee'ghee

link
ĉenero
cheh-neh'ro

lubricator
olekapsulo
oleh'kapsoo'lo

lubricator protector
kapsulkovrilo
kapsool'ko-vree'lo

luggage-carrier
pakportilo
pahk'pohr-tee'lo

map
landkarto
lahnd-kar'toh

mount, to
surseliĝi
soor-sehl-ee'jee

mudguard
kotkaptilo
koht-kaptee'lo

nut
ŝraŭbingo
shrahw-been'go

nut, safety-
fiksa ŝraŭbingo
feek'sa shrahw-been'go

oil for burning
lumoleo
loom-oleh'o

—, lubricating
ŝmiroleo
shmeer-oleh'o

oil-can
oleujeto
ohleh-oo-yeh'toh

outer cover
volvaĵo
vohl-vah'zho

pedal
pedalo
peh-dah'lo

pedal-rubber
pedalkaŭĉuko
pedahl'kahw-choo'ko

pedal-brake
pedala bremso
peh-dah'la brehm'so

pneumatic tyre
pneŭmatika bendo
pnehw-matee'ka behn'doh

pump
pumpilo
poom-pee'lo

pump up, to
ŝveligi
shveh-leeg'ee

pump-tube
pumpiltubo
poom-peel-too'bo

to put together, fit up to
munti
moon'tee

rag
ĉifono
chifo'no

repair, to
ripari
ripah'ree

repairing outfit
riparilaro
ripah-ree-lah'ro

ride a bicycle, to
bicikli
bit-see'klee

rim
radrondo
rahd-rohn'doh

rim-brake
radronda bremso
rahd-rohn'da brehm'so

rivet
vinkto
vink'toh

saddle
selo
seh'lo

saddle-bag
selsaketo
sehl'sah-keh'toh

saddle-pillar
selkolono
sehl-kolo'no

screw
ŝraŭbo
shrahw'-bo

screw, to
ŝraŭbi
shrahw'-bee

screw-bolt of chain
ĉenbolto
chehn-bohl'toh

screwdriver
ŝraŭbturnilo
shrahwb-toor-nee'lo

spanner
ŝraŭbilo
shrahw-bee'lo

spokes
radioj
rah-dee'oy

spring
risorto
risohr'toh

start, to
ekiri
ekeer'ee

steer, to
gvidi
gvee'dee

strap
rimeno
reemeh'no

take to pieces, to
malmunti
mahl-moon'tee

tighten up, to
streĉi
streh'chee

toe-clip
piedingo
pee-ehd-een'go

tricycle
triciklo
tritsee'klo

trousers-clip
pantalonpinĉilo
pantalohn'pin-chee'lo

unscrew, to
malŝraŭbi
mahl-shrahw'-bee

valve
valvo
vahl'vo

valve-cap
valvkovrilo
vahlv'ko-vree'lo

valve-tubing
valvtubaĵo
vahlv'too-bah'zho

wheel, back
posta rado
po'stah rah'doh

—, front
antaŭa rado
antah'wah rah'doh

24. Motoring.
(Aŭtomobilismo.)

(See also Cycling above, and Conversations pp. 114 to 116.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Accumulator
akumulatoro
ahkoomoo-lahtohr'o

battery
baterio
bahteh-ree'oh

brake-collar
bremsorubando
brehm'so-roobahn'doh

break down (stop), to
panei
pahneh'ee

cam
kamo
kah'mo

carburator
karburatoro
karboo-rahtohr'o

chain adjustment
ĉenĝustigilo
chehn-joosti-ghee'lo

charge, to
ŝargi
shahr'ghee

chassis
ĉasio
chah-see'oh

chauffeur, driver
veturigisto
vehtoo-reeghist'oh

claw
ungo
oon'go

contact-breaker (trembler)
kontakt-rompilo
kontahkt'-rompee'lo

driving pinion
pelrado
pehl-rah'doh

elbow
kubuto
kooboo'toh

electric motor
elektra motoro
ehlek'tra motohr'o

evaporate, to
vaporiĝi
vahpohr-ee'jee

exhaust
gasforfluo
gahss-fohrfloo'oh

exhaust-box (silencer)
silentigujo
seelehn-tigoo'yo

exhaust-valve
forflua valvo
fohrfloo'ah vahl'vo

feed-pump
nutro-pumpilo
noo'tro-poompee'lo

fill, to
plenigi
plehnee'ghee

flaw
difektaĵo
difek-tah'zho

fly-wheel
inertrado
in-ehrt-rah'doh

garage
remizo
rehmee'zo

gas
gaso
gah'so

generator
generatoro
ghenehrahtohr'o

goggles
okulvitroj
okool-vee'troy

gradient
deklivo
dehklee'vo

handle
tenilo
tehnee'lo

hooter
blekilo
blehkee'lo

horse-power
ĉevalpovo
chehvahl-po'vo

ignition
ignito, ignitigilo
ignee'toh, igniteeghee'lo

leakage
ellaso
el-lah'so

lever
levilo
lehvee'lo

motor
motoro
mohtohr'o

— car
aŭtomobilo
ahwtomobee'lo

— lamp
lanterno
lahn-tehr'no

packing
stupo
stoo'po

petrol
petrolo
pehtro'lo

pressure, high
altpremo
alt-preh'mo

—, low
malaltpremo
mahlalt-preh'mo

rack (lifter)
rako
rah'ko

reservoir, tank
rizervujo
rizehr-voo'yo

reversing lever
irmaligilo
eer'mahleeghee'lo

spare tyre
krom-bendo
krohm-behn'doh

spark
sparko
spahr'ko

sparking-plug
sparkilo
spahrkee'lo

speed, full
plena rapideco
pleh'na rahpideht'so

—, high
granda rapideco
grahn'da rahpideht'so

—, low
malgranda rapideco
mahlgrahn'da rapideht'so

speed-changing gear
rapidŝanĝa mekanismo
rahpeed-shahn'jah mekanis'mo

starting-gear
ekiriga mekanismo
ekeeree'gah mekanees'mo

starting handle
ekirigilo
eh-keereeghee'lo

steering bar
gvidstango
gveed-stahn'go

tap
krano
krah'no

throw into gear, to
konekti
konek'tee

throw out of gear, to
malkonekti
mahlkonek'tee

25. Photography.
(La Fotografarto.)

(For Conversations see p. 117.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Amateur
amatoro
amah-tohr'o

background
fono
fo'no

—, cloth
tola fono
toh'la fo'no

backing paper
fonpapero
fohn-papehr'o

bath, positive
pozitiva bano
pozitee'va bah'no

—, silver
arĝentbano
arjehnt-bah'no

bulb
bulbo
bool'bo

bulging
konveksigo
konvek-see'go

burnisher
polurilo
poloor-ee'lo

cameo
kameo
kameh'o

camera
fotografilo, kamero
foto-grafee'lo, kameh'ro

— bellows
balgo
bahl'go

camera, hand
mankamero
mahnkamehr'o

—, stand
stativkamero
stateev'kamehr'o

cutting moulds
tranĉkalibrilo
trahnch'kalibree'lo

dark-room lamp
ruĝa lanterno
roo'jah lantehr'no

dark slide (double)
kaseto (duobla)
kahseh'toh (doo-oh'bla)

developing
rivelado
reeveh-lah'do

dipper
trempilo
trehm-pee'lo

dishes
kuvetoj
koo-veh'toy

— for developing
rivelkuvetoj
rivehl'koo-veh'toy

— for fixing
fikskuvetoj
fiks-koo-veh'toy

— for toning
tonigbanoj
toh-neeg-bah'noy

draining rack
sekigilo
sekighee'lo

dry plates
sekaj platoj
seh'kahy plah'toy

enlargement
pligrandigo
plee-grandee'go

exposure
espozo
espo'zo

—, snap
momenta espozo
momehn'ta espozo

—, time
daŭra espozo
dahw'rah espo'zo

fade, to
malnetiĝi
mahl-netee'jee

flash lamp
magnezia lumigilo
magneh-zee'ah loomi-ghee'lo

films
filmoj
feel'moy

fixing
fiksado
fik-sah'doh

focus
fokuso
fo-koo'so

focus, to
enfokusigi
enfo-koo-see'ghee

focussing glasses
lupeo
loopeh'o

funnel
funelo
fooneh'lo

glass measure
gradigita mezurilo
gradee-ghee'ta mezoo-ree'lo

half-length
duonlonga
doo-ohn-lohn'gah

half-tone
duontono
doo-ohn-toh'no

intensifying
densigo
den-see'go

iris diaphragm
irisdiafragmo
eereess-dee-afrahg'mo

lens
lenso
lehn'so

—, cap of
lenskovrilo
lehnss-kovree'lo

mount, to
munti
moon'tee

negative
negativo
nehgah-tee'vo

over-exposed
hiperespozita
heepehr-espo-zee'ta

photograph
fotografaĵo
foto-grafah'zho

photographer
fotografisto
foto-grahfist'o

plate
plato
plah'to

plate-holder
platkaseto
plaht-kaseh'toh

plate-lifter
platlevilo
plaht-leh-vee'lo

platinotypes
platinotipoj
plah-teeno-tee'poy

printing
impresi
impreh'see

printing frame
premkaseto
prehm-kaseh'toh

printing-out paper
senrivela papero
sen-reeveh'la papeh'ro

scales and weights
pesilo kaj peziloj
pehsee'loh kahy pehzee'loy

sensitised
impresebla
impreh-seh'blah

shutter
obturatoro
obtoo-rah-tor'o

snap-shot
maldaŭra kapto
mahldahw'rah kahp'toh

speed indicator
daŭrindikilo
dahw'r-indikee'lo

spirit-level
nivelilo
neeveh-lee'lo

spot, stain
makulo
makoo'lo

squeegee
senakvigilo
sen-ahkvee-gee'lo

stand
stativo
statee'vo

transparent
diafana
dee-afah'nah

tripods (twofold)
tripiedo (faldebla)
tree-pee-eh'doh (fahl-deh'bla)

under-exposed
subespozita
soob'espo-zee'tah

varnishing
lakizo
lah-kee'zoh

view-finder
celilo
tseh-lee'lo

vignetting-board
duonombrigilo
doo-ohn'ombrighee'lo

26. Religion.
(Religio.)

(For Conversations, see p. 118.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Absolution
absolvo
absohl'vo

aisle
flanknavo
flahnk-nah'vo

altar
altaro
altah'ro

baptism
bapto
bahp'toh

belfry
sonorilejo
sonoh-reeleh'yo

Bible
Biblio
biblee'oh

breviary
breviero
brehvee-ehr'o

burial
enterigo
entehree'go

cardinal
kardinalo
kar-deenah'lo

cathedral
katedralo
kateh-drah'lo

cemetery
tombejo
tombeh'yo

chapel
kapelo
kahpeh'lo

choir (place)
ĥorejo
khoreh'yo

choir (singers)
ĥoro
khoh'ro

Christian
kristano
kris-tah'no

Christianity
kristanismo
kristah-nees'mo

church
preĝejo
preh-jeh'yo

Church (as a body)
la Eklezio
la eklehzee'oh

clergyman
ekleziulo
eklehzee-oo'lo

Communion
komunio
komoonee'oh

confession
konfeso
kon-feh'so

congregation
adorantaro
adohrahn-tah'ro

convent
monaĥejo
monakheh'yo

Creator, the
Kreinto
kreh-in'toh

cross
kruco
kroot'so

crucifix
krucifikso
kroot-sifik'so

fast-day
fastotago
fah'sto-tah'go

festival
festo
feh'sto

font
baptujo
bahp-too'yo

funeral
funebra ceremonio
fooneh'brah tsereh-mo-nee'oh

God
Dio
dee'oh

heaven
ĉielo
chee-eh'lo

hell
infero
infehr'o

Holy Ghost (Spirit)
la Sankta Spirito
la sahnk'ta speeree'toh

hymn; -book
himno; himnaro
him'no; him-nah'ro

lectern
legpupitro
lehg-poopee'tro

litany
litanio
litahnee'oh

liturgy
liturgio
litoorghee'oh

Lord, the
la Sinjoro
la sinyoh'ro

mass, high
alta meso
ahl'tah meh'so

—, low
malalta meso
mal-ahl'tah meh'so

matins
matenpreĝoj
mahtehn-preh'joy

missal
meslibro
mehss-lee'bro

nave
navo
nah'vo

offertory (R.C.)
ofertorio
ohfehr-toree'oh

— (collection)
monkolekto
mohn-kolek'toh

papal
papa
pah'pa

penance
pentofaro
pehn'toh-fah'ro

pew
benko
behn'ko

Pope
Papo
pah'po

prayer
preĝo
preh'jo

prayer-book
preĝaro
prehjah'ro

priest, pastor
pastro
pah'stro

Protestant
Protestanto
proteh-stahn'toh

pulpit
katedro
kateh'dro

Roman Catholic
Romkatoliko
rohm'katohlee'ko

sacrament
sakramento
sakrah-mehn'toh

salvation
savo
sah'vo

Saviour, the
la Savinto
la sahveen'toh

sermon
prediko
prehdee'ko

service, divine
diservo
dee-sehr'vo

service, evening
vespera diservo
vespeh'ra dee-sehr'vo

—, morning
matena diservo
mateh'na dee-sehr'vo

sitting, seat
sidloko
seed-lo'ko

synagogue
sinagogo
sinahgo'go

tabernacle
tabernaklo
tabehr-nah'klo

transept
transepto
trahnsehp'toh

truth
vero
vehr'o

verger
pedelo
pehdeh'lo

vespers
vesperpreĝoj
vespehr-preh'joy

vestry, sacristy
sakristio
sakris-tee'oh

worship
adorado
adoh-rah'do

worship, to
adori
adoh'ree

27. Professions and Trades.
(Profesioj kaj Metioj)

(For Shopping, etc., see pp. 108 to 111.)

Note.—The names of workers in the various trades and professions are formed by adding the suffix -ist to the root-word. Thus: vendi, to sell—vendisto, a salesman; lampo, a lamp—lampvendisto, a lamp-seller, lampfaristo, a lamp manufacturer; maro, sea—maristo, a sailor; akrigi, to sharpen—akrigisto, a grinder, etc.

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Architect
arĥitekto
arkhitek'toh

artist
artisto
artist'o

baker
bakisto
bah-kist'o

banker
bankiero
bahnkee-ehr'o

barber
barbiro
barbeer'o

bookseller
librovendisto
lee'bro-vendisto

butcher
buĉisto
boo-chist'o

carpenter, joiner
ĉarpentisto
charr-pehntist'o

chambermaid
ĉambristino
chahmbristee'no

chemist
farmaciisto
fahrmaht-see-ist'o

clerk
skribisto
skreebist'o

compositor
kompostisto
kom-postist'o

confectioner
konfitisto
konfeetist'o

consul
konsulo
kon-soo'lo

cook
kuirist-o, -ino
koo-eerist'-o, -ee'no

editor
redaktoro
redahk-tohr'o

engineer
inĝeniero
injehnee-ehr'o

fisherman
fiŝkaptisto
fish'kaptist'o

fishmonger
fiŝvendisto
fish'vendist'o

florist
floristo
flo-rist'o

fruiterer
fruktovendisto
frook'toh-vendist'o

glazier
vitristo
veetrist'o

goldsmith
oraĵisto
ohrah-zhist'o

governess
guvernistino
goovehr-nistee'no

greengrocer
legomvendisto
legohm'vendist'o

grocer
spicisto
speet-sist'o

hairdresser
frizisto
free-zist'o

hatter
ĉapelisto
chapeh-list'o

hosier
ŝtrumpaĵisto
shtroompah-zhist'o

ironmonger
feraĵvendisto
fehrahzh'vendist'o

jeweller
juvelisto
yoo-veh-list'o

journalist
ĵurnalisto
zhoor-nalist'o

labourer
penlaboristo
pehn'labohrist'o

lawyer
advokato
ahdvokah'toh

maid-servant
servistino
sehr-vistee'no

man-servant
servisto
sehr-vist'o

mason
masonisto
mahsonist'o

mechanic
maŝinisto
mahsheenist'o

merchant
negocisto
negoht-sist'o

miller
muelisto
moo-ehlist'o

mother's-help
helpistino
helpistee'no

nurse
flegistino
fleh-ghistee'no

nursemaid
vartistino
vahrtistee'no

optician
optikisto
opteekist'o

plumber
plumbisto
ploombist'o

policeman
policano5
polit-sah'no

printer
presisto
preh-sist'o

saddler
selisto
sehlist'o

shoemaker
ŝuisto
shoo-ist'o

shopkeeper
butikisto
bootikist'o

smith
forĝisto
fohrjist'o

stationer
paperaĵisto
pa-perah-zhist'o

student
studento
stoodehn'toh

tailor
tajloro
tahy-loh'ro

teacher
instruisto
instroo-ist'o

tobacconist
tabakvendisto
tabahk'vendist'o

tradesman
komercisto
komehrt-sist'o

tutor
guvernisto
goovehrnist'o

waiter, waitress
kelnero, kelnerino
kelneh'ro, kel-nehr-ee'no

workman
laboristo
labohrist'o

28. Legal Terms.
(Leĝaj Terminoj.)

(For Conversations see p. 123.)

English
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Accused, the
la akuzato
la ahkoozah'toh

acquittal
malakuzo
mahlahkoo'zo

to advance (money)
pruntedoni
proon'teh-doh-nee

agreement, an
kontrakto
kontrahk'toh

alibi, an
alibio
ahleebee'oh

allege, to
alegi
ahleh'ghee

apology, an
pardonpeto
pahrdohn-peh'toh

appeal; to —
apelo; apeli
ahpeh'lo; ahpeh'lee

arrangement, agreement
interkonsento
in'tehr-konsehn'toh

arrears
restantaj ŝuldoj
rehstahn'tahy shool'doy

arrest, to
aresti
ahreh'stee

attest, to
atesti
ahteh'stee

attorney
prokuratoro
prokoorah-toh'ro

authorise, to
rajtigi
rahy-tee'ghee

award, an
aljuĝo
ahl-yoo'jo

award, to
aljuĝi
ahl-yoo'jee

bail
kaŭcio
kahwtsee'oh

bailiff
juĝplenumisto
yooj'plehnoomist'oh

bond (for loan)
pruntkontrakto
proont'kontrahk'toh

case (suit)
proceso
prohtseh'so

charge, to
akuzi
ahkoo'zee

client
kliento
klee-ehn'toh

complainant, the
la plendanto
la plendahn'toh

contract
kontrakto
kontrahk'toh

conviction, a
kondamno
kondahm'noh

costs
proceskosto
prohtsehs-kost'oh

court of justice
tribunalo
treeboonah'lo

criminal, a
krimulo
krim-oo'lo

damages
monkompenso
mohn'kompehn'so

decision (of case)
decido
dehtsee'doh

deed
akto
ahk'toh

defend, to
defendi
dehfehn'dee

defendant (in a suit)
la akuzato
la ahkoozah'toh

document
dokumento
dokoomehn'toh

evidence
evidenco
ehvidehnt'so

execution (of deed)
subskribigo
soobskreebee'go

— (of a judgment)
plenumo
plehnoo'mo

executor
administranto
ahdministrahn'to

fee (of office)
honorario
honoh-rahree'oh

fine (penalty)
monpuno
mohn-poo'no

information, to give
denunci
dehnoont'see

informer
denunc-anto, -into6
dehnoonts-ahn'toh, -in'toh

injunction
injunkcio
inyoonk-tsee'oh

inventory
inventario
invehn-tahree'oh

jail
malliberejo
mahllibehr-ehyo

judge, the
juĝisto
yoojist'oh

jurisdiction
juĝorajto
yoo'jo-rah'y-toh

jurisprudence
juro
yoo'ro

law-suit
proceso
proht-seh'so

non-suit, to
malakcepti
mahl-ahktsehp'tee

oath, to take an
fari ĵuron
fah'ree zhoor'ohn

parchment
pergameno
pehrgah-meh'no

pardon
pardono
pahrdoh'no

penal
punebla
pooneh'blah

perjury
falsa ĵuro
fahl'sah zhoor'oh

petitioner
petfarinto
peht'fahrin'toh

police-office
policoficejo
pohleet'so-feetseh'yo

— officer
policano
pohleet-sah'no

— station
policejo
pohleet-seh'yo

proof
pruvo
proo'voh

prosecute to
persekuti
pehrsehkoo'tee

prosecution (of suit)
persekuto
pehrsehkoo'toh

prosecutor
persekut-anto, -isto7
pehrsehkoot-ahn'toh, -ist'oh

punishment
puno
poo'no

quash
kasacii
kahsaht-see'ee

robbery
rabo
rah'bo

seal, a
sigelo
seegeh'lo

sentence, a
sentenco
sehntehnt'so

sheriff
skabeno
skahbeh'no

statement (written)
deklaro (skribita)
dehklah'ro (skreebee'tah)

sue, to
persekuti
pehrsehkoo'tee

suit
proceso
prohtseh'so

summons (of court)
asigno
ahseeg'no

testator
testamentinto
tehstah-mehntin'toh

theft
ŝtelo
shteh'lo

thief
ŝtel-isto, -into
shtehl-ist'oh, -in'toh

trial
proceso
prohtseh'so

verdict
verdikto
vehrdeek'toh

witness
atestanto
ahteh-stahn'toh

writ
asignordono
ahseeg'nordoh'no

29. Commercial Terms.
(Komercaj Terminoj.)

(For Conversations see p. 125.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Account
konto
kon'toh

—, current
kuranta konto
koorahn'ta kon'toh

—, joint
komuna konto
komoo'na kon'toh

—, to close an
fermi konton
fehr'mee kon'tohn

—, to settle an
pagi konton
pah'gee kon'tohn

acknowledgment
ricevavizo
ritseh'vahvee'zo

agency
agentejo
ahghen-teh'yo

agent
agento
ahghehn'toh

apprentice
metilernanto
mehtee'lehr-nahn'toh

arrear, in
malfrue
mahlfroo'eh

assets
aktivo
ahktee'voh

balance of account
saldo de konto
sahl'doh deh kon'toh

balance-sheet
bilanco
bilahnt'so

bank
banko
bahn'ko

bankrupt; a —
bankrotin-ta; -to
bahn-krotin'-tah; -toh

bankruptcy, failure
bankroto
bahn-kro'toh

bearer
portanto
portahn'toh

bill (account)
kalkulo
kahlkoo'lo

bill (comml. document)
bilo
bee'lo

— at sight
kambio je vido
kahmbee'oh yeh vee'doh

— at 3 months' date
kambio je tri monatoj
kahmbee'oh yeh tree monah'toy

— of exchange
kambio
kahm-bee'oh

— of lading
ŝarĝatesto
shahr-jah-teh'stoh

bond, a
obligacio
obligaht-see'o

bond, in
kuŝanta en dogantenejo
kooshahn'ta en dogahn'teneh'yo

bonded goods
komercaĵoj en dogano deponitaj
komehrt-sah'zhoy ehn dogah'no depohnee'tahy

book-keeper
librotenisto
lee'bro-tenis'toh

branch-establishment
filio
filee'oh

broker
makleristo
mah-klehrist'o

brokerage
kurtaĝo
koortah'jo

business
la aferoj
la ahfeh'roy

buyer
aĉetisto
ahchehtist'o

cargo
ŝarĝo
shahr'jo

carriage
transportprezo
trahnsport-preh'zo

carriage-paid
kun transporto pagita
koon trahns-pohr'toh pah-ghee'tah

cashier
kasisto
kahsist'o

charter a ship, to
lui ŝipon
loo'ee shee'pohn

charter-party
ĉarto
chahr'toh

catalogue
katalogo
kah-tahlo'go

cheque
ĉeko
cheh'ko

claim
pretendo
prehtehn'doh

clerk
oficisto
ofeet-sist'o

company
kompanio
kompah-nee'oh

—, joint-stock
akcia kompanio
ahk-tsee'ah kompah-nee'oh

—, limited
limigita kompanio
limighee'tah "

compensation
kompenso
kompehn'so

complaint
plendo
plehn'doh

confiscate, to
konfiski
konfis'kee

contract, a
kontrakto
kontrahk'toh

cost, insurance and
kosto, asekuro kaj
kost'o, ahseh-koor'o

freight (c.i.f.)
frajto
kahy frah'y-toh

cost price
kostprezo
kost-preh'zo

credit
kredito
krehdee'toh

creditor
kreditoro
kreditohr'o

custom-house
doganejo
doganeh'yo

customs, the
la dogano
la dogah'no

— clearing-house
doganesplorejo
dogahn'esploreh'yo

customs duties
doganimpostoj
dogahn'impos'toy

damage
difekto
difekt'o

damages (law)
kompensaĵo
kompehn-sah'zho

debenture shares
obligaciaj akcioj
obligaht-see'ahy ahkt-see'oy

debit
debeto
debeh'toh

debt
ŝuldo
shool'doh

debtor
ŝuldanto
shool-dahn'toh

deliver, to
liveri
liveh'ree

delivered free
liverita afrankite
livehree'tah afrahnkee'teh

demurrage
pago pro malfruiĝo
pah'go pro mahlfroo-ee'jo

department
fako
fah'ko

director, manager
direktoro
direktohr'o

discount; to —
diskonto; diskonti
diskon'toh; diskon'tee

dividend
dividendo
dividehn'doh

dock and harbour dues
dok- kaj haven-impostoj
dohk- kahy havehn'-impos'toy

double entry, by
per duobla enskribo
per doo-oh'bla enskree'bo

draft
trato
trah'toh

draw upon, to
trati (iun)
trah'tee (ee'oon)

drawee
tratato
tratah'toh

drawer
tratanto
tratahn'toh

duty, export
eksportimposto
eksport'impost'oh

—, import
importimposto
import'impost'oh

duty-free
senimposte
sen-impost'eh

enclosed
entenata
entehnah'ta

enclosure, an
enmetaĵo
enmeh-tah'zho

endorse, to
ĝiri
jee'ree

endorsee
ĝirato
jeerah'toh

endorsement
ĝiro
jeer'o

endorser
ĝiranto
jeerahn'toh

exchange, an
interŝanĝo
intehr-shahn'jo

— (place)
borso
bohr'so

— (difference)
aĝio
ahjee'oh

excise
akcizo
ahk-tsee'zo

exports
eksportoj
ekspor'toy

firm, a
firmo
feer'mo

forwarding
eksped-o, -ado8
ekspeh'-doh, -dah'doh

free on board (f.o.b.)
afranke sur ŝipon
afrahn'keh soor sheep'ohn

freightage
frajta prezo
frahy'tah preh'zo

guarantee, a
garantio
garahntee'o

imports
importoj
impohr'toy

insolvent
nesolventa
nehsolvehn'ta

insurance policy
asekura poliso
ahsehkoor'ah polee'so

— premium
asekura premio
ahsehkoor'ah prehmee'oh

insure, to
asekuri
ahsehkoo'ree

introduction
prezento
prehzehn'toh

—, letter of
prezenta letero
prehzehn'ta leteh'ro

invest, to (money)
plasi
plah'see

letter of advice
avizletero
ahveez'leteh'ro

liabilities
pasivo, ŝuldaro
pahsee'vo, shool-dah'ro

liable to duty
impostebla
imposteh'blah

load, to
ŝarĝi
shahr'jee

loss
malprofito
mahl-profee'toh

manifest, a
manifesto
mah-nifeh'sto

marine insurance
marasekuro
mahr'ahseh-koo'ro

market
komercejo
komehrt-seh'yo

foreign market
eksterlanda vendado
ekstehrlahn'da vendah'doh

home market
enlanda vendado
enlahn'da vendah'doh

London market
Londona vendado
londoh'na vendah'doh

market-day
vendeja tago
vendeh'yah ta'go

market dues
vendejaj impostoj
vendeh'yahy impos'toy

market price
vendeja prezo
vendeh'yah preh'zo

not negotiable
nenegocebla
neh-nehgoht-seh'blah

offer for sale, to
elmeti al vendo
elmeh'tee al vehn'doh

office
oficejo
ofitseh'yo

order, to (goods)
mendi
mehn'dee

packing
pakado
pahkah'doh

partner
partisto
pahrtist'o

payable
pagebla
pa-geh'blah

port of delivery
livera haveno
livehr'ah haveh'no

preference shares
preferencaj akcioj
prefehrent'sahy ahk-tsee'oy

prepaid
afrankita
afrahn-kee'ta

price
prezo
preh'zo

price-list
prezaro
prehzahr'o

quarantine
kvaranteno
kvarahn-teh'no

quotation (of price)
prezpropono
prehz'prohpo'no

rate of interest
procento
prohtsehn'toh

receipt
kvitanco
kvitahnt'so

receiver
likvidisto
likvee-dist'o

register, to
registri
reh-ghees'tree

registered tonnage
registra tonaĵo
reh-ghees'tra tonah'zho

registration
registr-o, -ado
reh-ghees'-tro, -trah'doh

representative
reprezentanto
reprehzen-tahn'toh

rent
luprezo
loo-preh'zo

retail (adj. & adv.)
pomalgrand-a, -e
po-malgrahn'-da, -deh

salesman, seller
vendisto
vehndist'o

selling price
vendoprezo
vehn'doh-preh'zo

settling days
pagtagoj
pahg-tah'goy

shareholder
akciulo
ahk-tsee-oo'lo

shares
akcioj
ahk-tsee'oy

ship, to
enŝipigi
enshipee'ghee

shippers
ekspedistoj
ekspeh-dis'toy

shipping charges
ŝarĝadaj elspezoj
shahrja'dahy elspeh'zoy

shop-assistant
komizo
komee'zo

solvent
solventa
solvehn'ta

stevedore
stivisto
steevist'o

stow, to (cargo)
stivi
stee'vee

telegraphic address
telegrafa adreso
telehgrah'fah ahdreh'so

towing charges
trenŝipaj pagoj
trehn-shee'pahy pahgoy

trade, commerce
komerc-o, -ado
komehrt'-so, -sah'doh

transaction
negoco
nehgoht'so

traveller, commercial
komerca vojaĝisto
komehrt'sah vo-yah-jist'o

underwriter
asekurinto
ahseh-koorin'toh

unloading
malŝarĝ-o, -ado
mahlshahr'-jo, -jah'doh

visa, to
vizi
vee'zee

warehouse
magazeno
mah-gazeh'no

weight, gross
kuntara pezo
koon-tah'ra peh'zo

—, net
sentara pezo
sehn-tah'ra peh'zo

wharf
ŭarfo
wahr'fo

wharfage
ŭarfpago
wahrf-pah'go

wholesale
pogrand-a, -e
po-grahn'-da, -deh

winding-up
likvido
likvee'doh

30. Post, Telegraph and Telephone.
(La Poŝto, la Telegrafo, kaj la Telefono.)

(For Conversations see p. 121.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Collection
kolekto
kolek'toh

contents
enhavo
ehnhah'vo

counterfoil
kontraŭfolio
kon'trahw-folee'oh

customs declaration
dogandeklaro
dogahn'dehklar'o

delivery
livero
livehr'o

description
priskribo
pree-skree'bo

despatch note
depeŝo
dehpeh'sho

excess postage
afrankeksceso
afrahnk'eks-tseh'so

letter post
letera poŝto
leteh'ra posh'toh

letter-scales
leterpesilo
letehr'pehsee'lo

mail, the
la kuriero
la kooree-ehr'o

money order (foreign)
poŝtmandato eksterlanda
posht-mandah'toh eks-terlahn'da

newspaper wrapper
banderolo
bahn-dero'lo

parcel
paketo
pahkeh'toh

— post
paketpoŝto
pahkeht-posh'toh

pillar-box
leterkesto
letehr-kest'o

post, the
la poŝto
la pohsh-toh

postage paid
afrankita
afrahnkee'tah

postal order
poŝtmandato enlanda
posht-mahndah'toh en-lahn'da

post-card
poŝtkarto
pohsht-kahr'toh

post-office
poŝtoficejo
posht-ofeet-seh'yo

postman
leterportisto
letehr'pohrtist'o

postmaster
poŝtestro
pohsh-tehs'tro

re-address, to
readresi
reh-ahdreh'see

register, to
registri
reh-ghees'tree

reply paid
respondafrankita
respond'afrahn-kee'ta

stamps
poŝtmarkoj
posht-mahr'koy

telegram
telegramo
teleh-grah'mo

telegraph, to
telegrafi
teleh-grah'fee

— form
telegrama folio
teleh-grah'ma folee'oh

— messenger
telegramportisto
telehgrahm'pohrtist'o

— office
telegrafejo
teleh-grafeh'yo

telephone
telefono
teleh-fo'no

— call office
telefonejo
teleh-foneh'yo

— number
telefona numero
teleh-fo'na noomehr'o

ring up, to
telefoni
teleh-fo'nee

to be called for
poŝtrestante
posht-restahn'teh

value, insured
asekurita valoro
ahsekooree'ta vahlohr'o

weigh, to
pesi
peh'see

weight, a
pezilo
pehzee'lo

— (of anything)
pezo
peh'zo

—, over
tro peza
tro peh'zah

31. Correspondence.
(Korespondado.)

(For Conversations see p. 122.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Address
adreso
ah-dreh'so

blotting-paper
sorba papero
sohr'ba pa-pehr'o

date
dato
da'toh

—, to
dat-i, -umi
dah'-tee, -too'mee

envelope
koverto
ko-vehr'toh

fasten, close, to
fermi
fehr'mee

immediate
tuja
too'yah

ink
inko
een'ko

inkstand
inkujo
een-koo'yo

letter
letero
letehr'o

letter-box
leterkesto
leh-tehr-kest'o

note
noto
no'toh

note-paper
leterpapero
letehr'pa-pehr'o

packet
paketo
pah-keht'o

pen
plumo
ploo'mo

—, fountain
fontoplumo
fon'toh-ploo'mo

penholder
plumingo
ploom-een'go

penknife
tranĉileto
trahn-chee-leh'toh

pencil
krajono
krah-yo'no

quire
kajero
kah-yeh'ro

ream
rismo
rees'mo

seal, a
sigelo
see-gheh'lo

seal, to
sigeli
see-gheh'lee

sealing-wax
sigelvakso
see-ghehl-vahk'so

sheet
folio
fo-lee'o

signature
subskribo
soob-skree'bo

urgent
urĝa
oorr'jah

writing
la skribo
la skree'bo

— materials
skribilaro
skree-bee-lah'ro

32. The Cardinal Numbers.
(La Fundamentaj Numeraloj.)

(For Grammatical Notes see p. 78.)

0 | Nulo | (nool'oh) | 17 | dek sep | 79 | sepdek naŭ
1 | unu | (oo'noo) | 18 | dek ok | 80 | okdek
2 | du | (doo) | 19 | dek naŭ | 90 | naŭdek
3 | tri | (tree) | 20 | dudek | 100 | cent | (tsehnt)
4 | kvar | (kvahr) | 21 | dudek unu | 101 | cent unu
5 | kvin | (kvin) | 22 | dudek du | 102 | cent du
6 | ses | (sehss) | 23 | dudek tri | 200 | du cent | (doot'sehnt)
7 | sep | (sehp) | 24 | dudek kvar | 300 | tricent
8 | ok | (ohk) | 30 | tridek | 400 | kvarcent
9 | naŭ | (nahw) | 35 | tridek kvin | 500 | kvincent
10 | dek | (dehk) | 40 | kvardek | 600 | sescent
11 | dek unu | 46 | kvardek ses | 700 | sepcent
12 | dek du | 50 | kvindek | 800 | okcent
13 | dek tri | 57 | kvindek sep | 900 | naŭcent
14 | dek kvar | 60 | sesdek | 1,000 | mil | (meel)
15 | dek kvin | 68 | sesdek ok
16 | dek ses | 70 | sepdek

2,679 | dumil sescent sepdek naŭ.
3,000 | trimil.
10,000 | dek mil.
20,000 | dudek mil.
389,345 | tricent okdek naŭmil tricent kvardek kvin.
1,000,000 | (unu) miliono [(oo'noo) meeleeoh'no].
4,000,000 | kvar milionoj.
1908 … | Mil naŭcent ok.

Note.—Observe that the cardinal numbers are grouped together (without hyphens) in thousands, hundreds, tens and units. Thus, 548 is kvincent kvardek ok, not kvincent-kvardek-ok, and 17 dek sep, not dek-sep.

33. Ordinal Numerals.
(La Ordaj Numeraloj.)

(For Grammatical Notes see p. 78.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
First | unua | oonoo'ah
second | dua | doo'ah
third | tria | tree'ah
fourth | kvara | kvah'rah
fifth | kvina | kvee'nah
sixth | sesa | seh'sah
seventh | sepa | seh'pah
eighth | oka | oh'kah
ninth | naŭa | nah'wah
tenth | deka | deh'kah
eleventh | dek-unua | dehk-oonoo'ah
twelfth | dek-dua | dehkdoo'ah
thirteenth | dek-tria | dehktree'ah
fourteenth | dek-kvara | dehk-kvah'rah
fifteenth | dek-kvina | dehk-kvee'nah
sixteenth | dek-sesa | dehkseh'sah
seventeenth | dek-sepa | dehkseh'pah
eighteenth | dek-oka | dehk-oh'kah
nineteenth | dek-naŭa | dehknah'wah
twentieth | dudeka | doodeh'kah
twenty-first | dudek-unua | doo'dehk-oonoo'ah
twenty-second | dudek-dua | doo'dehk-doo'ah
twenty-third | dudek-tria | doo'dehk-tree'ah
twenty-fourth | dudek-kvara | doo'dehk-kvah'rah
twenty-fifth | dudek-kvina | doo'dehk-kvee'nah
thirtieth | trideka | treedeh'kah
thirty-second | tridek-dua | treedehk-doo'ah
fortieth | kvardeka | kvahrdeh'kah
fiftieth | kvindeka | kvindeh'kah
sixtieth | sesdeka | sehsdeh'kah
seventieth | sepdeka | sehpdeh'kah
eightieth | okdeka | ohkdeh'kah
ninetieth | naŭdeka | nahw-deh'kah
hundredth | centa | tsehn'tah
hundred and first | cent-unua | tsehnt-oonoo'ah
two hundred and fifty-second | ducent-kvindek-dua | doot'sehnt-kvin'dehk- doo'ah
thousandth | mila | mee'lah

34. Collective and Fractional Numbers.
(Kolektivaj kaj Nombronaj Numeraloj.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
All | ĉiom (da) | chee'ohm (dah)
couple, a | paro | pah'ro
double | duobla | doo-oh'blah
doubly | duoble | doo-oh'bleh
dozen, a | dekduo | dehk-doo'oh
fifth, a | kvinono | kvee-no'no
firstly | unue | oonoo'eh
gross, a | cent kvardek kvar | tsehnt kvahr'dehk kvahr
half-a-dozen | duondekduo | doo-ohn'dehkdoo'oh
once | unufoje | oo'noo-fo'yeh
one by one | unuope | oonoo-oh'peh
one-half | unu duono | oo'noo doo-oh'no
pair, a | paro | pah'ro
part, portion | parto | pahr'to
quarter, fourth part | kvarono | kvahro'no
score, a | dudeko | doodeh'ko
secondly | due | doo'eh
single | unuopa | oonoo-oh'pah
singly | unuope | oonoo-oh'peh
third, a | triono | tree-oh'no
thirdly | trie | tree'eh
threefold | trioble | tree-oh'bleh
three-quarters | tri kvaronoj | tree kvahro'noy
three-sevenths | tri seponoj | tree sehpoh'noy
twice | dufoje, dufojojn | doo-fo'yeh, doo fo'yoyn
two by two | duope | doo-oh'peh
two-sixths | du sesonoj | doo seh-so'noy
whole, the | la tuto | la too'toh

35. Adjectives.
(Adjektivoj.)

(For Grammatical Notes see p. 77.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Able (capable)
kapabla
kah-pah'blah

bad, wicked
malbona
mahl-bo'nah

beautiful, handsome
bela
beh'la

beloved
amata
ahmah'tah

bitter
maldolĉa
mahl-dohl'chah

blind
blinda
bleen'dah

blunt
malakra
mahl-ah'krah

bold
kuraĝema
koorah-jeh'ma

brave
brava
brah'vah

bright
hela
heh'la

broad, wide
larĝa
lar'jah

careful
zorgema
zorgeh'ma

careless
senzorga
sen-zor'ga

certain
certa
tsehr'tah

cheap
malkara
mahl-kah'ra

clean
pura
poo'rah

clear
klara
klah'ra

clever
lerta
lehr'tah

cold
malvarma
mahl-vahr'ma

comfortable
komforta
kohm-fohr'tah

corpulent
korpulenta
korpoolehn'tah

costly
multekosta
mool'teh-kohs'tah

damp
malseka
mahl-seh'ka

dangerous
danĝera
dahn-jeh'rah

dark
malluma
mahl-loo'ma

deaf
surda
soor'dah

dear
kara
kah'ra

deep
profunda
pro-foon'dah

different
malsama
mahl-sah'ma

dirty
malpura
mahl-poo'rah

disagreeable
malagrabla
mahl-ahgrah'blah

dry
seka
seh'ka

dull (of weather)
malklara
mahl-klah'rah

dusty
polva
pohl'vah

early
frua
froo'ah

easy
facila
faht-see'lah

empty
malplena
mahl-pleh'na

every
ĉiu
chee'oo

false
malvera
mahl-vehr'ah

fashionable
laŭmoda
lahw-mo'dah

fat (stout)
dikkorpa
deek-kor'pa

few
malmultaj
mahl-mool'tahy

fine (excellent)
bonega
boneh'gah

— (in quality)
delikata
dehlee-kah'tah

fit (for)
taŭga
tahw'gah

flat
plata
plah'tah

foolish
malsaĝa
mahl-sah'jah

fortunate
bonŝanca
bohn-shahnt'sah

free
libera
libeh'ra

frequent
ofta
off'tah

fresh
freŝa
freh'shah

front
antaŭa
ahntah'wah

full
plena
pleh'nah

gay
gaja
gah'yah

general, usual
kutima
kootee'ma

gentle, polite
ĝentila
jentee'la

good
bona
boh'nah

grand
grandioza
grahndee-oh'zah

great
granda
grahn'dah

happy
feliĉa
fehlee'chah

hard
malmola
mahl-mo'la

heavy
peza
peh'zah

high
alta
ahl'tah

honest
honesta
honeh'stah

hot
varmega
vahrmeh'ga

hungry
malsata
mahl-sah'tah

ill (unwell)
malsana
mahl-sah'nah

important
grava
grah'va

interesting
interesa
inteh-reh'sah

just
justa
yoos'tah

kind
bonkora
bohn-ko'ra

lame
lama
lah'ma

large, vast
larĝa
lahr'jah

last
lasta
lah'stah

late
malfrua
mahl-froo'ah

light
luma
loo'ma

little, small
malgranda
mahl-grahn'dah

long
longa
lohn'gah

loose
ne fiksita
neh fiksee'tah

low (in place)
malalta
mahl-ahl'tah

many
multaj
mool'tahy

mild
milda
meel'dah

muddy
kota
ko'tah

narrow
mallarĝa
mahl-lahr'jah

natural
natura
nahtoor'ah

new
nova
no'vah

nice, tasty
bongusta
bohn-goo'stah

old (not new)
malnova
mahl-no'vah

open
malfermita
mahl-fehrmee'tah

patient
pacienca
paht-see-ent'sah

pleasant
agrabla
ahgrah'blah

poor (not rich)
malriĉa
mahl-ree'chah

poor (to be pitied)
kompatinda
kompah-teen'dah

possible
ebla
eh'blah

pretty
beleta
beh-leh'tah

private
privata
pree-vah'tah

probable
probabla
probah'blah

proud
fiera
fee-eh'rah

public
publika
pooblee'ka

pure, clean
pura
poo'rah

quick, swift
rapida
rahpee'dah

quiet
kvieta
kvee-eh'tah

rich
riĉa
ree'chah

right
prava
prah-vah

— (correct)
ĝusta
joo'stah

ripe
matura
mahtoo'rah

rough (not smooth)
malglata
mahl-glah'tah

round
ronda
rohn'dah

rude
malĝentila
mahl-jenteela

sacred, holy
sankta
sahnk'tah

sad
malĝoja
mahl-joya

safe, secure
sekura
seh-koo'rah

sharp
akra
ah'krah

short
mallonga
mahl-lohn'ga

silent
silenta
seelehn'tah

simple
simpla
seem'plah

slow
malrapida
mahl-rahpee'dah

smooth
glata
glah'tah

soft
mola
mo'lah

sound, reliable
fidinda
feedeen'dah

sour
acideca
ahtsee-deht'sah

square
kvadrata
kvah-drah'tah

straight
rekta
rehk'tah

strange (curious)
stranga
strahn'gah

strong
forta
fohr'tah

stupid, dull
stulta
stool'tah

sufficient
sufiĉa
soofee'chah

sweet
dolĉa
dohl'chah

tall
altkreska
ahlt-krehs'kah

tender (loving)
amplena
ahm-pleh'nah

thick
dika
dee'kah

thin
maldika
mahl-dee'ka

thirsty
soifanta
so-eefahn'tah

tough
koherema
ko-hehreh'mah

true
vera
veh'rah

ugly
malbela
mahl-beh'la

unsettled (weather)
necerta
neht-sehr'tah

useful
utila
ootee'la

usual
kutima
kootee'ma

valuable
multvalora
mooltvahlo'ra

various
diversa
deevehr'sah

warm
varma
vahr'ma

weak
malforta
mahl-fohr'ta

wet
malseka
mahl-seh'kah

whole
tuta
too'tah

willing
volonta
volohn'tah

wise
saĝa
sah'jah

wrong
malprava
mahl-prah'vah

young
juna
yoo'nah

36. Verbs.

(For Grammatical Notes see p. 81.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

To accept
akcepti
ahk-tsehp'tee

" admire
admiri
ahdmeer'ee

" answer, reply
respondi
rehspohn'dee

" approve
aprobi
ahpro'bee

" arrive
alveni
ahl-veh'nee

" ascend
supreniri
soo'preh-neer'ee

" ask
demandi
dehman'dee

" attract, draw
altiri
ahl-teer'ee

" awake, intr.
vekiĝi
vehkee'jee

" be
esti
eh'stee

" be hungry
malsati
mahl-sah'tee

" be ignorant of
nescii
nehst-see'ee

" be mistaken
trompiĝi
trohmpee'jee

" be quiet, silent
silenti
seelehn'tee

" be thirsty
soifi
so-ee'fee

" beat
bati
bah'tee

" begin, tr.
komenci
kohment'see

" believe
kredi
kreh'dee

" blame
mallaŭdi
mahl-lahw'dee

" boil, intr.; —, tr.
boli; boligi
bo'lee; bo-lee'ghee

" borrow
pruntepreni
proon'teh-preh'nee

" bring
alporti
ahl-por'tee

" build
konstrui
konstroo'ee

" button
butonumi
bootonoo'mee

" buy
aĉeti
ahcheh'tee

" carry
porti
pohr'tee

" catch cold
malvarmumi
mahl-vahrmoo'mee

" chat
babili
bahbee'lee

" climb
grimpi
grim'pee

" compare
kompari
kohmpah'ree

" consent
konsenti
konsehn'tee

" continue, intr.
daŭri
dahw'ree

" cook
kuiri
koo-ee'ree

" cough
tusi
too'see

" cover
kovri
ko'vree

" dance
danci
dahnt'see

" decide
decidi
deht-see'dee

" deny
nei
neh'ee

" depart, go away
foriri
for-eer'ee

" descend
malsupreniri
mahl-sooprehn-eer'ee

" desire, wish (for)
deziri
deh-zeer'ee

" dine
ĉefmanĝi
chehf-mahn'jee

" do, make
fari
fah'ree

" doubt
dubi
doo'bee

" draw, pull
tiri
teer'ee

" dream
sonĝi
sohn'jee

" drink
trinki
trin'kee

" dress
vesti
veh'stee

" dwell, live
loĝi
lo'jee

" eat
manĝi
mahn'jee

" exchange
interŝanĝi
intehr-shahn'jee

" excuse
ekskuzi
ekskoo'zee

" explain
komprenigi
kompreh-nee'ghee

" fall
fali
fah'lee

" feel (by touch)
palpi
pahl'pee

" feel (in mind)
senti
sehn'tee

" find
trovi
tro'vee

" finish, tr.
fini
fee'nee

" follow
sekvi
sehk'vee

" forget
forgesi
fohr-gheh'see

" gather
kolekti
ko-lehk'tee

" get
akiri
ahkee'ree

" get up
leviĝi
lehvee'jee

" give
doni
doh'nee

" go
iri
eer'ee

" go in
eniri
ehneer'ee

" go out
eliri
ehleer'ee

" grow
kreski
kreh'skee

" guide
gvidi
gvee'dee

" hate
malami
mahlah'mee

" have
havi
hah'vee

" hear
aŭdi
ahw'dee

" hesitate
heziti
heh-zee'tee

" hide
kaŝi
kah'shee

" hope
esperi
espehr'ee

" imagine
imagi
imah'ghee

" ignore
ignori
ignoh'ree

" intend
intenci
intehnt'see

" introduce (one)
prezenti
prehzehn'tee

— (a thing)
enkonduki
ehnkon-doo'kee

" joke
ŝerci
shehrt'see

" jump
salti
sahl'tee

" know
scii
stsee'ee

" laugh
ridi
ree'dee

" learn
lerni
lehr'nee

" lend
pruntedoni
proon'teh-doh'nee

" lie down
kuŝiĝi
koo-shee'jee

" live (be alive)
vivi
vee'vee

" look for
serĉi
sehr'chee

" lose
perdi
pehr'dee

" love
ami
ah'mee

" marry, intr. (of a man)
edziĝi
ehdzee'-jee

— (of a woman)
edziniĝi
ehdzee-nee'jee

" meet
renkonti
rehn-kon'tee

" mention
aludi
ahloo'dee

" need, want
bezoni
behzoh'nee

" object
oponi
opoh'nee

" obtain
obteni
obteh'nee

" offend
ofendi
ofehn'dee

" offer
proponi
pro-po'nee

" open
malfermi
mahl-fehr'mee

" order (goods)
mendi
mehn'dee

" order, command
ordoni
ohrdoh'nee

" pack up
paki
pah'kee

" paint
pentri
pehn'tree

" pay; repay
pagi; repagi
pah'ghee; reh-pah'ghee

" plant
planti
plahn'tee

" play
ludi
loo'dee

" plough
plugi
ploo'ghee

" pluck, pick
deŝiri
deh-sheer'ee

" praise
laŭdi
lahw'dee

" prove
pruvi
proo'vee

" read
legi
leh'ghee

" reap
rikolti
reekohl'tee

" reckon, count
kalkuli
kahl-koo'lee

" receive
ricevi
reetseh'vee

" refuse
rifuzi
ree-foo'zee

" regret
bedaŭri
behdahw'ree

" remember
memori
meh-mohr'ee

" repeat
ripeti
reepeh'tee

" rest
ripozi
reepo'zee

" return, come back
reveni
rehveh'nee

— (go back)
reiri
reh-eer'ee

— (give back)
redoni
reh-doh'nee

" ring, tr.
sonorigi
so-no-ree'ghee

" roast
rosti
roh'stee

" run
kuri
koor'ee

" say, tell
diri
dee'ree

" search for
serĉi
sehr'chee

" see
vidi
vee'dee

" sell
vendi
vehn'dee

" serve
servi
sehr'vee

" sew, stitch
kudri
koo'dree

" shave
razi
rah'zee

" shine
brili
bree'lee

" show
montri
mohn'tree

" sign (letter, etc.)
subskribi
soob-skree'bee

" sit down
sidiĝi
seedee'jee

" sleep
dormi
dohr'mee

" sneeze
terni
tehr'nee

" sow (seed)
semi
seh'mee

" speak
paroli
pahro'lee

" spoil, tr.
difekti
deefehk'tee

" steal
ŝteli
shteh'lee

" study
studi
stoo'dee

" swear
ĵuri
zhoor'ee

" take
preni
preh'nee

" take off
depreni
deh-preh'nee

" take a walk
promeni
pro-meh'nee

" taste, tr.
gustumi
goostoo'mee

" tell (a tale)
rakonti
rahkon'tee

" thank
danki
dahn'kee

" think
pensi
pehn'see

" throw
ĵeti
zheh'tee

" touch
tuŝi
too'shee

" translate
traduki
trahdoo'kee

" travel
vojaĝi
vo-yah'jee

" unbutton
malbutonumi
mahl-bootohnoo'mee

" unpack
malpaki
mahl-pah'kee

" wash
lavi
lah'vee

" weep
plori
plo'ree

" weigh, tr.; —, int.
pesi; pezi
peh'see; peh'zee

" will, be willing
voli
vo'lee

" work
labori
lah-boh'ree

" wrap up
envolvi
ehn-vol'vee

" write
skribi
skree'bee

" yield, give way
cedi
tseh'dee

37. Adverbs, Conjunctions & Prepositions.
(Adverboj, Konjunkcioj kaj Prepozicioj.)

(For Grammatical Notes see p. 77.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

About (nearly)
proksimume
prokseemoo'meh

about (concerning)
pri
pree

above
super
soo'pehr

above all
antaŭ ĉio
ahn'tahw chee'oh

absolutely
absolute
ahbsoloo'teh

according to
laŭ
lah'w

across
trans
trahnss

afresh
denove
dehno'veh

after, next to
post
pohst

afterwards
poste
pohss'teh

again
ree
reh'eh

against
kontraŭ
kohn'trahw

all (of)
ĉiom (da)
chee'ohm (dah)

all at once, suddenly
subite
soobee'teh

almost
preskaŭ
preh'skahw

alone, solely
sole
so'leh

aloud
laŭte
lahw'teh

already
jam
yahm

also, too, besides
ankaŭ
ahn'kahw

although
kvankam
kvahn'kahm

altogether, quite
tute
too'teh

always
ĉiam
chee'ahm

and
kaj
kah'y

anywhere
kie ajn
kee'eh ah'yn

around, round about
ĉirkaŭ
cheer'kahw

as…as
tiel…kiel…
tee'ehl…kee'ehl…

as much, as many
tiom
tee'ohm

as much as
tiom kiom
tee'ohm kee'ohm

as soon as, immediately
tuj kiam
too'y kee'ahm

at
ĉe
cheh

at first
unue
oonoo'eh

at last
fine
fee'neh

at least
almenaŭ
ahl-meh'nahw

at [the] most
pleje
pleh'yeh

at once
tuj
tooy'

at present
nune
noo'neh

badly
malbone
mahlbo'neh

because
ĉar
chahr

before
antaŭ
ahn'tahw

behind
post
pohst

below, under, beneath
sub
soob

besides, beyond
krom
krohm

better
pli bone
plee bo'neh

between, among(st)
inter
een'tehr

beyond
preter
preh'tehr

briefly, shortly
mallonge
mahl-lohn'geh

but
sed
sehd

by the side of
apud, flanke de
ah'pood, flahn'keh deh

by turns
laŭvice
lahw-veet'seh

close to
apud
ah'pood

consequently
sekve
sehk'veh

daily
ĉiutage
chee-ootah'gheh

doubtless
sendube
sehndoo'beh

down (direction)
malsupren
mahlsoo'prehn

down (position)
malsupre
mahlsoo'preh

during
dum
doom

early, betimes
frue
froo'eh

either…or
aŭ…aŭ
ahw…ahw

elsewhere
aliloke
ahleelo'keh

enough (of)
sufiĉe (da)
soofee'cheh (dah)

even if
eĉ se
ehch seh

everywhere
ĉie
chee'eh

exactly
precize
preht-see'zeh

exceedingly
treege
treh-eh'geh

except, prep.
escepte
est-sehp'teh

far, distant
malproksime
mahl-proksee'meh

for, conj.
ĉar
chahr

for, prep.
por
pohr

formerly
antaŭe
ahntah'weh

from
de
deh

full of
plena de
pleh'nah deh

fully
plene
pleh'neh

hardly
apenaŭ
ahpeh'nahw

here
ĉi tie, tie ĉi
chee tee'eh, tee'eh chee

herewith
ĉi-kune
chee-koo'neh

how, like
kiel
kee'ehl

how much?
kiom?
kee'ohm?

however
tamen
tah'mehn

immediately
tuj
too'y

in
en
ehn

in every way
ĉiel
chee'ehl

in front, before
antaŭe
ahntah'weh

in future
en la estonteco
ehn lah estohn-teht'so

in spite of
malgraŭ
mahl'grahw

in the midst of
meze de
meh'zeh deh

indeed
vere
veh'reh

inside
interne de, en
intehr'neh deh, ehn

instead of
anstataŭ
ahnstaht'ahw

late
malfrue
mahl-froo'eh

less
malpli
mahl'plee

little (of)
malmulte (da)
mahl-mool'teh (dah)

little by little
iom post iom
ee'ohm pohst ee'ohm

more
pli
plee

more or less
pli malpli
plee mahl'plee

the more…the more
ju pli…des pli
yoo plee…dehs plee

much, very
tre
treh

mutually
reciproke
reht'see-pro'keh

near; — to
proksime; — de
prohksee'meh; — deh

neither…nor
nek…nek
nehk…nehk

never
neniam
neh-nee'ahm

nevertheless
tamen
tah'mehn

not
ne
neh

not at all
tute ne
too'teh neh

notwithstanding
malgraŭ (tio)
mahl'grahw (tee'oh)

not yet
ankoraŭ ne
ahnkoh'rahw neh

now
nun
noon

nowadays
nuntempe, hodiaŭ
noon-tehm'peh, hoh-dee'ahw

nowhere
nenie
neh-nee'eh

of
de; da (after numerals)
deh; dah

of course
kompreneble
kompreh-neh'bleh

often
ofte
off'teh

on, upon
sur
soor

on account of
pro
pro

on no account
nenial
neh-nee'ahl

on the contrary
kontraŭe
kontrah'weh

on the left
maldekstre
mahl-dek'streh

on the right
dekstre
dehk'streh

only
nur
noor

opposite
kontraŭe
kontrah'weh

or
aŭ
ahw

otherwise
alie
ahlee'eh

outside, out of
ekster
eks'tehr

over
super
soo'pehr

perhaps
eble
eh'bleh

presently, soon
baldaŭ
bahl'dahw

previously
antaŭe
ahntah'weh

purposely
intence
intehnt'seh

quickly
rapide
rahpee'deh

rather, preferably
prefere
prehfeh'reh

rather, somewhat
iom
ee'ohm

save, excepting
escepte
ehst-sehp'teh

scarcely
apenaŭ
ahpeh'nahw

seldom, rarely
malofte
mahl-off'teh

since, prep.
de
deh

—, conj.
ĉar
chahr

— (the time when)
de l' tempo kiam
dehl tehm'po kee'ahm

so, thus
tiel
tee'ehl

so much
tiom
tee'ohm

somehow
iel
ee'ehl

something
io
ee'oh

sometimes
kelkafoje
kehl'kah-fo'yeh

soon
baldaŭ
bahl'dahw

suddenly
subite
soo-bee'teh

that, conj.
ke
keh

that is
tio estas (abbr., t.e.)
tee'oh es'tahss

then
tiam
tee'ahm

then, conj.
do
doh

thence
de tie
deh tee'eh

there
tie
tee'eh

through
tra
trah

through (by means of)
per
pehr

till, until
ĝis
jeess

to
al
ahl

together
kune
koo'neh

too much, too
tro
tro

towards
al, en la direkto de
ahl, ehn lah deerehk'toh deh

unexpectedly
neatendite
neh-ahtehndee'teh

unless
se…ne
seh…neh

until
ĝis
jeess

up, upwards
supren
soo'prehn

up above
supre
soo'preh

weekly
ĉiusemajne
chee'oo-sehmah'y-neh

well
bone
bo'neh

when
kiam
kee'ahm

whence?
de kie?
deh kee'eh?

where?
kie?
kee'eh?

wherever
kie ajn
kee'eh ahyn'

whether, if
ĉu
choo

while, whilst
dum
doom

why?
kial?
kee'ehl?

willingly
volonte
volohn'teh

wisely
saĝe
sah'jeh

with
kun
koon

within
interne
intehr'neh

without
sen
sehn

yearly
ĉiujare
chee'oo-yah'reh

yet, as yet
ankoraŭ
ahnkoh'rahw

ELEMENTARY GRAMMAR.

The Article.

The Definite Article the is in Esperanto represented by la. Like the article in English, la does not vary with the number or gender of the noun before which it is placed; e.g., la briko, the brick; la brikoj, the bricks; la patro, the father; la patrinoj, the mothers.

The Indefinite Article a is not expressed in Esperanto. Thus, "filo" is son or a son.

The Noun.

In Esperanto every noun in the singular ends in o. Thus: viro, a man; la libro, the book. The plural is formed from the singular by adding the termination -j. Thus: viroj, men; la libroj, the books.

In order to allow each nation to construct its sentences in the order to which it is accustomed, every noun in Esperanto has two forms or "cases," (1) the Nominative, or unchanged form, and (2) the Accusative, which is formed from the nominative by adding the termination -n. This is merely to distinguish between subject and object. The accusative form is also used to indicate motion towards, etc.

The Adjective.

All adjectives end in the nominative singular in a. They may be placed either before or after the noun. As in the case of the noun, the plural is formed by adding the termination -j, and the accusative is formed by adding -n to the nominative. The adjective agrees in number and case with the noun which it qualifies. Ex.:—

Blua libro (or libro blua), a blue book; bluaj libroj, blue books.

La viro legas bluan libron. The man reads a blue book.

La viroj legas bluajn librojn. The men are reading blue books.

Thanks to the accusative case, one might say without loss of clearness: Bluan libron legas la viro, or la viro bluan libron legas, or bluan libron la viro legas, etc.

Degrees of Comparison.

There are three degrees of comparison, as in English:

The Positive, as bona, good; bela, beautiful; granda, big, great.

The Comparative is formed by placing pli (more) or malpli (less) before the positive, thus: bona, good—pli bona, better; bela, beautiful—malpli bela, less beautiful. The comparison may be heightened by using multe (much), thus: multe pli (or malpli) bela.

Than is translated by ol, thus: pli (or malpli) bela ol…, more (or less) beautiful than…

The Superlative degree is formed by using plej (most) with the positive; as bela, beautiful—plej bela, most beautiful.

Of with a superlative is translated by the preposition el (out of). La plej granda el ĉiuj, the greatest of all.

The more…the more, the less…the less, are translated by means of the particles ju and des. Thus: Ju pli oni studas, des pli oni lernas, the more one studies, the more one learns. Ju pli mi kun li parolas, des malpli mi lin estimas, the more I speak to him, the less I esteem him.

Cardinal Numbers.

The Cardinal Numbers may be used as nouns, by the addition of the ending -o. Thus, unuo, a unit; trio, a trio; dekduo, a dozen; dudeko, a score; cento, a hundred; milo, a thousand. Note that miliono is ALWAYS used as a noun.

When a number or any other word is used as a noun of quantity, the noun which follows it must be preceded by the quantitative preposition da:—Dekduo da ovoj, a dozen eggs; milo da soldatoj, a thousand soldiers (one might of course also say dek du ovoj, mil soldatoj); du metroj da drapo, two metres of cloth; tri funtoj da sukero, three pounds of sugar.

Ordinal Numbers.

The Ordinal Numbers are formed by adding the adjectival ending -a to the Cardinals. In Compound Ordinal Numbers, the groups of hundreds, tens, units, etc., are joined by hyphens, and the ending -a is added to the unit numeral. Thus: unu, one—unua, first; tria, third; dek-unua, eleventh; tridek-sepa, thirty-seventh; kvarcent-sesdek-dua, 462nd, and so on. Written in figures these would be 1a, 3a, 11a, 37a, 462a. The Ordinals are of course inflected like adjectives. (See page 77.)

Fractions

Fractionals are formed by adding the suffix -on (plus the endings o, a, or e as required) to the Cardinal Numbers. Thus: unu duono, one-half; tri kvaronoj, three-quarters; dek sep dek-naŭonoj, 17/19; dudek tri kvarmil-kvincent-tridek-naŭonoj, 23/4539. Duone vera (or duonvera), half-true. Tri-kvaronoj da funto (or trikvaronfuntoj), ¾ lb. Duono da funto (or duonfunto), ½ lb.

Multiples, Collectives, and Distributives.

Multiple Numbers are formed from the Cardinals by adding the suffix -obl, with the requisite grammatical ending o, a, or e. Thus: duobla, double; duoblo, a double; duoble, doubly; tridekoble, thirty-fold; sesoble naŭ estas (or faras) kvindek kvar, six nines are fifty-four; duoble du estas kvar, twice two are four.

Collective Numerals are formed by the addition of the suffix -op (plus the grammatical termination required). Thus: duope, two at a time, two together; naŭope, nine at a time; ili venadis dekope, they came in tens; dumilopa taĉmento, a detachment two thousand strong.

Distributives are shown by the preposition po, meaning at the rate of. Thus: li aĉetis por ĉiu infano po ses pomoj, he bought six apples for each child; li ricevas po dek ŝilingoj por ĉiu tago, he gets ten shillings a day; la vagonaro veturas po sesdek mejloj en ĉiu horo (or ĉiuhore), the train travels at (the rate of) sixty miles an hour, etc.

The Pronoun.

The Personal Pronouns are, in the nominative: Mi, I; vi, you (sing. and pl.); ni, we; li, he; ŝi, she; ĝi, it; ili, they.

The archaic English thou may be translated by ci.

The Accusative case of the personal pronouns is formed like that of nouns and adjectives, by adding -n. Thus: Min, me; vin, you; nin, us; lin, him; ŝin, her; ĝin, it; ilin, them.

The Reflexive Pronoun of the 3rd person is si (accusative sin), standing for himself, herself, itself, one's-self, or themselves, as the case may be. There is no special reflexive form for the pronouns of the 1st and 2nd person, I, we, and you.

The Indefinite Personal Pronoun is oni (= the French on)—one, people, they, you. Ex.: Li amas sin, he loves himself; ŝi amas sin, she loves herself; ĝi montras sin, it shows itself; ili diras al si, they say to themselves; oni vidas sin, one sees one's-self; mi lavas min, I wash myself; vi laŭdas vin, you praise yourself.

Possessive Adjectives or Pronouns.

By adding the adjectival ending -a to the personal pronouns, the Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns are obtained. Thus: Mia, my, mine; cia, thy, thine; via, your, yours; nia, our, ours; lia, his; ŝia, her, hers; ĝia, its; sia (reflexive), his, her(s), its, their(s), one's.

Note the following use of sia. In English the sentence, "He saw his friend with his brother," is not clear. Does it mean that he saw his friend (1) with his friend's brother, or (2) with his own brother? In Esperanto, the use of sia makes the meaning quite clear; (1) would be: Li vidis sian amikon kun LIA frato, and (2) would be: Li vidis sian amikon kun SIA frato.

The word mem, meaning -self or -selves, may be added to a personal pronoun to give emphasis. Thus: Konu vin mem, know thyself; li iris mem, he went himself; li mem, himself; li parolis al si mem, he spoke to himself.

Like other adjectives, possessives agree in case and number with the noun to which they refer. Ex.:

lia libro, his book; liaj libroj, his books;

ŝi havas lian, kaj li havas ŝian, she has his, and he has hers;

liaj estas la plej bonaj libroj, his are the best books;

mi preferas miajn, I prefer mine; li preferas siajn, he prefers his;

ili preferas siajn, they prefer theirs.

Demonstrative Adjective or Pronoun.

The Demonstrative Adjective and Pronoun "that" is rendered in Esperanto by the word tiu (acc. tiun); plural tiuj (acc. tiujn), those. The addition (either before or after) of the particle ĉi to the singular and plural respectively, gives this and these. Ex.:

Tiu viro, that man. Tiu estas mia, that (one) is mine.

Mi elektas tiun, I choose that (one).

Mi preferas tiun ĉi (or ĉi tiujn), I prefer this (one).

Tiuj ĉi (or ĉi tiuj) estas miaj, these are mine.

Mi portos tiujn ĉi, I will carry these.

Interrogative Pronouns.

Kiu?—who, which? Plural, kiuj? Kio?—what? Kies?—whose? Al kiu?—to whom? Kiun?—whom? (acc.), kiujn? (acc. plu.). Ex.:

Kiu estas tiu?—who is that?

Kiun vi deziras vidi?—whom do you desire to see?

Kiuj foriris?—which (ones) went away?

Kiujn vi vidis?—which ones did you see?

Kiu is also used with Adjectival meaning. Thus: Kiu libro estas via?—which book is yours? Kiun libron vi preferas?—which book do you prefer? Kiuj domoj apartenas al vi?—which houses belong to you? Kiujn stratojn vi konas?—which streets do you know? Kio estas tio?—what is that? Kion li volas?—what does he want?

The English -ever is translated by ajn. For example: Kiu ajn li estas, ne parolu al li, whoever he be, do not speak to him. Kies ajn, whosesoever. Kiu(j)n ajn, whomever.

Relative Pronouns.

The Relative Pronouns are identical with the Interrogative: Kiu(j), who, that, which, kiu(j)n, whom, that, which. Ex.:

La libro, kiun vi legas, the book (which) you are reading.

Tiu, kiu parolis al vi, the one who spoke to you.

La personoj, kiujn li konas, the persons (whom) he knows.

Tio, kion li diras, ne estas vera, what he says is not true.

La arbo, kies supron vi vidas, the tree whose top you can see.

Indefinite Pronouns.

iu (acc. iun), anyone, someone or other;

ies, anyone's, someone's;

iuj (acc. iujn), any persons, some persons or other;

io (acc. ion), anything, something.

ĉiu (acc. ĉiun), everyone, each;

ĉies, everyone's, everybody's, each one's;

ĉiuj (acc. ĉiujn), everybody, all;

ĉio (acc. ĉion), everything, all.

neniu (acc. neniun), no one, nobody;

nenies, no one's, nobody's;

nenio (acc. nenion), nothing, not anything.

Note.—Iu, ĉiu, and neniu are also used with nouns. Thus: Kiun libron vi deziras? Which book do you desire? Iun ajn libron. Any book. Iu homo, any man, some man or other. Ĉiu bona patro amas siajn infanojn, every good father loves his children. Ĉiuj liaj amikoj (or ĉiu lia amiko), all his friends, every friend of his. Mi renkontis neniun amikon, I met no friend.

Other Pronominal Words and Expressions are:

multaj(n), many; multo(n), much; malmultaj(n), malmulte da…, a few. Ex.: malmultaj personoj, few persons; malmulte da scio, little knowledge.

kelkajn, some, several; kelke da…, some. Ex.: kelkaj personoj, some persons, several persons; kelke da libroj, some (quantity of) books.

alia(n), another, other; aliaj(n), others. Ex.: ili parolis unu al alia, they spoke to one another; ni parolis unu al la alia, we spoke to each other; unu aŭ la alia taŭgos, either (one or the other) will do; nek unu nek la alia konvenas, neither (one nor the other) is suitable.

ambaŭ (invariable), both. Ex.: ambaŭ venis, both came; mi konas ambaŭ fratojn, I know both brothers; mi vidis ilin ambaŭ, I saw both of them; mi ŝatas ambaŭ, I like both.

The Verb.

Tenses.

The Verb in Esperanto has three main Tenses—the Present, Past, and Future. These are denoted by means of the verbal endings -as, -is, and -os. Thus, from the root vid, see, are formed:

Present. | Past. | Future.
mi vidas, I see | mi vidis, I saw | mi vidos, I shall see

Moods.

Every Esperanto verb has three Moods—the Conditional, the Imperative, and the Infinitive, which are formed respectively by means of the endings -us, -u, and -i. Thus:

Conditional. | Imperative. | Infinitive.
mi vidus, I should see | vidu, see! | vidi, to see

The Conditional Mood is used to express supposition; the three Tenses, on the other hand, are used to express facts or actual happenings. (For examples, see "Conjunctions," page 83.)

The Imperative Mood is used to express an order, desire, wish, will, etc. (See page 84.) Used with the personal pronouns of the 1st and 2nd persons, this mood corresponds to the English let, used as an expression of a wish. Thus: mi pensu, let me think; li venu morgaŭ, let him come to-morrow; ili parolu, let them speak.

Note that let sometimes means to allow, to give leave, in which case the verb lasi is used. Thus: let (allow) him come, lasu lin veni; leave it there, lasu ĝin tie.

The Imperative may be used interrogatively to translate the English shall, with an idea of wish or desire. Thus:

What shall I give you? Kion mi donu al vi?

What shall we do to-day? Kion ni faru hodiaŭ?

What will he do? would of course be simply Kion li faros?—for there is here no question of desire or wish, but merely a question of future action.

The Infinitive Mood is used to express the mere idea of the verb, without any limit of person or number, and corresponds to the English to before the verb. Thus: kuri, to run; paroli, to speak.

Note.—In Esperanto, as is largely the case in English, the mood and tense endings of the verb do not vary according to person or number. For instance: mi vidas, I see, li vidas, he sees; also ni vidis, we saw, ili vidis, they saw; vi vidos, you will see; oni vidos, one will see; ŝi vidus, she would see, vi vidus, you would see.

Participles.

There are in Esperanto six participles, three active and three passive, corresponding to three tenses. They are formed in the Active by means of the endings -ant, -int, and -ont, and in the Passive by means of the endings -at, -it, -ot, with the addition of the adjectival termination -a. Thus:

Active. | Present. | Past. | Future.
| vidanta, seeing | vidinta, having-seen | vidonta, about-to-see
Passive. |  |  |
| vidata, (being) seen | vidita, (having-been) seen | vidota, (about-to-be) seen

The Participles may be used either as Nouns, Adjectives, or Adverbs, the terminations -o, -a, -e being added to the participial endings as required. When used as nouns or adjectives, they of course take the sign of the Plural (-j) and of the Accusative (-n) when the construction of the sentence so requires. Ex.:

(1) Active. En la venonta jaro, in the coming year. La parolanto, the speaker. La aŭskultantoj, the audience (lit., listeners). Mi vidis lin skribantan, I saw him writing. Li foriris kurante, he went off at a run. Li revenis ne vidinte sian amikon, he returned without having seen his friend.

(2) Passive. La ekzamenato, the examinee. La mortigitoj kaj vunditoj, the killed and wounded. Estimata sinjoro, dear (lit., esteemed) sir. Frapote, li sin defendis, about to be struck, he defended himself. Mi aŭdis tiun himnon kantatan, I heard that hymn sung.

Compound Tenses.

The Compound Tenses are formed by means of the auxiliary verb esti, to be. Thus, by the combination of the participles with the six tenses and moods, we obtain thirty-six compound tenses, enabling us to express with the utmost precision any time-relation whatsoever. We have in all:

li estas,
or estus,
or estis,
or estu,
or estos
or esti
vidanta or vidata
vidinta or vidita
vidonta or vidota

The use of the participles is very easy when once one grasps the fact that the auxiliary esti serves to denote the particular division of time, or the particular manner, of the occurrence of the action denoted by the participle. Ex.:

Li estis skribanta, kiam mi vidis lin, he was writing when I saw him.

Li estis fininta, kiam mia amiko alvenis, he had finished (lit., was having finished) when my friend arrived.

Mi estis tuj forironta, kiam vi aperis, I was just about to go out when you appeared.

Li estas nunmomente parolanta, he is speaking at this very moment.

Li estas mortonta, he is about to die.

Li estus jam foririnta, he would have already departed (lit., would be already gone away).

The word by after a Passive is translated by the preposition de. Thus: The wood was being chopped by the boy, la ligno estis hakata de la knabo. He has been seen by all, li estas vidita de ĉiuj.

Note.—The Compound Tenses should not be used if the Simple Tenses suffice to show the meaning clearly. Thus, I have seen him is more neatly expressed by mi jam vidis lin than by mi estas vidinta lin. Li jam foriris might stand for either he had gone or he has gone, according to circumstances, and the context would clearly show which was meant. Li parolas is generally quite right for he is speaking. Li estas parolanta should be used only when it is particularly intended to show that he is actually engaged in the act of speaking.

The Adverb.

In Esperanto, Adverbs are denoted by the ending -e, and may be placed in any position, either before or after the verb. Thus: bela, beautiful—bele, beautifully; vera, true—vere, truly. Li parolas saĝe, he speaks wisely. Li rapide kuras, he runs quickly.

Adverbial Numbers.

Adverbial Numbers are formed by adding -e to the Cardinals. Thus: unue (1e), firstly; trie (3e), thirdly; sepe (7e), etc.

The Preposition.

In English, one preposition often has many different meanings. In Esperanto, on the contrary, every preposition, with the exception of the word je, has one precise and fixed meaning.

The preposition je is the only one in Esperanto without a definite meaning. It sometimes happens that one wishes to use a preposition of some sort or other, but is uncertain just which preposition will precisely express the idea. In such cases je is used. Thus: He laughed at me, li ridis je mi; full of water, plena je akvo; six metres long, longa je ses metroj; fear of him, timo je li, etc.

Je should not be abused. Its too frequent use is a mark of the beginner in the language.

Use of Accusative.

When there is no ambiguity to be feared, the preposition je, and even other prepositions, are often omitted in Esperanto; and the word to which the preposition, if expressed, would have referred is put into the accusative. Thus, instead of saying li ridas je mi (he is laughing at me), one might say li ridas min; similarly, du metrojn alta would stand for alta je du metroj. Ĝi kostis je tri ŝilingoj is more usually expressed: ĝi kostis tri ŝilingojn. Mi restis tie dum kvin horoj (I stayed there for five hours) could be: mi restis tie kvin horojn; and so on.

Certain prepositions, viz., antaŭ, before, ĉe, at, en, in, sub, under, sur, on, kontraŭ, against, super, over, and trans, across, are often used to denote movement towards, whereas of themselves they only express rest at. In order to make it quite clear whether motion or rest is intended, use is made of the accusative. Thus: li promenis en la urbo, he took a walk in the city; but li promenis en la urbon, he took a walk into the city. Li kuris antaŭ mi, he ran (along) before or in front of me; but li paŝis antaŭ min, he stepped in front of me; and so on.

Adverbs are sometimes used with prepositional force. Thus: proksime de la domo, near the house; dekstre de la arbo, on the right of the tree, etc.

The Conjunction.

A full list of Conjunctions will be found on page 72. The following constructions should be noted:

Tenses after Ke (that).

Mi vidis, ke ŝi ploras, I saw (that) she was crying.

Mi sciis, ke li venos, I knew that he would come.

Mi sciis, ke li jam alvenis, I knew (that) he had already arrived.

Li diris, ke se li estus tiel granda, kiel mi, li facile farus tion, he said that if he were as tall as I, he would easily do that.

Note that in Esperanto the verb is put in the exact time or tense used by the speaker. Thus: mi ne sciis, ĉu li venos, I did not know whether he would (lit., will) come; ili ne diris, ĉu ili vin renkontis, they did not say whether they had met you.

Use of Imperative.

After verbs expressing wish, intention, will, or desire, or command, the verb following is put in the Imperative Mood. Thus: mi ordonas, ke li venu, I order that he come (him to come); mi tre deziris, ke li vivu, I very much wanted him to live; ili intencis, ke ni perdu, they intended us to lose. Here the actual expressions used were: li venu, li vivu, ili perdu.

Use of Conditional after Se.

Se vi tiel diris, vi malprave faris, if you spoke thus you did wrongly.

Se vi tiel dirus, vi estus malprava, if you said (were to say) thus, you would be wrong.

Se vi venos, vi vidos, if you (will) come, you will see.

Interjections.

The following are the principal Interjections:

adiaŭ! | adieu! farewell!
ah! | ah!
antaŭen! | forward!
atentu! | look out!
bis! | encore!
bone! | good!
certe! | certainly!
ĉu ne? or ĉu ne vere? | is not that so?
ĉu vere? | is that so?
efektive! | indeed!
fi! | fie!
for! | away! be off!
ha! | ha!
halt! | halt!
he! | hey! halloo!
ho! | oh!
ho ve! | alas!
hontinde! | shameful!
jen! | there!
kompreneble! | naturally! of course!
ne! | no!
neeble! | impossible!
nu! | well!
rapide! | quick!
rapidu! | hurry up!

Formation of Words.

In Esperanto, considerable use is made of prefixes and suffixes, every one of which has a clear, fixed meaning. Great economy of vocabulary is thus effected, one root-word in Esperanto sufficing, when modified by suitable affixes, to translate many English words. Many of the affixes are often met with as single words. In such cases the English translation is added after the various examples of the affix in question.

Prefixes.

bo- denotes Relationship by Marriage: patro, father, bopatro, father-in-law; filo, son, bofilo, son-in-law.

dis- denotes Separation: ĵeti, to throw, disĵeti, to scatter, throw about; peli, to drive along, dispeli, to dispel, fali, to fall, disfali, to fall apart, fall to pieces.

ek- denotes a Beginning of an Action, a Momentary Action: iri, to go, ekiri, to begin to go, to start; brili, to shine, ekbrili, to begin to shine, to flash.

ge- denotes the Two Sexes Taken Together: patro, father, gepatroj, father and mother, parents; frato, brother, gefratoj, brother(s) and sister(s); Gesinjoroj B., Mr. and Mrs. B.

mal- denotes the Opposite of an Idea: bona, good, malbona, bad; ŝati, to like, malŝati, to dislike; amiko, friend, malamiko, enemy; laŭta, loud, mallaŭte, softly.—Malo, an opposite; male, on the contrary.

pra- is a prefix of Relationship, corresponding to the English FORE-, GREAT-: patro, father, prapatro, forefather, ancestor; avo, grandfather; praavo, great-grandfather; nepo, grandson, pranepo, great-grandson.

re- denotes Return and Repetition: iri, to go, reiri, to go back, or to go again; repreni, to take back; revidi, to see again.—Ree, again.

Suffixes.

-aĉ denotes that a word is used in a Bad Sense, with Disparagement: domo, a house, domaĉo, a hovel; ridi, to laugh, ridaĉi, to sneer.

-ad denotes Continuation or Duration of an action: paroli, to speak, paroladi, to make a speech; kanto, a song, kantado, singing; vojaĝo, a voyage, vojaĝado, travelling; rido, a laugh, ridado, laughter.

-aĵ denotes some Concrete Thing characterized by the idea contained in the root: bela, beautiful, belaĵo, a beautiful thing; nutri, to feed, nourish, nutraĵo (or nutrantaĵo), food; ĝentila, polite, ĝentilaĵo, a polite act, act of politeness; bovo, ox, bovaĵo, beef.—Aĵo, a thing.

-an denotes a Partisan of, a Member, an Inhabitant: Kristo, Christ, Kristano, a Christian; eklezio, a church, ekleziano, a churchman; Londonano, a Londoner.—Ano, a member.

-ar denotes a Collection of, a Number of: arbo, tree, arbaro, a forest; homo, a human being, homaro, mankind; vorto, a word, vortaro, a dictionary.—Aro, a collection, number, gathering.

-ĉj added to the first two to five letters of a word, is used to denote Masculine Diminutives of Endearment: Johano, John, Joĉjo, Jack; patro, father, paĉjo, papa, daddy.

-ebl denotes Possibility, and corresponds to the English suffixes -ABLE, -IBLE: kredi, to believe, kredebla, credible; videbla, visible; al, to, iri, to go, alirebla, accessible.

-ec denotes Abstract Ideas, Qualities and corresponds to the English suffixes -NESS, -SHIP, etc.: feliĉa, happy, feliĉeco, happiness; alta, high, alteco, height; reĝo, king, reĝeco, kingship.

-eg denotes Augmentation, Intensity of Degree: granda, big, great, grandega, enormous; bela, beautiful, belega, magnificent; ŝtono, stone, ŝtonego, rock; pafilo, a gun, pafilego, cannon.

-ej denotes a Place specially set apart for or allotted to: preĝi, to pray, preĝejo, church; manĝi, to eat, manĝejo, refectory; kuirejo, kitchen; enirejo, entrance; elirejo, exit.

-em denotes Propensity, Inclination, Disposition: paroli, to talk, parolema, talkative; mensogi, to lie, mensogema, untruthful.

-er denotes an Element of, a Unit, a Grain: polvo, dust, polvero, a grain of dust; fajrero, a spark; hajlero, hailstone; mono, money, monero, a coin.—Ero, particle, grain, element.

-estr denotes a Chief, Leader, Head: regno, state; regnestro, head of the state, ruler; lernejo, school, lernejestro, head-master.—Estro, leader, chief; estraro, the authorities; estri, to act as chief.

-id denotes a Descendant, Offspring, Young of: bovo, ox, bovido, calf; ŝafo, a sheep, ŝafido, lamb; Izraelido, Israelite; la homidoj, the sons of man; Sro. Brown kaj la Brownidoj, Mr. Brown and the little Browns.—Ido, a descendant, child; idaro, descendants, offspring.

-et denotes Diminution of Degree (compare -eg above): bela, beautiful, beleta, pretty; venteto, breeze; ridi, to laugh, rideti, to smile; bona, good, boneta, fairly good, mediocre.—Eta, tiny.

-ig denotes a Making, Rendering, Causing to Be: granda, great, grandigi, to enlarge; venigi kuraciston, to send for (cause to come) a doctor; halti, to stop (intr.), haltigi, to stop (tr.); tranĉigi al si la harojn, to get one's hair cut.—Igi, to make, render.

-iĝ denotes a Becoming, Getting, Growing, Being made: hela, bright, heliĝi, to grow or become bright; ruĝa, red, ruĝiĝi, to redden, blush; disiĝi, to separate (intr.).—Iĝi, to become.

With transitive verbs iĝ- is used to make intransitive verbs, thus: renversi, to overthrow, turn upside down, renversiĝi, to turn (intr.) upside down, to get overthrown; fari, to make, fariĝi, to become; perdiĝi, to get lost; vidiĝi, to be seen.

Used with intransitive verbs, iĝ- gives the idea of a becoming, a Gradual Transition from one state to another: morti, to die, mortiĝi, to become dead, to die away, to expire; sidi, to be seated, sidiĝi, to become seated, to sit down.

Note that, since verbs in -iĝ are of necessity intransitive, their participles should only be used in the active form. Thus: renversiĝinta, having become overthrown, and not renversiĝita; perdiĝinta, having become lost, not perdiĝita; and so on. One might of course simply say renversita, overthrown, and perdita, lost, though the meaning would in that case not be quite the same.

-il denotes an Instrument, Tool, or Means: tranĉi, to cut, tranĉilo, a knife; filtri, to filter, filtrilo, a filter; teni, to hold, tenilo, a handle.—Ilo, tool, instrument; ilaro, set of tools.

-ind denotes Worthiness (English -WORTHY): laŭdi, to praise, laŭdinda, praiseworthy; vidinda, worth seeing, vidindaĵoj, things worth seeing, sights.—Inda (je), worthy (of); indeco, worthiness.

-ing denotes the Holder of a Single Object (compare -uj below): plumo, pen, plumingo, penholder; fingro, finger, fingringo, thimble; cigaringo, cigar-holder.—Ingo, a socket, holder.

-in denotes Feminines: viro, a man, virino, a woman; patro, father, patrino, mother.—Ino, a female.

-ist denotes Trade, Occupation, Profession: labori, to work, laboristo, workman; kuraci, to treat (medically), kuracisto, doctor.

-nj added to the first two to five letters of a word, is used to form Feminine Diminutives of Endearment (compare -ĉj above): Johanino, Jane, Johanjo, Jenny; patrino, mother, panjo, mamma.

-uj denotes a Receptacle which contains or bears a Collection or a Quantity of things or material (compare -ing above): mono, money, monujo, purse; inko, ink, inkujo, inkstand.—Ujo, a utensil case, bin.

The suffix -uj is also used to denote Trees bearing certain fruits: pomo, apple, pomujo, apple-tree; ĉerizujo, cherry-tree; rozujo, rose-bush. The word arbo, however, is more frequently used in such cases: pomarbo, rozarbeto, etc.

-Uj is also used to denote the Names of Countries: Anglo, Englishman, Anglujo, England; Franco, a Frenchman, Francujo, France. (See footnote 4, p. 40.)

-ul denotes a Being characterised by the Idea contained in the Root-word: bela, beautiful, belulino, a beautiful woman, a beauty; kulpo, blame, kulpulo, culprit; laŭdindulo, one worthy to be praised; bonulo, a good fellow; bonegulo, a jolly good fellow.

-um is an Indefinite Suffix, like the word je among the prepositions, Thus: pleni, to fill, plenumi, to fulfil (compare plenigi, to fill); kolo, neck, kolumo, collar; aero, air, aerumi, to air (a room, clothes, etc.).

[Words containing -um should be learnt as independent roots.]

Compound Words.

In Esperanto, any word can be combined with any other word or words to form a compound word. Considerable use is made of prepositions for this purpose. The requisite grammatical ending must of course be added in each case. The student should carefully study the following words, and also those given above, and endeavour to form words for himself.9 Ability to form words readily is absolutely necessary to fluent speech or composition in the language. In the examples given below the component parts of the words are separated by a small stroke ('), but these are of course omitted in ordinary usage:

El'iri, | to go out
antaŭ'ĉambro, | antechamber
pri'pensi, | to think over, reflect upon
preter'paŝi, | to pass by
per'labori, | to earn (gain by working)
per'forto, | violence
tra'vivi, | to live through, experience
supre'n'iri, | to go up, ascend
inter'rompi, | to interrupt
kun'veno, | an assembly, meeting
al'paroli, | to address, accost
inter'rilati, | to relate one with another
inter'rilatoj, | inter-relations
inter'nacia, | international
skrib(o)'tablo, | writing-table
dorm(o)'ĉambro, | bedroom
naz'tuko, | handkerchief
ter'tremo, | earthquake
glit'iri, | to skate
glit'veturilo, | a sleigh
pied'ir'anto, | a pedestrian
bru'fermi, | to slam
facil'mova, | agile, easy-moving
hom'amo, | philanthropy
bon'far'anto, | benefactor
strat'lanterno, | street-lamp
bot'far'isto, | bootmaker
sam'profesi'anoj, | members of the same profession
ĉio'potenca, | all-powerful
libr'amanto, | a book-lover
doktor'edzino, | doctor's wife
mon'akir'ilo, | a means of getting money
ĉio'n'faranta, | all-doing
alt'anima, | high-souled
vivi'pova, | capable of life
ali'landulo, | foreigner
ali'maniere, | in another way
tiu'speca, | of that kind

CORRELATIVE WORDS.

INDEFINITE
Interrog. Rel. K
Demonstrative T
Distributive Ĉ
Negative NEN

QUALITY
IA
Some (kind of)
Any (kind of)
KIA
What (sort of)?

TIA
That sort of
Such (a)
ĈIA
Each kind of
Every (kind of)
NENIA
No (kind of)

REASON
IAL
For some reason
For any reason
KIAL
For what reason?
Why?
TIAL
For that reason
Therefore
ĈIAL
For every reason
On every account
NENIAL
For no reason
On no account

TIME
IAM
At some time
Sometimes, ever
KIAM
At what time?
When?
TIAM
At that time
Then
ĈIAM
At all times
Always, each time
NENIAM
At no time
Never

PLACE
IE
At any place
Somewhere
KIE
At what place?
Where?
TIE
In that place
There
ĈIE
At each place
Everywhere
NENIE
At no place
Nowhere

MANNER
IEL
In some way
anyhow
KIEL
In what way?
How? Like, as
TIEL
In that way
So, thus, as
ĈIEL
In every way
In each way
NENIEL
In no way
Nohow

POSSESSION
IES
Somebody's
Anybody's
KIES
Whose?
What person's?
TIES
That one's
That person's
ĈIES
Everyone's
Each one's
NENIES
Nobody's
No one's

THING
IO
Something
Anything
KIO
What (thing)?

TIO
That (thing)

ĈIO
All
Everything
NENIO
Nothing
Nought

QUANTITY
IOM
Some
A little
KIOM
How much?
What Quantity?
TIOM
So much
That quantity
ĈIOM
All
The whole quantity
NENIOM
None

INDIVIDUALITY
IU
Anyone
KIU
What person?
TIU
That one
ĈIU
Everyone, every
NENIU
Nobody, no one

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES AND SENTENCES.

Useful and Necessary Expressions.
(Utilaj kaj Necesaj Esprimoj.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Do you speak English?
Ĉu vi parolas angle?
choo vee pahro'lahss ahn'gleh?

I do not speak English.
Mi ne parolas angle.
mee neh pahro'lahss ahn'gleh

Is there anyone here who speaks Esperanto?
Ĉu estas ĉi tie iu, kiu parolas Esperante?
choo eh'stahss chee tee'eh ee'oo, kee'oo pahro'lahss espehrahn'teh?

How long have you learnt?
Dum kiom da tempo vi lernadis?
doom kee'ohm dah tehm'po vi lehrnah'deess?

A short time only
Dum nur mallonga tempo
doom noor mahl-lohn'gah tehmpo

You have a good accent
Vi havas bonan akcenton
vee ha'vahss boh'nahn ahk-tsehn'ton

I find the pronunciation very easy
Mi trovas la elparoladon tre facila
mee tro'vahss lah ehl-parolah'dohn treh faht-see'lah

If you please
Se plaĉas
seh plah'chahss

Thank you; thanks!
Mi dankas; dankon!
mee dahn'kahss; dahn'kohn!

I thank you
Mi dankas vin
mee dahn'kahss veen

Much obliged
Vi estas tre kompleza
vee eh'stahss treh kohmpleh'zah

Have the goodness
Havu la bonecon
hah'voo lah bo-neht'sohn

Yes, sir
Jes, sinjoro
yehss, seen-yoh'roh

Yes, miss
Jes, fraŭlino
yehss, frahw-lee'no

No, madam
Ne, sinjorino
neh, seen-yoh-ree'no

Allow me
Permesu (min)
pehrmeh'soo (meen)

Bring me
Alportu al mi
ahlpohr'too ahl mee

Do you understand?
Ĉu vi komprenas?
choo vee kohmpreh'nahss?

I do not understand
Mi ne komprenas
mee neh kohm-preh'nahss

I understand
Mi komprenas
mee kohm-preh'nahss

Give me
Donu al mi
doh'noo ahl mee

Send me
Sendu al mi
sehn'doo ahl mee

Tell me
Diru al mi
deer'oo ahl mee

Will you kindly tell me?
Ĉu vi afable dirus al mi?
choo vee ahfah'bleh deer'ooss ahl mee?

What do you say?
Kion vi diras?
kee'ohn vee deer'ahss?

I beg your pardon
Mi petas vian pardonon
mee peh'tahss vee'ahn pahrdoh'nohn

Speak louder
Parolu pli laŭte
pa-ro'loo plee lah'w-teh

What did you ask?
Kion vi demandis?
kee'ohn vee deh-mahn'deess?

What does it signify?
Kion tio signifas?
kee'ohn tee'oh signee'fahss?

It is nothing
(Ĝi) estas nenio
(jee) eh'stahss neh-nee'o

It is all the same to me
Estas por mi indiferente
ehstahss pohr mee indifehrehn'teh

Never mind
Ne zorgu pri tio
neh zor'goo pree tee'oh

What is the matter?
Kio estas?
kee'oh eh'stahss?

Nothing
Nenio
nehnee'oh

It is all a mistake
Estas pura eraro
eh'stahss poor'ah ehrahr'oh

What is it about?
Pri kio estas?
pree kee'oh eh'stahss?

What is to be done?
Kion fari?
kee'ohn fahr'ee?

I haven't a notion
Mi tute ne scias
mee too'teh neh stsee'ahs

That depends
Tio dependas
tee'oh dehpehn'dahss

I don't believe it
Mi ne kredas ĝin
mee neh kred'ahss jeen

Of course
Kompreneble
kohmpreh-neh'bleh

On the contrary
Kontraŭe
kohntrah'weh

Once for all
Unu fojon por ĉiam
oonoo foyohn por chee'ahm

After all
Kiam ĉio estas konsiderita
kee'ahm chee'oh eh'stahss kohn-seedeh-ree'tah

That is of no consequence
Tio ne estas grava
tee'oh neh eh'stahss grah'vah

The other day
La alian tagon
lah ahlee'ahn tah'gohn

At the end of a year
Post unu jaro
post oo'noo yah'ro

Between ourselves
Inter ni
in'tehr nee

Everybody knows
Ĉiu scias
chee'oo stsee'ahss

I remember it
Mi memoras tion
mee meh-mohr'ahss tee'ohn

All at once
Subite
soobee'teh

Sooner or later
Frue aŭ malfrue
froo'eh ahw mahlfroo'eh

Ever so little
Tre tre malmulte
treh treh mahl-mool'teh

You are joking
Vi ŝercas
vee shehrt'sahss

You are right
Vi estas prava
vee eh'stahss pra'vah

Leave me alone
Lasu min trankvila
lahsoo meen trahnkvee'lah

Don't be angry
Ne koleru
neh ko-lehr'oo

So much the more
Tiom pli
tee'ohm plee

For want of time
Pro manko de tempo
pro mahn'ko deh tehm'po

Take this
Prenu tion
preh'noo tee'ohn

Make haste!
Rapidu!
rahpee'doo!

Come along!
Venu!
veh'noo!

Take care!
Zorge!
zohr'gheh!

Look out!
Atentu!
ahtehn'too!

Listen!
Aŭskultu!
ahw-skool'too!

Come in!
Eniru!
ehneer'oo!

(Come) here!
(Venu) tien ĉi!
(veh'noo) tee'ehn chee!

Go away!
Foriru!
for-eer'oo!

This way
Tien ĉi
tee'ehn chee

That way
Tien
tee'ehn

Too soon
Tro frue
tro froo'eh

Too late
Tro malfrue
tro mahl-froo'eh

Who is it calls me?
Kiu min vokas?
kee'oo meen vo'kahss?

What do you want?
Kion vi volas?
kee'ohn vee vo'lahss?

Would you kindly?
Ĉu vi afable…?
choo vee ahfah'bleh…?

Do your best
Faru vian eblon
fahroo vee'ahn eh'blohn

It only depends upon you
Tio dependas nur de vi
tee'oh dehpehn'dahss noor deh vee

With all my heart
Kun mia tuta koro
koon mee'ah too'tah kohr'oh

I am going to town
Mi iras urbon
mee eer'ahss oor'bohn

Are we going anywhere?
Ĉu ni ien iras?
choo nee ee'ehn eer'ahss?

Where have you come from?
De kie vi venis?
deh kee'eh vee veh'neess?

Don't go away
Ne foriru
neh for-eer'oo

I shall go home
Mi iros hejmen
mee eer'ohss heh'y-mehn

He has come back
Li revenis
lee rehveh'neess

He has just come in
Li ĵus eniris
lee zhooss ehneer'eess

On horseback
Surĉevale
soor-chehvah'leh

From top to bottom
De supre ĝis malsupre
deh soo'preh jees mahl-soo'preh

Upstairs
Supre
soo'preh

Downstairs
Malsupre
mahl-soo'preh

In some way or other
Iel
ee'ehl

In the meantime
Intertempe
in'tehr-tehm'peh

First of all
Unue
oonoo'eh

That is just like you!
Jen ja via maniero!
yehn yah vee'ah mah-nee-ehr'oh!

It is not my fault
Mi ne estas kulpa pri tio
mee neh eh'stahss kool'pah pree tee'oh

That is what vexes me
Jen kio min kolerigas
yehn kee'oh meen kol-ehree'gahss

Don't imagine that…
Ne imagu (al vi), ke…
neh imah'goo (ahl vee), keh…

What good is it?
Kion (ĝi) utilas?
kee'ohn jee ootee'lahss?

Where was I?
Kie mi estis?
kee'eh mee eh'steess?

As for me
Pri mi mem
pree mee mehm

He began to laugh
Li komencis ridi
lee komehnt'seess ree'dee

I cannot see any longer
Mi ne plu povas vidi
mee neh ploo po'vahss vee'dee

Three are enough for me
Tri sufiĉas por mi
tree soofee'chahss pohr mee

One is as good as the other
Unu estas tiel bona, kiel la alia
oo'noo eh'stahss tee'ehl bo'nah, kee'ehl la ah-lee'ah

Will you give me?
Ĉu vi donos al mi?
choo vee doh'nohss ahl mee?

Everything considered
Post plena konsiderado
post pleh'nah konsid-eh-rah'doh

I can do without it
Ĝi ne estas nepre necesa
jee neh eh'stahss neh'preh nehtseh'sah

I have been told
Oni diris al mi
o'nee deer'eess ahl mee

I have come to tell you
Mi venis por diri al vi
mee veh'neess por deer'ee ahl vee

I am sure of it
Mi estas certa pri tio
mee eh'stahss tsehr'tah pree tee'oh

I don't think much of it
Mi ne multe ŝatas ĝin
mee neh mool'teh shah'tahss jeen

I have nothing to say against it
Mi havas nenion por diri kontraŭ ĝi
mee hah'vahss nehnee'ohn pohr deeree kohn-trahw jee

As much as I can
Tiom, kiom mi povas
tee'ohm, kee'ohm mee po'vahss

I like being here
Mi ŝatas esti tie ĉi
mee shah'tahss eh'stee tee'eh chee

That comes to the same thing
Tio estas la sama afero
tee'oh eh'stahss la sahmah ahfeh'ro

It answers the purpose
Ĝi taŭgas por la celo
jee tah'w-gahss pohr la tseh'lo

I value it very much
Mi tre alte taksas ĝin
mee treh ahl'teh tahk'sahss jeen

I cannot do it
Mi ne povas fari ĝin
mee neh po'vahss fahr'ee jeen

I am used to it
Mi kutimas tion
mee kootee'mahss tee'ohn

Expressions of Emotion, etc.
(Esprimoj de Emocio, k.t.p.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
What is it? | Kio estas? | kee'oh eh'stahss?
Is it possible? | Ĉu (estas) eble? | choo (eh'stahss) eh'bleh?
Indeed! | Ĉu vere! | choo vehr'eh!
That is impossible | Tio estas neebla | tee'oh eh'stahss neh-eh'blah
That cannot be | Tio ne povas esti | tee'oh neh po'vahss eh'stee
I am sorry for it | Mi bedaŭras tion | mee behdahw'rahss tee'ohn
You surprise me | Vi surprizas min | vee soorpree'zahss min
Oh, it's nothing! | Oh, estas nenio! | oh, eh'stahss nehnee'oh!
I am quite vexed about it | Mi estas efektive kolera pri ĝi | mee eh'stahss ehfektee'veh ko-lehr'ah pree jee
How vexing! | Kiel malagrable! | kee'ehl mahlah-grah'bleh!
I am sorry | Mi tre bedaŭras | mee treh beh-dah'w-rahss
What a pity! | Kiel domaĝe! | kee'ehl domah'jeh!
It is a sad thing | Malĝoje estas | mahl-jo'yeh eh'stahss
I am very glad | Mi tre ĝojas | mee treh jo'yahss
It gives me much pleasure | Tio faras al mi multe da plezuro | tee'oh fah'rahss ahl mee mool'teh dah pleh-zoor'oh
How beautiful! | Kiel bela! | kee'ehl beh'lah!
What a shame! | Kia honto! | kee'ah hohn'toh!
How could you do so? | Kiel vi povis tiel fari? | kee'ehl vee po'veess tee'ehl fah'ree?
I am ashamed of you | Mi hontas pri vi | mee hohn'tahss pree vee
For shame! | Hontinde! | hohnteen'deh!
You are very much to blame | Vi estas tre kulpa | vee eh'stahss treh kool'pa
Don't apologise | Ne petu pardonon | neh peh'too pahr-dohn'ohn
I beg (your) pardon | Mi petas (vian) pardonon | mee peh'tahss (vee'ahn) pahr-doh'nohn
Pray don't mention it | Ne parolu pri tio, mi petas | neh pahro'loo pree tee'oh, mee peh'tahss

Enquiries.
(Demandoj.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Will you kindly…?
Ĉu vi afable…?
choo vee ahfah'bleh…?

Do you understand me?
Ĉu vi min komprenas?
choo vee meen kohm-preh'nahss?

Do you hear me?
Ĉu vi aŭdas min?
choo vee ah'w-dahss meen?

What is that?
Kio estas tio?
kee'oh eh'stahss tee'oh?

What do you mean?
Kion vi volas diri?
kee'ohn vee vo'lahss deer'ee?

Are you sure?
Ĉu vi estas certa?
choo vee eh'stahss tsehr'tah?

Can I speak to (see) Mr. A.?
Ĉu mi povas paroli al (vidi) Sinjoro(n) A.?
choo mee po'vahss pah-ro'lee ahl (vee'dee) seen-yohr'oh(n) A.?

When does he return?
Kiam li revenos?
kee'ahm lee rehveh'nohss?

Where is…?
Kie estas…?
kee'eh eh'stahss…?

What do you call that?
Kiel vi nomas tion?
kee'ehl vee no'mahss tee'ohn?

What does that mean?
Kion tio signifas?
kee'ohn tee'oh signee'fahss?

What is that for?
Por kio estas tio?
pohr kee'oh eh'stahss tee'oh?

Who is that?
Kiu estas tiu?
kee'oo eh'stahss tee'oo?

Who is there?
Kiu estas tie?
kee'oo eh'stahss tee'eh?

Is that Mr. A.?
Ĉu tiu estas Sinjoro A.?
choo tee'oo eh'stahss seenyohr'oh A.?

Which is the way to…?
Kiu estas la vojo al…?
kee'oo eh'stahss la vo'yo ahl…?

How can I get to…?
Kiel mi povas iri al…?
kee'ehl mee po'vahss eer'ee ahl…?

Is there a conveyance?
Ĉu estas veturilo?
choo ehstahss veh-toor-ee'lo?

Public Notices.
(Publikaj Avizoj.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Apartments to let
Luebla apartamento
loo-eh'blah apart-ah-mehn'toh

Dogs not admitted
Hundoj malpermesataj
hoon'doy mahlpehrmehsah'tahy

Entrance; exit
Enirejo; elirejo
ehneereh'yo; eleereh'yoh.

Fire alarm
Fajravertilo
fire-ahvehr-tee'lo

Free library
Senpaga biblioteko
sehnpah'gah beebleeoh-teh'ko

Furnished rooms
Meblitaj ĉambroj
mehblee'tahy chahm'broy

Knock; ring
Frapu; sonorigu
frah'poo; so-nohree'goo

No admittance
Eniro estas malpermesata
ehneer'oh eh'stahss mahlpehr-mehsah'tah

No road
Trairo malpermesata
trah-eer'oh mahlpehr-mehsah'tah

Keep off the grass
Ne iru sur la herbo
neh eer'oo soor lah hehr'boh

Refreshments
Bufedo
boo-feh'doh

No smoking allowed
Estas malpermesate fumi
estahss mahlpehr-meh-sah'teh foo'mee

Notice
Avizo
ahvee'zo

Please do not touch
Oni volu ne tuŝi
oh'nee vo'loo neh too'shee

Please wipe your feet
Oni estas petata viŝi la piedojn
ohnee ehstahss pehtah'tah, vee'shee lah pee-eh'doyn

Private
Privata
pree-vah'tah

Pull; push
Tiru; puŝu
teer'oo; poo'shoo

Road closed
Vojo fermita
vo'yo fehrmee'tah

Unfurnished rooms to let
Senmeblaj ĉambroj
sen-meh'blahy chahm'broy

Warning; caution
Averto; atentu
ahvehr'toh; ahtehn'too

Danger(ous)
Danĝero
dahn-jehr'oh

Travelling: By Railway.
(Veturado: per la Fervojo.)

(For Vocabulary see page 36.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

To the…station
Al la…stacio
ahl lah…staht-see'oh

Get my luggage; here is the ticket
Alportu miajn pakaĵojn; jen la bileto
ahlpohr'too mee'ahyn pakah'zhoyn; yehn lah beeleh'toh

Here is my luggage
Jen miaj pakaĵoj
yehn mee'ahy pakah'zhoy

Take it to the cloakroom
Portu ilin al la deponejo
pohr'too eeleen ahl la dehponeh'yo

I wish to register my luggage for…
Mi deziras registri miajn pakaĵojn al…
mee dehzeer'ahss reh-ghis'tree mee'ahyn pakah'zhoyn ahl…

The luggage is overweight
La pakaĵoj estas preter la pezo permesata
lah pakah'zhoy ehstahss preh'tehr lah peh'zo pehr-mehsah'tah

Where is the railway-station?
Kie estas la fervoja stacio?
kee'eh eh'stahss lah fehrvo'yah staht-see'oh?

— booking-office?
— biletejo?
— beeleh-teh'yo?

— enquiry office?
— informejo?
— infohrmeh'yo?

— ladies' waiting-room?
— atendejo de l' sinjorinoj?
— ahtehn-deh'yo dehl seenyohree'noy?

— refreshment room?
— bufedo?
— boofeh'doh?

— lavatory (w.c.)?
— necesejo?
— neht-sehseh'yo?

— train for…?
— vagonaro al…?
— vahgo-nah'roh ahl…?

Are you going by the express?
Ĉu vi veturos per la ekspreso?
choo vee vehtoor'ohss pehr la ekspreh'so?

When does the train start?
Kiam ekveturos la vagonaro?
kee'ahm ekvehtoor'ohss lah vahgo-nahr'oh?

Show me the timetable
Montru al mi la horlibron
mohn'troo ahl mee la hohr-lee'brohn

Can I book through to…?
Ĉu mi povas havi bileton rekte al…?
choo mee po'vahss hah'vee beeleh'tohn rek'teh ahl…?

I want a first-class (ticket) to…
Mi deziras unuaklasan bileton al…
mee dehzeer'ahss oon-oo'ah-klah'sahn bee-leh'tohn ahl…

Second return, Paris
Duaklasan iro-reiran, Parizo
doo'ah-klah'sahn eer'o-reh-eer'ahn, pahree'zo

Two third singles, Rome
Du triaklasajn irbiletojn, Romo
doo tree'ah-klah'sahyn eer-beeleh'toyn, ro'mo

One-and-a-half
Unu kaj duonon
oonoo kahy doo-oh'nohn

What is the fare to Bonn?
Kiom kostas la veturo al Bonno?
kee'ohm ko'stahss la vehtoor'oh ahl bonno?

What class, sir?
Kiu klaso, sinjoro?
kee'oh klah'so, seen-yohr'oh?

How much is it?
Kiom estas?
kee'ohm eh'stahss?

We want a sleeping carriage
Ni deziras dormkupeon
nee dehzeer'ahss dorm-koopeh'ohn

— a corridor carriage
— koridoran vagonon
— koridor'ahn vahgo'nohn

— a carriage for ladies
— kupeon rezervitan al sinjorinoj
— koopeh'ohn rehzehrvee'tahn ahl seenyoree'noy

— a smoking compartment
— kupeon por fumantoj
— koopeh'ohn pohr foo-mahn'toy

— a non-smoking compartment
— kupeon por nefumantoj
— koopeh'ohn pohr neh-foomahn'toy

— platform tickets
— peronbiletojn
— pehrohn'beeleh'toyn

Is this the train for…?
Ĉu tiu ĉi estas la vagonaro por…?
choo tee'oo chee eh'stahss lah vahgonahr'o pohr…?

Do I change anywhere on the journey?
Ĉu mi devos vagonŝanĝi dum la veturo?
choo mee deh'vohss vah-gohn-shahn'jee doom la vehtoor'o?

Where must I change for…?
Kie mi devas vagonŝanĝi por…?
kee'eh mee deh'vahss vahgohn-shahn'jee por…?

Is this seat engaged?
Ĉu tiu ĉi loko estas okupita?
choo tee'oo chee lo'ko eh'stahss okoopee'tah?

There is no room
Ne estas loko
neh eh'stahss lo'ko

The train is just going to start
La vagonaro tuj ekveturos
la vahgo-nahr'o too'y ehk-veh-toor'ohss

Call the guard
Alvoku la konduktoron
ahlvo'koo lah kondooktohr'ohn

Open the window
Malfermu la fenestron
mahlfehr'moo la fehneh'strohn

Close the door
Fermu la pordon
fehr'moo la pohr'dohn

Here is a station
Jen estas stacio
yehn eh'stahss stahtsee'oh

Do we stop here?
Ĉu ni haltas ĉi tie?
choo nee hahl'tahss chee tee'eh?

Do we get out here?
Ĉu ni devas tie ĉi elvagoniĝi?
choo nee deh'vahss tee'eh chee ehlvahgonee'jee?

Do we change carriages here?
Ĉu ni devas vagonŝanĝi ĉi tie?
choo nee deh'vahss vahgohn'shahn-jee chee tee'eh?

How long do we stop here?
Dum kiom da tempo ni haltos ĉi tie?
doom kee'ohm dah tehm'po nee hahl'tohss chee tee'eh?

Give up your ticket
Donu vian bileton
doh'noo vee'ahn beeleh'tohn

Here it is!
Jen!
yehn!

My luggage is lost
Miaj pakaĵoj estas perditaj
mee'ahy pakah'zhoy ehstahss pehrdee'tahy

Take your seats!
Envagoniĝu!
ehnvahgonee'joo!

Change for…!
Vagonŝanĝu por…!
vahgohn'shahnjoo por…!

All change!
Ĉiuj elvagoniĝu!
chee'oohy ehlvah-gonee'joo!

Show your tickets
Montru viajn biletojn
mohntroo vee'ahyn beeleh'toyn

All tickets must be shown
Ĉiu devas montri sian bileton
chee'oo dehvahss mohntree see'ahn beeleh'tohn

Tickets, please
La biletojn mi petas
la beeleh'toyn, mee pehtahss

Travelling: By Steamer.
(Veturado: per Vaporŝipo.)

(For Vocabulary see page 39.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Is this the boat for…?
Ĉu tiu ĉi estas la ŝipo por…?
choo tee'oo chee eh'stahss la shee'po por…?

Where is this boat going?
Kien iras ĉi tiu ŝipo?
kee'ehn eer'ahss chee tee'oo shee'po?

When do we start?
Kiam ni ekveturos?
kee'ahm nee ehkvehtoor'ohss?

When shall we arrive?
Kiam ni alvenos?
kee'ahm nee ahl-veh'nohss?

Time is up
Estas la horo
eh'stass la hohr'o

Where is your luggage?
Kie estas viaj pakaĵoj?
kee'eh eh'stahss vee'ahy pakah'zhoy?

Look for my things
Serĉu miajn aĵojn
sehr'choo mee'ahyn ah'zhoyn

There is another trunk
Estas ankoraŭ unu kofro
eh'stahss ahnkohr'ahw oo'noo ko'fro

Let us go down into the cabin
Ni malsupreniru en la kajuton
nee mahlsoo'prehneer'oo ehn la kahyoo'tohn

Where is my berth?
Kie estas mia dormujo?
kee'eh eh'stahss mee'ah dohr-moo'yo?

I want a cabin to myself
Mi deziras kajuton por mi sola
mee dehzeer'ahss kahyoo'tohn por mee so'la

Is the sea smooth?
Ĉu la maro estas trankvila?
choo la mah'ro ehstahss trahnk-vee'la?

The sea is rough
La maro estas maltrankvila
la mah'ro estahss mahltrahnk-vee'la

It is blowing a gale
Ventegas
vehnteh'gahss

I feel sick
Mi sentas naŭzon
mee sehn'tahss nahw'zohn

Can you get me some tea?
Ĉu vi povas havigi al mi iom da teo?
choo vee povahss havee'ghee ahl mee ee'ohm dah teh'oh?

Call the stewardess
Alvoku la servistinon
ahlvo'koo la sehrvistee'nohn

Where is the steward?
Kie estas la provizisto?
kee'eh eh'stahss la proveezist'o?

Where are we now?
Kie ni estas nun?
kee'eh nee eh'stahss noon?

We are nearly there
Ni preskaŭ alvenis
nee preh'skahw ahlveh'nees

Passengers are requested to keep clear of the gangway
La pasaĝeroj estas petataj, ne restadi sur la pasponteto
la pahsah-jehr'oy eh'stahss pehtah'tahy, neh rehstah'dee soor la pahss'pohnteh'toh

At the Custom House.
(Ĉe la Doganejo.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Come to the custom-house
Venu al la doganejo
veh'noo ahl la doh-gahneh'yo

The custom-house officer
La doganisto
lah doh-gahnist'oh

Have you your passport?
Ĉu vi havas vian pasporton?
choo vee ha'vahss veeahn pahsport'ohn?

Will you examine this trunk?
Ĉu vi vizitos tiun ĉi kofron?
choo vee veezee'tohs tee'oon chee ko'frohn?

Here are the keys
Jen la ŝlosiloj
yehn la shlo-see'loy

Open it
Malfermu ĝin
mahl-fehr'moo jeen

Unlock this box
Malfermu tiun ĉi skatolon
mahl-fehr'moo tee'oo chee skahtoh'lohn

Can I remove it?
Ĉu mi povas nun forporti ĝin?
choo mee po'vahss noon forport'ee jeen?

Have you anything to declare?
Ĉu vi havas ion deklarindan?
choo vee hah'vahss ee'ohn dehklarin'dahn?

I have nothing liable to duty
Mi havas nenion deklarindan
mee hah'vahss nehnee'ohn dehklarin'dahn

Have you any tobacco or cigars?
Ĉu vi havas tabakon aŭ cigarojn?
choo vee ha'vahss tahbah'kohn ahw tsee-gah'royn?

I have a few cigars
Mi havas kelkajn cigarojn
mee ha'vahss kehl'kahyn tsee-gah'royn

Those are free
Pri tiuj vi ne devas pagi
pree tee'ooy vee neh deh'vahss pah'ghee

Is that all?
Ĉu tio estas ĉio?
choo tee'oh eh'stahss chee'oh?

What is the duty?
Kiom estas la imposto?
kee'ohm eh'stahss la impoh'sto?

Is my luggage passed?
Ĉu oni vizitis miajn pakaĵojn?
choo oh'nee veezee'teess mee'ahyn pakah'zhoyn?

Arrival.
(Alveno.)

(For Vocabulary see page 36.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Call a cab | Venigu fiakron | vehnee'goo feeah'krohn
Closed, open | Fermitan, malfermitan | fehrmee'tahn, mahl-
I want a hansom | Mi bezonas duradan fiakron | mee behzo'nahss doo-rah'dahn feeah'krohn
Get me a four-wheeler | Venigu kvarradan fiakron | vehnee'goo kvar-rah'dahn feeah'krohn
Cab, sir? | Veturilon, sinjoro? | vehtooree'lohn, seenyo'ro?
Put my luggage in the cab | Metu miajn pakaĵojn en la fiakron | meh'too mee'ahyn pak-ah'zhoyn ehn la fee-ah'krohn
Where do you want to go, sir? | Kien vi deziras iri, sinjoro? | kee'ehn vee dehzeer'ahss eer'ee, seen-yo'ro?
Drive me to… | Veturigu min al… | vehtoo-ree'goo min ahl…
Driver, what is the fare by the journey? | Veturigisto, po kiom kostas la veturo laŭ distanco? | vehtooreeg-ist'o, po kee-ohm ko'stahss la vehtoor'o lahw distahntso?
By the hour? | Laŭhore? | lahw-ho'reh?
Drive quickly | Veturigu rapide | vehtooree'goo rahpee'deh
Drive slower | — pli malrapide | — plee mahlrahpee'deh
Stop! Go on! | Haltu! Daŭrigu! | hahl'too! dahwree'goo!

'Bus and Tram.
(Omnibuso kaj Tramveturilo.)

(For Vocabulary see page 36.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Where can I get a 'bus to…? | Kie mi povas trafi omnibuson al…? | kee'eh mee po'vahss trah'fee omnee-boo'sohn ahl…?
Is there a 'bus to…? | Ĉu oni povas omnibuse veturi al…? | choo o'nee po'vahss omnee-boo'seh vehtoor'ee ahl…?
We will take a 'bus | Ni iros omnibuse | nee eer'ohss omneeboo'seh
The tram station | La tramstacio | la trahm'staht-see'oh
Cars stop here | Tramveturiloj haltas ĉi tie | trahm'vehtoo-ree'loy hahl'tahss chee tee'eh
Does this car go to…? | Ĉu tiu ĉi veturilo iras al…? | choo tee'oo chee vehtoo-ree'lo eer'ahss ahl…?
No, the next one | Ne, la sekvonta | neh, la sehkvohn'tah
Wait till the car stops | Atendu, ĝis la veturilo haltos | ahtehn'doo, jees la vehtoo-ree'lo hahltohss
Do you pass…? | Ĉu vi preterveturas…? | choo vee preh'tehr-veh-too'rahss…?
Put me down at… | Lasu min eliĝi ĉe… | lah'soo meen ehlee'jee cheh…
Give me a ticket | Donu al mi bileton | doh'noo ahl mee beeleh'tohn
Any more fares? | Ĉu ĉiuj pagis? | choo chee'ooy pah'gheess?
Tickets, please | La biletojn, mi petas | la beeleh'toyn, mee peh-tahss
Outside only | Nur ekstere | noor eksteh'reh
Full inside | Plena interne | pleh'nah intehr'neh

Hotel and Rooms.
(Hotelo kaj Ĉambroj.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Which is the best hotel?
Kiu estas la plej bona hotelo?
kee'oo ehstahss la plehy' bo'nah hoteh'lo?

Furnished apartments
Meblita apartamento
mehblee'tah ahpartahmehn'toh

Apartments to let
Luebla apartamento
loo-eh'blah ahpartahmehn'toh

Unfurnished house
Nemeblita domo
nehmeh-blee'tah dohmo

Can I see your rooms?
Ĉu mi povas vidi viajn ĉambrojn?
choo mee po'vahss vee'dee vee'ahyn chahm'broyn?

Let me see the room
Montru al mi la ĉambron
mohn'troo ahl mee la chahm'brohn

What rooms do you want?
Kiujn ĉambrojn vi bezonas?
kee'ooyn chahm'broyn vee beh-zo'nahss?

I want a bedroom and sitting-room
Mi bezonas dormoĉambron kaj salonon
mee behzo'nahss dor'mo-chahm'brohn kahy saloh'nohn

What is the price of this room?
Kioma estas la prezo de tiu ĉambro?
kee'ohma eh'stahss la preh'zo deh tee'oo chahm'bro?

What do you charge?
Kiom vi postulas?
kee'ohm vee postoo'lahss?

I want a cheaper one
Mi deziras pli malkaran
mee dehzeer'ahss plee mahl-kah'rahn

That is too dear
Tio estas tro kara
tee'oh eh'stahss tro kah'rah

Have you a double-bedded room?
Ĉu vi havas dulitan ĉambron?
choo vee hah'vahss doolee'tahn chahm'brohn?

Are the beds well-aired?
Ĉu la litoj estas bone aerumitaj?
choo la lee'toy eh'stahss bo'neh ah-ehroomee'tahy?

We will take these rooms
Ni luos ĉi tiujn ĉambrojn
nee loo'ohss chee tee'ooyn chahm'broyn

How long do you want them for?
Dum kiom da tempo vi ilin bezonos?
doom kee'ohm dah tehm'po vee ee'leen behzo'nohss?

We shall stay a week
Ni restos dum unu semajno
nee reh'stohss doom oo'noo sehmahy'no

Are our rooms ready?
Ĉu niaj ĉambroj estas pretaj?
choo nee'ahy chahm'broy ehstahss prehtahy?

Let us have supper at once
Volu pretigu tuj nian vespermanĝon
vo'loo preh-tee'goo tooy nee'ahn vespehrmahn'john

Have you a table d'hôte?
Ĉu vi havas komunan manĝotablon?
choo vee hah'vahss komoo'nahn mahn'joh-tah'blohn?

Are there any letters for me?
Ĉu estas leteroj por mi?
choo eh'stahss lehtehr'oy pohr mee?

Can I have a warm bath?
Ĉu mi povas havi varman banon?
choo mee po'vahss ha'vee vahrmahn bahnohn?

Give me the key of my room
Donu al mi la ŝlosilon de mia ĉambro
doh'noo ahl mee la shlosee'lohn deh mee'ah chahm'bro

Bring me some warm water
Alportu al mi varman akvon
ahlport'oo ahl mee vahrmahn ahk'vohn

Where is the w.c.?
Kie estas la necesejo?
kee'eh ehstahss la nehtsehseh'yo?

Take my luggage down
Portu miajn pakaĵojn malsupren
port'oo mee'ahyn pakah'zhoyn mahl-soo'prehn

Give me a candle
Donu al mi kandelon
doh'noo ahl mee kahndeh'lohn

I have no matches
Mi ne havas alumetojn
mee neh hah'vahss ahloomeh'toyn

Call me at seven
Veku min je la sepa
veh'koo min yeh la sehpah

We leave early to-morrow morning
Ni foriros frue morgaŭmatene
nee foreer'ohss froo'eh mor'gahw-mahteh'neh

My bill, please
La kalkulon, mi petas
la kahlkoo'lohn, mee peh'tahss

Breakfast.
(Matenmanĝo.)

(For Vocabularies see pages 12 to 17 & 27 to 30.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Is breakfast ready?
Ĉu la matenmanĝo estas preta?
choo la mahtehn-mahn'jo eh'stahss preh'tah?

Breakfast is ready
La matenmanĝo estas preta
la mahtehn-mahn'jo eh'stahss preh'tah

Is the tea made?
Ĉu la teo estas farita?
choo la teh'oh eh'stahss fahree'tah?

Is the coffee strong enough?
Ĉu la kafo estas sufiĉe forta?
choo la kah'fo eh'stahss soofee'cheh fort'ah?

We want more cups
Ni bezonas pluajn tasojn
nee behzo'nahss ploo'ahyn tah'soyn

Take some more sugar
Prenu iom plu da sukero
preh'noo ee'ohm ploo dah sookeh'ro

A piece of toast
Peco de rostita pano
peht'so deh ro-stee'tah pa'noh

Do you drink tea or coffee?
Ĉu vi trinkas teon aŭ kafon?
choo vee trin'kahss tehohn ahw kah'fohn?

Cold meat
Malvarma viando
mahl-vahr'ma vee-ahn'doh

Will you take an egg?
Ĉu vi manĝos ovon?
choo vee mahn'johss o'vohn?

A rasher of bacon
Tranĉo de lardo
trahn'cho deh lahr'doh

These eggs are hard
Ĉi tiuj ovoj estas malmolaj
chee tee'ooy o-voy eh'stahss mahl-mo'lahy

Pass me the butter
Transdonu al mi la buteron
trahns-doh'noo ahl mee la bootehr'ohn

Give me the salt
Donu al mi la salon
doh'noo ahl mee la sahlon

Some rolls
Kelke da bulkoj
kehl'keh dah bool'koy

This butter is not fresh
Tiu ĉi butero ne estas freŝa
tee'oo chee bootehr'oh neh ehstahss freh'shah

Bring some more…
Alportu iom plu da…
ahlport'oo ee'ohm ploo dah…

Do you take milk and sugar?
Ĉu vi deziras lakton kaj sukeron?
choo vee dehzeer'ahss lahk'tohn kahy sookehr'ohn?

No sugar, thank you
Ne sukeron, mi dankas
neh sookehr'ohn, mee dahn'kahss

Coffee without milk
Kafo sen lakto
kah'fo sehn lahk'toh

Coffee with milk
Kafo kun lakto
kah'fo koon lahk'toh

A little more fish?
Iom plu da fiŝo?
ee'ohm ploo dah fee'sho?

Yes, please
Jes, mi petas
yehss, mee peh'tahss

Nothing more
Nenion plu
nehnee'ohn ploo

Dinner.
(Ĉefmanĝo.)

(For Vocabularies see pages 12 to 17 & 27 to 30.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

What time is dinner?
Je kioma horo estas la ĉefmanĝo?
yeh kee-oh'ma ho'ro eh-stahss la chehfmahn'jo?

When do you dine?
Je kioma horo vi ĉefmanĝas?
yeh kee-oh'ma ho'ro vee chehfmahn'jahss?

We shall dine at six o'clock
Ni ĉefmanĝos je la sesa
nee chehfmahn'johss yeh la seh'sah

Give me (show me) the bill-of-fare
Donu (montru) al mi la manĝokarton
doh'noo (mohn'troo) ahl mee la mahn'jo-kar'tohn

Waiter!
Kelnero!
kelnehr'oh!

What have you ready?
Kion vi havas preta?
kee'ohn vee hah'vahss preh'tah?

Have you any roast beef?
Ĉu vi havas rostitan bovaĵon?
choo vee hah'vahss ro-stee'than bovah'zhohn?

Are you hungry?
Ĉu vi malsatas?
choo vee mahlsah'tahss?

I am hungry
Mi malsatas
mee mahlsah'tahss

Are you thirsty?
Ĉu vi soifas?
choo vee so-ee'fahss?

I am very thirsty
Mi tre soifas
mee treh so-ee'fahss

What will you take?
Kion vi manĝos?
kee'ohn vee mahnjohss?

What shall I help you to?
Kion mi donu al vi?
kee'ohn mee dohnoo ahl vee?

What soup will you have?
Kian supon vi volas?
kee'ahn soo'pohn vee vo'lahss?

Will you take some soup?
Ĉu vi prenos iom da supo?
choo vee preh'nohss ee'ohm da soo'po?

Well done; under done
Elkuirita; ne elkuirita
ehlkoo-eeree'tah; neh ehlkoo-eeree'tah

Here are spinach and broccoli
Jen spinako kaj brokolio
yehn speenah'ko kahy brokohlee'oh

Help yourself
Servu vin
sehr'voo veen

It is excellent
Ĝi estas bonega
jee eh'stahss bo-neh'gah

What fish have you?
Kiajn fiŝojn vi havas?
kee'ahyn fee'shoyn vee hah'vahss?

Fried soles
Frititaj soleoj
fritee'tahy so-leh'oy

Will you take some more?
Ĉu vi deziras iom plu?
choo vee dehzeer'ahss ee'ohm ploo?

No, thank you
Ne, mi dankas
neh, mee dahn'kahss

Change the plates
Ŝanĝu la telerojn
shahnjoo la tehlehr'oyn

Give me a clean fork
Donu al mi puran forkon
doh'noo ahl mee poor'ahn fohr'kohn

A clean knife
Pura tranĉilo
poorah trahnchee'lo

Bring me a glass of water
Alportu al mi glason da akvo
ahlport'oo ahl mee glah'sohn dah ahk'vo

Give me something to drink
Donu al mi ion por trinki
doh'noo ahl mee ee'ohn pohr trin'kee

A bottle of wine
Botelo da vino
bo-teh'lo dah vee'no

What wines will you have?
Kiajn vinojn vi deziras?
kee'ahyn vee'noyn vee dehzeer'ahss?

Here is the list
Jen la listo
yehn la leest'oh

This wine is flat
Tiu ĉi vino sengustiĝis
tee'oo chee vee'no sehn-goost-ee'jees

What do I owe?
Kiom mi ŝuldas?
kee'ohm mee shool'dahss?

What is the charge?
Kiom estas?
kee'ohm eh'stahss?

Tea.
(Teo.)

(For Vocabularies see pages 12 to 17 & 27 to 30.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Will you come to tea?
Ĉu vi venos por trinki teon?
choo vee veh'nohss pohr trin'kee teh'ohn?

Tea is ready
La teo estas preta
la teh'oh ehstahss prehtah

Pour out the tea
Verŝu la teon
vehr'shoo la teh'ohn

Ring, if you please
Sonorigu, mi petas
so-noree'goo, mee peh'tahss

A little more milk
Iom plu da lakto
ee'ohm ploo dah lahk'toh

Some more bread and butter
Iom plu da pano kaj butero
ee'ohm ploo dah pah'no kahy bootehr'oh

Do you like your tea strong?
Ĉu vi ŝatas vian teon forta?
choo vee shah'tahss vee'ahn teh'ohn fort'ah?

Not too strong
Ne tro forta
neh tro fort'ah

I like it rather strong
Mi ŝatas ĝin iom forta
mee shah'tahss jeen ee'ohm fort'ah

Bring a saucer
Alportu subtason
ahlport'oo soobtah'sohn

Do you take cream?
Ĉu vi prenas kremon?
choo vee preh'nahss kreh'mohn?

This cream is sour
Tiu ĉi kremo estas malfreŝa
tee'oo chee kreh'mo eh'stahss mahlfreh'shah

Another cup of tea?
Ankoraŭ tason da teo?
ahnkoh'rahw tah'sohn dah teh'oh?

Is your tea sweet enough?
Ĉu via teo estas sufiĉe sukerita?
choo vee'ah teh'oh eh'stahss soofee'cheh soo-kehree'tah?

I should like a little less milk
Mi preferas iom malpli da lakto
mee prefehr'ahss ee'ohm mahl'pli dah lahk'toh

Health.
(La Sano.)

(For Vocabulary see page 26.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

How are you?
Kiel vi fartas?
kee'ehl vee fahr'tahss?

I am very well
Mi tre bone fartas
mee treh bo'neh fahr'tahss

I am ill
Mi estas malsana
mee eh'stahss mahlsah'nah

I am not very well
Mi ne tre bone fartas
mee neh treh bo'neh fahr'tahss

Are you quite well?
Ĉu vi bone fartas?
choo vee bo'neh fahr'tahss?

Quite well, thank you
Tute bone, mi dankas
too'teh bo'neh, mee dahn-kahss

Pretty well, thanks
Sufiĉe bone, dankon
soofee'cheh bo'neh, dahn-kohn

How do you feel?
Kiel vi vin sentas?
kee'ehl vee vin sehn'tahss?

I don't feel well
Mi ne sentas min en tre bona stato
mee neh sehntahss min ehn treh bo'nah stahtoh

I feel better
Mi sentas min en pli bona stato
mee sehn'tahss min ehn plee bo'nah stahtoh

I hope you will soon be better
Mi esperas ke vi baldaŭ resaniĝos
mee espeh'rahss, keh vee bahl'dahw rehsahnee'johss

Do you sleep well?
Ĉu vi bone dormas?
choo vee bo'neh dohr-mahss?

I have caught a chill
Mi malvarmumis
mee mahlvahrmoo'meess

I have a headache
Mi havas kapdoloron
mee ha'vahss kahp-dolohr'ohn

I feel sick
Mi sentas naŭzon
mee sehn-tahss nahw'zohn

Send for the doctor
Venigu la kuraciston
vehnee'goo lah kooraht-sees'tohn

She has a bad cough
Ŝi havas malbonan tuson
shee ha'vahss mahlbo'nahn too'sohn

How much is the doctor's fee for a visit?
Kiom estas la honorario de l' kuracisto por vizito?
kee'ohm eh'stahss lah honoh-rahree'oh dehl kooraht-see'stoh pohr veezee'toh?

Where is there a chemist's?
Kie estas apoteko?
kee'eh eh'stahss ahpoh-teh'ko?

Have this prescription made up
Plenumigu tiun ĉi recepton
plehnoomee'goo tee'oon chee rehtsehp'tohn

One tablespoonful three times a day
Unu granda plenkulero tri fojojn ĉiutage
oonoo grahndah plehn'kooleh'roh tree foh'yoyn chee'oo-tah'gheh

To be taken after each meal
Prenota post ĉiu manĝo
prehno'tah post chee'oo mahn'jo

Shake the bottle
Skuu la botelon
skoo'oo lah boteh'lohn

For outward application only
Nur por ekstera aplikado
noor pohr eksteh'rah ahpleekah'doh

Poison
Veneno
vehneh'no

In Town.
(En la Urbo.)

(For Vocabulary see page 20.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Where shall we go?
Kien ni iru?
kee'ehn nee ee'roo?

Which is the way to…?
Kiu estas la vojo al…?
kee'oo eh'stahss la vo'yo ahl…?

To the right—left
Dekstren—maldekstren
dehkstrehn—mahldehk'strehn

Straight before you
Rekte antaŭen
rek'teh ahntah'wehn

Is it far from here?
Ĉu malproksime de tie ĉi?
choo mahl-proksee'meh deh tee-eh chee?

About a mile
Proksimume unu mejlon
proksee-moo'meh oonoo may'lohn

Go up the street
Supreniru la straton
soo'prehn-eer'oo lah strah'tohn

Where does this road lead to?
Kien kondukas tiu ĉi vojo?
kee'ehn kondoo'kahss tee'oo chee vo'yo?

How far is it to…?
Kiom da vojo estas ĝis…?
kee'ohm dah vo'yo eh'stahss jeess…?

Show me the way
Montru al mi la vojon
mohn'troo ahl mee la vo'yohn

Straight on
Rekte antaŭen
rek'teh ahntah'wehn

Turn to the right
Turnu dekstren
toor'noo dehk'strehn

Second turning to the right
La dua vojo dekstren
la doo'ah vo'yo dehk'strehn

Keep to the left
Iradu maldekstren
eerah'doo mahl-dehk'strehn

Take the third on the left
Sekvu la trian maldekstren
sehk'voo la tree'ahn mahl-dehk'strehn

At the top of this street
Ĉe la fino de tiu ĉi strato
cheh la fee'no deh tee'oo chee strah'toh

Cross the road
Transiru la vojon
trahnseer'oo la vo'yohn

Let us go!
Ni iru!
nee eer'oo!

In what street is…?
En kiu strato estas…?
ehn kee'oo strah'toh eh'stahss…?

Is this the way to…?
Ĉu tiu estas la vojo al…?
choo tee'oo eh'stahss la vo'yo ahl…?

Do you know Mr. F.?
Ĉu vi konas Sinjoron F.?
choo vee ko'nahss seenyohr'ohn F.?

I don't know anyone of that name
Mi ne konas iun tiel nomitan
mee neh ko'nahss ee'oon, tee'ehl no-mee'tahn

I know him very well
Mi tre bone konas lin
mee treh boneh ko'nahss leen

He is a friend of mine
Li estas unu el miaj amikoj
lee eh'stahss oo'noo ehl mee'ahy ahmee'koy

Where does he live?
Kie li loĝas?
kee'eh lee lo'jahss?

Can you direct me to his house?
Ĉu vi povas direkti min al lia domo?
choo vee po'vahss deerek'tee meen ahl lee'ah do'mo?

Can I see Mr. F.?
Ĉu mi povas vidi Sinjoron F.?
choo mee po'vahss veedee seenyohr'ohn F.?

He is out just now
Nunmomente li ne estas hejme
noon-mo-mehn'teh lee neh ehstahss hehy'meh

Is Mrs. F. at home?
Ĉu Sinjorino F. estas hejme?
choo seenyo-ree'no F. eh'stahss hehy'meh?

Mrs. F. is not at home
S-no F. ne estas hejme
seenyo-ree'no F. neh es'tahss hehy'meh

I will call again
Mi revenos
mee rehveh'nohss

I expect him every moment
Mi atendas lian venon ĉiumomente
mee ahtehn'dahss lee-ahn veh'nohn chee'oo-mo-mehn'teh

Have you your card?
Ĉu vi havas vizitkarton?
choo vee ha'vahss vee-zeet-kahr'tohn?

Does he expect you?
Ĉu li atendas vin?
choo lee ahtehn'dahss veen?

He is expecting me
Li atendas mian venon
lee ahtehn'dahss mee'ahn veh'nohn

I have an appointment with him
Mi havas rendevuon kun li
mee ha'vahss rehndeh-voo'ohn koon lee

I am engaged
Mi estas okupata kun iu
mee eh'stahss ohkoopah'tah koon ee'oo

Good morning!
Bonan matenon!
bo'nahn ma-teh'nohn!

Good day!
Bonan tagon!
bo'nahn tah'gohn!

How do you do?
Kiel vi fartas?
kee'ehl vee fahr'tahss?

How is Mrs. F.?
Kiel fartas S-no F.?
kee'ehl fahr'tahss seen-yo-ree'no F.?

Give my compliments to Miss F.
Prezentu miajn komplimentojn al Fraŭlino F.
prehzehn'too mee'ahyn komplee-mehn'toyn ahl frahw-lee'no F.

So pleased to see you
Tre kontenta vidi vin
treh kontehn'tah vee'dee vin

Good-bye!
Adiaŭ!
ahdee'ahw!

Farewell!
Ĝis revido!
jeess rehvee'doh!

Must you go yet?
Ĉu vi devas jam foriri?
choo vee deh'vahss yahm foreer'ee?

I must go
Mi devas foriri
mee deh'vahss foreer'ee

Good evening!
Bonan vesperon!
bo'nahn vespehr'ohn!

Good night!
Bonan nokton!
bo'nahn nok'tohn!

Shopping.
(Aĉetado.)

(For Vocabularies see pages 11 to 19, & 27 to 36.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

I wish to buy
Mi volas aĉeti
mee vo'lahss ah-cheh'tee

Do you keep…?
Ĉu vi havas…?
choo vee ha'vahss…?

We have none in stock
Ni ne havas en magazeno
nee neh ha'vahss ehn ma-gahzeh'no

We can get you some
Ni povas iom por vi akiri
nee po'vahss ee'ohm pohr vee ahkeer'ee

What price would you like?
Je kioma prezo vi ĝin deziras?
yeh kee-oh'ma preh'zo vee jeen dehzeer'ahss?

About half-a-crown a yard
Po ĉirkaŭ duonkrono par jardo
po cheer'kahw doo-ohn-kro'no pohr yahrdoh

May we get it for you?
Ĉu ni ĝin por vi akiru?
choo nee jeen pohr vee ahkeer'oo?

What is the price?
Kiom estas la prezo?
kee'ohm eh'stahss lah preh'zo?

How much?
Kiom?
kee'ohm?

That is too much
Tio estas tro kara
tee'oh eh'stahss tro kah'rah

Have you a different pattern?
Ĉu vi havas alian specon?
choo vee ha'vahss ah-lee'ahn speht'sohn?

— a better material?
— pli bonan ŝtofon?
— plee bo'nahn shto'fohn?

Can you recommend it?
Ĉu vi povas ĝin rekomendi?
choo vee po'vahss jeen rehkomehn'dee?

We can recommend this
Ni povas rekomendi tion
nee po'vahss rehkomehn'dee tee'ohn

We guarantee this quality
Ni tiun ĉi kvaliton garantias
nee tee'oon chee kvah-lee'tohn gahrahn-tee'ahss

I should like to see some ribbons
Mi dezirus vidi rubandojn
mee dehzeerooss veedee roobahn'doyn

I want some calico
Mi deziras iom da kalikoto
mee dehzeer'ahss ee'ohm dah kahlee-ko'toh

This colour is too dark
Tiu ĉi koloro estas tro malpala
tee'oo chee ko-lohr'oh ehstahss tro mahlpah'lah

It is faded
La koloro iom malaperis
la ko-lohr'oh ee'ohm mahl-ahpehr'eess

Have you any narrower?
Ĉu vi havas pli mallarĝan?
choo vee ha'vahss plee mahl-lahr'jahn?

What is this a yard?
Kiom tio kostas por unu jardo?
kee'ohm tee'o kost'ahss pohr oo'noo yahr'doh?

This will do
Tio ĉi taŭgos
tee'oh chee tahw'gohss

I will take this
Mi tion prenos
mee tee'ohn preh'nohss

A reel of cotton
Unu bobeno da kotono
oonoo bo-beh'no dah ko-toh'no

A skein
Fadenaro
fahdeh-nah'ro

A packet of mixed pins
Paketo da miksitaj pingloj
pahkeh'toh dah miksee'tahy peen'gloy

Not so fine
Ne tiel delikata
neh tee'ehl dehleekah'tah

Show me some gloves
Montru al mi gantojn
mohntroo ahl mee gahn'toyn

Try on these
Prove surmetu ĉi tiujn
pro'veh soormeh'too chee tee'ooyn

What are they a pair?
Kiom kostas unu paro?
kee'ohm ko'stahss oo'noo pah'ro?

That is too dear
Tio estas tro kara
tee'oh eh'stahss tro kah-rah

They fit you very well
Ili tre bone taŭgas
ee'lee treh bo'neh tah'w-gahss

I will take them with me
Mi kunprenos ĉion
mee koon-preh'nohss chee'ohn

Please give me my bill
Volu doni mian kalkulon
vo'loo doh'nee mee'ahn kahl-koo'lohn

Send all this home at once
Sendu ĉion ĉi hejmen tuj
sehn'doo chee'ohn chee hehy'mehn tooy

Can I send them for you?
Ĉu mi povas sendi ilin por vi?
choo mee po'vahss sehn'dee ee'leen pohr vee?

Send them to…
Sendu ilin al…
sehn'doo ee'leen ahl…

Will you send them at once?
Ĉu vi tuj sendos ilin?
choo vee tooy sehndohss ee'leen?

What name, please?
Kiu nomo, mi petas?
kee'oo no'mo, mee peh'tahss?

To what address?
Al kiu adreso?
ahl kee'oo ahdreh'so?

The Dressmaker.
(La Modistino.)

(For Vocabulary see page 30.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Here is the dressmaker | Jen estas la modistino | yehn eh'stahss lah mo-distee'no
Ask her to wait | Petu, ke ŝi atendu | peh'too, keh shee ah-tehn'doo
Show her in | Enirigu ŝin | ehneeree'goo sheen
Have you brought my dress? | Ĉu vi alportis mian robon? | choo vee ahlpohr'teess mee'ahn ro'bohn?
Here it is, madam | Jen, sinjorino | yehn, seenyoh-ree'no
Will you try it on? | Ĉu vi prove surmetos ĝin? | choo vee pro'veh soor-meh'tohss jeen?
It fits you very well | Ĝi tre ĝuste taŭgas al vi | jee treh joo'steh tah'w-gahss ahl vee
It is not a good fit | Ĝi ne ĝuste taŭgas | jee neh joo'steh tah'w-gahss
The skirt is too narrow | La jupo estas tro mallarĝa | lah yoo'po eh'stahss tro mahl-lahr'jah
It is too short-waisted | La talio estas tro mallonga | lah tahlee'oh eh'stahss tro mahl-lohn'gah
The sleeves are not wide enough | La manikoj ne estas sufiĉe larĝaj | lah mahnee'koy neh eh'stahss soofee'cheh lahr'jahy
Make all these alterations | Faru ĉiujn ĉi ŝanĝojn | fah'roo chee'ooyn chee shahn'joyn
What trimming would you put on? | Per kio vi ĝin garnus? | pehr kee'oh vee jeen gahr'nooss?
Pale pink ribbon | Pala rozkolora rubando | pah'lah rohz-ko-loh'rah roobahn'doh
When can you let me have it? | Kiam vi povos doni ĝin al mi? | kee'ahm vee po'vohss doh'nee jeen ahl mee?
You shall have it on Saturday | Vi havas ĝin sabaton | vee ha'vohss jeen sah-bah'tohn
Without fail | Nepre | neh'preh
Don't disappoint me | Ne trompu miajn esperojn | neh trohmpoo mee'ahyn espehr'oyn

The Shoemaker.
(La Ŝuisto.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

I wish to see some ladies' boots
Mi deziras vidi botojn por sinjorinoj
mee dehzeer'ahss vee'dee bo-toyn pohr seen-yoh-ree'noy

Take my measure
Prenu mian mezuron
preh-noo mee-ahn meh-zoor'ohn

The soles are rather thick
La plandumoj estas iom dikaj
la plahndoo'moy eh'stahss ee-ohm dee'kahy

They are too tight
Ili tro premas
ee-lee tro preh-mahss

I cannot get my foot in
Mi ne povas enigi la piedon
mee neh po-vahss ehnee'ghee la pee-eh'dohn

Here is a shoe-horn
Jen estas ŝukorno
yehn eh-stahss shookohr'no

Are they comfortable?
Ĉu ili ĝenas?
choo ee-lee jeh-nahss?

I cannot walk in them
Mi ne povas iri en ili
mee neh po-vahss eer-ee ehn ee-lee

They hurt my heel
Ili dolorigas mian kalkanon
ee-lee doh-loree'gahss meeahn kahlkah'nohn

I must have them as soon as possible
Estas necese, ke mi ilin havu kiel eble plej baldaŭ
eh-stahss nehtsah'seh, keh mee ee-leen ha-voo kee-ehl eh-bleh plehy' bahl-dahw

I want some bootlaces
Mi bezonas laĉojn
mee behzoh'nahss lah'choyn

How much are they a pair?
Kiom kostas unu paro?
kee-ohm ko-stahss oo-noo pah-ro?

I want these shoes soled and heeled
Mi deziras lasi plandumi kaj kalkanumi tiujn ĉi ŝuojn
mee dehzeer'ahss lahsee plahndoo'mee kahy kahlkahnoo'mee tee-ooyn chee shoo-oyn

Send my boots to be mended
Sendu ripariĝi miajn botojn
sehn-doo ripahree'jee mee'ahyn bo-toyn

When will they be done?
Kiam ili estos pretaj?
kee-ahm ee-lee ehstohss preh' tahy?

The Laundress.
(La Lavistino.)

(For Washing List see page 33.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

I want this linen washed
Mi volas lavigi ĉi tiun tolaĵon
mee vo-lahss lahvee'ghee chee tee-oon toh-lah'zhohn

I miss a collar
Mankas unu kolumon
mahn-kahss oo-noo ko-loo'mohn

You don't put enough starch in
Vi ne enmetas sufiĉe da amelo
vee neh ehnmeh'tahss soofee'cheh dah ah-meh'lo

This is too limp
Tio ĉi estas tro mola
tee-oh chee ehstahss tro mo-lah

See how badly that is done
Vidu, kiel malbone tio estas farita
vee-doo, kee-ehl mahl-bo'neh tee-oh ehstahss fahree'tah

You must take it back
Vi devas reporti ĝin
vee deh-vahss rehpohr'tee jeen

This is badly ironed
Tio ĉi estas malbone gladita
tee-oh chee eh-stahss mahlbo'neh glahdee'tah

You have scorched this dress
Vi iom brulbrunigis tiun ĉi robon
vee ee-ohm brool'broo-nee'gheess tee'oon chee ro-bohn

You put too much blue in my linen
Vi metas tro da bluo en mian tolaĵon
vee meh-tahss tro dah bloo-oh ehn mee-ahn tohlah'zhohn

This is not my handkerchief
Tio ĉi ne estas mia naztuko
tee-oh chee neh eh'stahss mee-ah nahz-too'ko

You have torn the lace
Vi ŝiris la punton
vee sheer-eess la poon-tohn

When can I have it?
Kiam mi povos havi ĝin?
kee-ahm mee po-vohss hah-vee jeen?

Return this linen on…
Resendi tiun ĉi tolaĵon la…
rehsehn'dee tee-oon chee tohlah'zhohn la…

You must bring back this list
Estas necese, ke vi reportu tiun ĉi liston
eh-stahss nehtseh'seh, keh vee rehpohr'too tee-oon chee lee-stohn

Have you your bill?
Ĉu vi havas vian kalkulon?
choo vee ha-vahss veeahn kahlkoo'lohn?

I will pay you
Mi pagos vin
mee pa-gohss veen

Amusements.
(Amuzaĵoj.)

(For Vocabulary see page 41.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Shall we go to the theatre?
Ĉu ni iru al la teatro?
choo nee eer-oo ahl la teh-ah'tro?

What is on at the…?
Kion oni ludas ĉe la…?
kee-ohn ohnee loo-dahss cheh la…?

When does the performance begin?
Kiam komenciĝas la prezentado?
kee-ahm komehnt-see'jahss la prezentah'doh?

What time do the doors open?
Je kioma horo oni malfermas la pordojn?
yeh kee-oh'mah ho-ro ohnee mahlfehr'mahss la pohr-doyn?

Is the box-office open?
Ĉu la lokoficejo estas malfermita?
choo la loh'kofeetseh'yo eh-stahss mahlfehrmee'tah?

Where can we book seats?
Kie oni povas antaŭe rezervi lokojn?
kee-eh oh-nee po-vahss ahntah'weh rehzehr'vee lo-koyn?

I should like to see a plan
Mi dezirus vidi planon
mee dehzeer'ooss veedee plah-nohn

Let us take a box
Ni prenu loĝion
nee preh-noo lohjee'ohn

These seats are reserved
Ĉi tiuj seĝoj estas rezervitaj
chee tee'ooy seh-joy eh'stahss rehzehrvee'tahy

We will take four seats
Ni prenos kvar lokojn
nee preh-nohss kvahr lo-koyn

Where are our seats?
Kie estas niaj lokoj?
kee-eh ehstahss nee'ahy lo-koy?

Where is the cloakroom?
Kie estas la vestodeponejo?
kee-eh eh-stahss la veh-sto-dehpohneh'yo?

Give me a programme
Donu al mi programon
doh-noo ahl mee prohgrah'mohn

What is the play?
Kion oni ludas?
kee-ohn ohnee loo-dahss?

How well the band plays!
Kiel bone la orkestro ludas!
kee-ehl bo-neh la or-keh'stro loo-dahss!

There is a fine orchestra
Estas bonega orkestro
ehstahss bo-neh'gah orkeh'stro

What an excellent pianist!
Kiel bonega pianisto!
kee-ehl bo-neh'gah pee-ahnist'o!

An interval of fifteen minutes
Intertempo de dek-kvin minutoj
in'tehr-tehm'po deh dehk-kveen meenoo'toy

Would you like some refreshment?
Ĉu vi deziras ion manĝi aŭ trinki?
choo vee dehzeer'ahss ee-ohn mahn-jee ahw trinkee?

Shall we go to the buffet?
Ĉu ni iru al la bufedo?
choo nee ee-roo ahl la boofeh'doh?

Is there a good museum?
Ĉu estas ĉi tie bona muzeo?
choo eh-stahss chee tee-eh bo-nah moozeh'oh?

The works of art are very fine
La artaĵoj estas tre belaj
la ahrtah'zhoy eh-stahss treh beh'lahy

Are tickets required?
Ĉu oni devas havi biletojn?
choo oh-nee deh-vahss hah-vee beeleh'toyn?

Who sells them?
Kiu vendas ilin?
kee-oo ven-dahss eeleen?

The coach leaves at ten
La diliĝenco ekveturas je la deka
la deelee-jehnt'so ehk-veh-toor'ahss yeh la deh-kah

How much will it cost?
Kiom ĝi kostos?
kee-ohm jee ko-stohss?

It will take all day to go there
La veturo tien okupos la tutan tagon
la vehtoor'oh tee-ehn ohkoo'pohss la too-tahn tah-gohn

Can you put us up some refreshment?
Ĉu vi povas kunmeti por ni iom da nutraĵo?
choo vee po-vahss koon-meh'tee pohr nee ee-ohm dah nootrah'zho?

We should like some sandwiches
Ni deziras sandviĉojn
nee dehzeer'ahss sahnd-vee'choyn

Is there a good place for lunch?
Ĉu estas bona loko, kie oni povas tagmanĝi?
choo eh-stahss bo-nah lo-ko, kee-eh ohnee po-vahss tahg-mahn'jee?

Cycling.
(La Ciklismo.)

(For Vocabularies see pages 44 to 48.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

I want to hire a machine
Mi deziras lui biciklon
mee dehzeer'ahss loo-ee beetsee'klohn.

With all accessories
Kun ĉiuj akcesoraĵoj
koon chee-ooy ahktseh-so-rah'zhoy

By the hour
Laŭhore
lahw-ho'reh

By the day
Laŭtage
lahw-tah'gheh

What are your terms?
Kiom vi postulas?
kee-ohm vee postoo'lahss?

Have you a cycle shelter?
Ĉu vi havas remizon por bicikloj?
choo vee hah-vahss reh-mee'zohn pohr beet-see'kloy?

Tighten this nut
Fiksu tiun ĉi ŝraŭbingon
fik-soo tee-oon chee shrahw-been'gohn

Loosen the chain
Malstreĉu la ĉenon
mahl-streh'choo la cheh-nohn

What are the roads like?
Kiaj estas la vojoj?
kee-ahy eh-stahss la vo-yoy?

Are the roads good?
Ĉu la vojoj estas bonaj?
choo la vo-yoy ehstahss bo'nahy?

The roads are bad
La vojoj estas malbonaj
la voyoy ehstahss mahl-bo'nahy

The roads are in good condition
La vojoj estas en bona stato
la vo-yoy eh-stahss ehn bo-nah stah-toh

We will start at…
Ni ekiros je la…
nee ekeer'ohss yeh la…

Are you ready?
Ĉu vi estas preta?
choo vee eh-stahss preh-tah?

Make haste!
Rapidu!
rahpee'doo!

Turn to the right
Turnu dekstren
toor-noo dehk-strehn

Keep straight on
Iru rekte antaŭen
ee-roo rehkteh ahntah'wehn

This hill is dangerous
Ĉi tiu deklivo estas danĝera
chee tee-oo dehklee'vo eh-stahss dahn-jeh'rah

Ring your bell
Tintigu vian tintilon
tintee'goo vee-ahn tin-tee'lohn

Don't go so fast
Ne iru tiel rapide
neh ee-roo tee-ehl rah-pee'deh

Look out! Stop!
Atentu! Haltu!
ahtehn'too! hahl-too!

The chain is off
La ĉeno deiĝis
la cheh-no deh-ee'jeess

I must pump up my tyres
Estas necese, ke mi ŝveligu la pneŭmatikojn
eh-stahss nehtseh'seh, keh mee shvehlee'goo la pnehw-mahtee'koyn

My tyre is punctured
Mia pneŭmatiko estas trapikita
mee-ah pnehw-mahtee'ko eh-stahss trahpee-kee'tah

The back tyre is burst
La malantaŭa pneŭmatiko krevis
la mahl-ahntah'wah pnehw-matee'ko kreh-veess

I have broken a…
Mi rompis…
mee rohmpeess…

Where can I get my bicycle mended?
Kie mi povas riparigi mian biciklon?
kee-eh mee povahss reepahree'ghee mee-ahn beetsee'klohn?

Where is the nearest cycle shop?
Kie estas la plej proksima biciklobutiko?
kee-eh eh-stahss la plehy proksee'mah beetsee'klo-bootee'ko?

Will you please repair…?
Ĉu vi afable riparos…?
choo vee ahfah'bleh ree-pahr'ohss…?

When will it be ready?
Kiam ĝi estos preta?
kee-ahm jee eh-stohss prehtah?

I want my machine cleaned
Mi deziras lasi purigi mian maŝinon
mee dehzeer'ahss lah-see pooree'ghee mee-ahn mahshee'nohn

How long will it take?
Kiom da tempo tio okupos?
kee-ohm dah tehm'po tee-oh ohkoo'pohss?

Is it time to light up?
Ĉu estas la horo por lumigo?
choo eh-stahss la ho-ro pohr loomee'go?

We must light up
Ni devas lumigi
nee deh-vahss loomee'ghee

Lighting-up time is at eight o'clock
La lumiga horo estas je la oka
la loomee'gah ho-ro eh-stahss yeh la oh-kah

Please fill my lamp
Volu plenigi mian lampon
vo-loo plehnee'ghee mee-ahn lahm-pohn

It wants a new wick
Ĝi bezonas novan meĉon
jee behzoh'nahss no-vahn meh-chohn

How much is it?
Kiom estas?
kee-ohm eh-stahss?

Have you a road guide?
Ĉu vi havas vojan gvidplanon?
choo vee hah-vahss vo-yahn gveed-plah'nohn?

Which do you require?
Kiun vi bezonas?
kee-oon vee behzoh'nahss?

A map of the Paris district
Mapon de la Pariza regiono
mah-pohn deh la pah-ree'zah reh-gheeoh'no

Motoring.
(Aŭtomobilismo.)

(For Vocabularies see pages 44 to 48; see also Cycling Phrases, above.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Is there a motor garage in this town?
Ĉu estas remizo por aŭtomobiloj en tiu ĉi urbo?
choo eh-stahss rehmee'zo pohr ahwtohmoh-bee'loy ehn tee-oo chee oor-bo?

Give me some petrol
Donu al mi petrolon
doh-noo ahl mee peh-tro'lohn

I want a carburator for motor-car
Mi deziras karburatoron por aŭtomobilo
mee dehzeer'ahss kahr-boo-rahtohr'ohn pohr ahw-toh-mohbee'lo

The clutch is out of order
La konektumo ne funkcias
la kohnehktoo'mo neh foonk-tsee'ahss

Have you examined my speed-changing gear?
Ĉu vi ekzamenis la rapidŝanĝan mekanismon?
choo vee ehkzahmeh'neess la rah-peed'shahn'jahn mehkah-nees'mohn?

Replace my brake
Remetu mian bremson
rehmeh'too mee-ahn brehm-sohn

My back spring is broken
Mia malantaŭa risorto estas rompita
mee-ah mahl-ahntah'wah ree-sohr'toh ehstahss rohmpee'tah

Have you an accumulator—four volts?
Ĉu vi havas akumulatoron—de kvar voltoj?
choo vee hah-vahss ah-koomoo-lahtohr'ohn—deh kvahr vohl-toy?

What is the power of this motor?
Kioma estas la potenco de tiu ĉi aŭtomobilo?
keeoh'ma eh-stahss la po-tehnt'so deh tee-oo chee ahwtohmohbee'lo?

This is an eight-horse-power engine
Tiu ĉi estas maŝino de okĉevala potenco
tee-oo chee eh-stahss mahshee'no deh ohk'chehvah'lah potehnt'so

A pinion is wanted for the small axle
Mankas dentradeto ĉe la malgranda akso
mahn-kahss dehnt'rah-deh'toh cheh la mahl-grahn'dah ahk'so

I want my accumulator charged
Mi deziras ŝargigi mian akumulatoron
mee dehzeer'ahss shar-ghee'ghee mee-ahn ah-koomoolahtohr'ohn

I have lost my horn (or hooter)
Mi perdis mian kornon (or blekilon)
mee pehrdeess mee-ahn kohr'nohn (blehkee'lohn)

Are you an experienced driver?
Ĉu vi estas sperta motorveturigisto?
choo vee eh-stahss spehr-tah motohr'veh-tooree-gheess'toh?

What experience have you had?
Kiun spertadon vi havis?
kee'oon spehrtah'dohn vee hah'veess?

Drive slowly through the town
Veturu malrapide tra la urbo
vehtoor'oo mahlrahpee'deh trah la oor-bo

Speed not to exceed…miles per hour
La rapideco devas ne esti pli ol…mejloj ĉiuhore
la rahpeedeht'so deh-vahss neh eh-stee plee ohl…meh'y-loy chee-oo-ho'reh

Photography.
(La Fotografarto.)

(For Vocabulary see page 48.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Must permission be obtained to photograph?
Ĉu oni devas havi permeson por fotografi?
choo oh-nee deh-vahss hah-vee pehrmeh'sohn pohr fo-tograh'fee?

I wish to take the interior
Mi volas fotografi la internon
mee vo-lahss fo-tograh'fee la intehr'nohn

Have you brought your camera?
Ĉu vi kunportis vian kamereton?
choo vee koonpor'teess veeahn kam-ehreh'tohn?

This is my camera
Tio ĉi estas mia kamereto
tee-oh chee eh-stahss mee-ah kam-ehreh'toh

The lens is broken
La lenso estas rompita
la lehn-so eh-stahss rohmpee'tah

The light is too strong
La lumo estas tro forta
la loo-mo eh-stahss tro fohr-tah

What exposure must I give it?
Kiom mi devas espozi ĝin?
kee-ohm mee deh-vahss ehspo'zee jeen?

It is out of focus
Ĝi ne estas ĝuste en fokuso
jee neh ehstahss joo'steh ehn fo-koo'so

What size of plate do you use?
Kioman grandon de plato vi uzas?
keeoh'mahn grahndohn deh plah-toh vee oo-zahss?

Have you a dark room?
Ĉu vi havas rivelejon?
choo vee hah'vahss ree-vehleh'yohn?

I want to develop some plates
Mi volas riveli kelkajn platojn
mee vo-lahss reeveh'lee kehl'kahyn plah-toyn

This plate is spoilt
Tiu ĉi plato estas difektita
tee-oo chee plah-toh eh-stahss deefehk-tee'tah

That is due to over-exposure
Tio estas pro troa espozo
tee-oh eh-stahss pro tro-ah ehspo'zo

I am going to print more copies
Mi presos plu da ekzempleroj
mee preh'sohss ploo da ehkzehm-pleh'roy

This was spoilt in the printing
Tiu ĉi difektiĝis dum la presado
tee-oo chee deefehktee'jeess doom la prehsah'doh

What a beautiful photograph!
Kiel bela fotografaĵo!
kee-ehl beh-la fo-to-grahfah'zho!

The grouping is very good
La gruparanĝo estas tre bona
la groop-ahrahn'jo eh-stahss treh bo-nah

I have secured some fine views
Mi kaptis bonegajn vidaĵojn
mee kahp-teess bo-neh'gahyn veedah'zhoyn

Do you sell photographic materials?
Ĉu vi vendas fotografajn materialojn?
choo vee vehn-dahss fo-tograh'fahyn mahteh-reeah'loyn?

I want some pretty mounts
Mi deziras beletajn muntokartojn
mee dehzeer'ahss beh-leh'tahyn moontoh-kahr'toyn

What do you require?
Kion vi bezonas?
kee-ohn vee behzohn'ahss?

I should like some more films
Mi bezonas plu da filmoj
mee behzoh'nahss ploo dah feel-moy

Religion.
(La Religio.)

(For Vocabulary see page 50.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Is there an English church here? | Ĉu estas ĉi tie Angla preĝejo? | choo eh-stahss chee tee-eh ahnglah prehjeh'yo?
Is it near here? | Ĉu ĝi estas proksima de tie ĉi? | choo jee ehstahss prohksee'ma deh tee-eh chee?
Who is the preacher? | Kiu estas la predikanto? | kee-oo eh-stahss la prehdee-kahn'toh?
What time is the service? | Je kioma horo komenciĝas la diservo? | yeh keeoh'ma horo kohmentsee'jahss la deesehr'vo?
The seats must be paid for | Oni devas pagi pri la sidlokoj | oh-nee deh-vahss pahghee pree la seed-lo'koy
The seats are free | La sidlokoj estas senpagaj | la seed-lo'koy eh-stahss sehnpah'gahy
Is there a collection? | Ĉu estas monkolekto? | choo ehstahss mohnko-lek'toh?
An offertory is taken | Oni faras monkolekton | ohnee fahrahss mohnko-lek'tohn
Can you find me a seat? | Ĉu vi povas trovi por mi sidejon? | choo vee povahss trovee pohr mee sid-eh'yohn?
The verger will find you a seat | La pedelo trovos sidejon por vi | la pehdeh'lo tro-vohss sid-eh'yohn pohr vee
Mass is being celebrated | Oni faras la meson | oh-nee fah-rahss la meh-sohn
Let us wait—go | Ni atendu—ni iru | nee ahtehn'doo—nee eer'oo
Pass me a hymn-book | Volu transdoni himnolibron | vo-loo trahnsdoh'nee him'no-lee'brohn
What other services are there? | Kiuj aliaj diservoj estas? | kee-ooy ahlee'ahy deesehr'voy eh-stahss?

The Time of Day.
(La Horo.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

What time is it?
Kioma horo estas?
kee-oh'ma ho-ro ehstahss?

It has just struck nine
Ĵus sonis la naŭa (horo)
zhooss so-neess la nahwah (ho-ro)

Exactly 3 o'clock
Precize la tria
prehtsee'zeh la tree-ah

Ten (minutes) past seven
Dek minutoj post la sepa
dehk meenoo'toy post la seh-pa

A quarter past one
Kvarono post la unua
kvahro'no post la oonoo'ah

Half-past four
Duono post la kvara
doo-o'no post la kvahra

Twenty (minutes) to six
Dudek minutoj antaŭ la sesa
doo-dehk meenoo'toy ahn'tahw la seh-sah

At what time?
Je kioma horo?
yeh kee-oh'ma ho-ro?

At a quarter to eight
Je kvarono antaŭ la oka
yeh kvahro'no ahn'tahw la oh-kah

At nine a.m.
Je la naŭa matene
yeh la nah-wah mahteh'neh

Seven-fifteen p.m.
La sepa-dek-kvin vespere
la seh'pa-dehk-kveen veh-speh'reh

Is it late?
Ĉu estas malfrue?
choo eh-stahss mahlfroo'eh?

It is (not) late
(Ne) estas malfrue
(neh) eh-stahss mahlfroo'eh

It is still early
Estas ankoraŭ frue
eh-stahss ahnko'rahw froo'eh

It is getting late
Malfruiĝas
mahl-froo-ee'jahss

It is only ten
Estas nur la deka
eh-stahss noor la deh-kah

The clock is striking
La horo sonas
la ho-ro so-nahss

Times, Seasons and Weather.
(La Horoj, la Sezonoj, kaj la Vetero.)

(For Vocabularies see pages 9, 10, & 17–19.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

This day week
Unu semajnon de hodiaŭ
oo-noo sehmah'y-nohn deh ho-dee'ahw

That was three or four days ago
Tio okazis antaŭ tri aŭ kvar tagoj
tee-oh ohkah'zeess ahn'tahw tree ahw kvahr tah-goy

To-morrow fortnight
Du semajnojn de morgaŭ
doo sehmah'y-nohn deh mohr'gahw

At about this time
Proksimume je tiu ĉi horo
prohksee-moo'meh yeh tee-oo chee ho-ro

In a month's time
Post unu monato
post oo-noo mohnah'toh

The first of next month
La unua de l' proksima monato
la oonoo'ah dehl prohksee'mah mohnah'toh

In (after) six weeks
Post ses semajnoj
post sehss sehmah'ynoy

On the last day of the month
La lastan tagon de l' monato
la lah-stahn tah-gohn dehl mohnah'toh

At the end of this month
Je la fino de tiu ĉi monato
yeh la fee-no deh tee-oo chee mohnah'toh

Towards the middle of January
Ĉirkaŭ la mezo de Januaro
cheer'kahw la meh-zo deh yahnooah'ro

In the course of a week
En la daŭro de unu semajno
ehn la dahw'ro deh oo-noo sehmah'y-no

From time to time
De l'tempo al tempo
dehl tehmpo ahl tehmpo

From one day to another
De unu tago al alia
deh oo-noo tah-go ahl ahlee'ah

A few days ago
Antaŭ kelkaj tagoj
ahn'tahw kehl'kahy tah-goy

A short time since
Antaŭ nelonga tempo
ahn'tahw nehlohn'gah tehmpo

Scarcely two days ago
Antaŭ apenaŭ du tagoj
ahn'tahw apeh'nahw doo tahgoy

At least a month ago
Antaŭ almenaŭ unu monato
ahn'tahw ahlmeh'nahw oo-noo mo-nah'toh

It is full moon
Estas plena luno
ehstahss plehnah loono

The heat is unbearable
La varmo estas neelportebla
la varmo ehstahss nehehlpohrteh'blah

I am very warm
Mi estas tre varma
mee ehstahss treh varma

I am afraid it will rain
Mi timas, ke pluvos
mee teemahss, keh ploovohss

We shall have a storm
Ni havos fulmotondron
nee ha-vohss fool-mo-tohn'drohn

Did you see the lightning?
Ĉu vi vidis la fulmon?
choo vee vee-dees la fool-mohn?

I heard the thunder
Mi aŭdis la tondron
mee ahw-dees la tohn-drohn

How it pours!
Kiel pluvegas!
kee-ehl plooveh'gahss!

Would you like an umbrella?
Ĉu vi deziras pluvombrelon?
choo vee dehzeer'ahss ploov-ohmbreh'lohn?

I am wet through
Mi estas trae malsekigita
mee eh-stahas trah-eh mahlsehkee-ghee'tah

Look at the rainbow
Rigardu la ĉielarkon
reegahr'doo la chee-ehlahr'kohn

It is growing very cold
Tre malvarmiĝas
treh mahlvarmee'jahass

Winter will soon be here
La vintro baldaŭ alvenos
la veen-tro bahl'dahw ahlveh'nohss

It snows
Neĝas
neh-jahss

It freezes—it thaws
Frostas—degelas
fro-stahss—dehgheh'lahss

It is very dirty
Estas tre malpure
eh-stahss treh mahl-poor'eh

It is very windy
Tre ventas
treh vehntahss

How high the wind is!
Kiel forta estas la vento!
kee-ehl fohrtah ehstahss la vehntoh!

The wind is in the east
La vento blovas el la oriento
la vehntoh blovahss ehl la ohree-ehn'toh

The dust is terrible
La polvo estas terura
la pohlvo eh-stahss teh-roor'ah

I hope it will be fine
Mi esperas, ke la vetero estos bela
mee espeh'rahss, keh la vehteh'ro ehstohss behla

What a beautiful day!
Kiel bela tago!
kee-ehl beh-la tah-go!

Post and Telegraph.
(La Poŝto kaj la Telegrafo.)

(For Vocabulary see page 60.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Number of Customs' declarations
Nombro de doganaj deklaroj
nohm'bro deh dohgah'nahy dehklah'roy

Nature of contents
Priskribo de la enhavo
preeskree'bo deh la ehnhah'vo

Value of contents
Valoro de la enhavo
vahlohr'oh deh la ehnhah'vo

Stamp of office of origin
Stampo de la elsendinta oficejo
stahm-po deh la ehl-sehndin'tah offeetseh'yo

Place of destination
Kien sendata
kee-ehn sehndah'tah

Name and address of sender
Nomo kaj adreso de l'sendinto
no-mo kahy ahdreh'so dehl sehndin'toh

Where is the post-office?
Kie estas la poŝtoficejo?
kee-eh ehstahss la pohst-offeetseh'yo?

Have you any letters for…?
Ĉu vi havas leterojn por…?
choo vee hah-vahss letehr'oyn pohr…?

Will this letter go to-night?
Ĉu tiu ĉi letero forsendiĝos jam hodiaŭ nokte?
choo tee-oo chee lehtehr'o fohrsendee'johss yahm ho-dee'ahw nok-teh?

What stamp will this letter require?
Kiom estos la afranko de tiu ĉi letero?
kee-ohm eh-stohss la ahfrahn'ko deh tee-oo chee lehteh'roh?

To register a letter
Registri leteron
rehghis'tree lehtehr'ohn

I wish to send a telegram
Mi volas sendi telegramon
mee vo-lahss sehn-dee tehlehgrah'mohn

The first ten words
La unuaj dek vorto
la oonoo'ahy dehk vortoy

Every extra word
Ĉiu plua vorto
chee-oo ploo-ah vor-toh

I expect a telegram to-day
Mi atendas telegramon hodiaŭ
mee ahten'dahss tehleh-grah'mohn ho-dee'ahw

When does the post from Rome come?
Kiam alvenas la kuriero de Romo?
kee-ahm ahlveh'nahs la kooree-eh'ro deh romo?

The letters will be delivered about noon
La leteroj estos alportataj ĉirkaŭ la tagmezo
la lehteh'roy eh-stohss ahl-portah'tahy cheer'kahw la tahg-meh'zo

When does the mail leave for Italy?
Je kioma horo foriras la kuriero por Italujo?
yeh kee-oh'ma ho-ro foreer'ahss la kooree-eh'ro pohr eetaloo'yo?

Is the London mail in yet?
Ĉu la Londona kuriero ankoraŭ alvenis?
choo la lohndoh'nah kooree-eh'ro ahnko'rahw ahlveh'neess?

When is the next delivery?
Kiam okazos la proksima disporto?
kee-ahm ohkah'zohss la proksee'mah dispor'toh?

The latest delivery is at…
La lasta disporto okazas je la…
la lah-stah dispor'toh ohkah'zahss yeh la…

I want a money order for…
Mi deziras poŝtmandaton por…
mee dehzeer'ahss posht-mahndah'tohn pohr…

Payable at the General Post-office, London
Pagebla ĉe la Ĉefa Poŝtoficejo, Londono
pah-gheh'blah cheh la cheh'fah posht-offeetseh'yo lohndoh'no

What is the postage on this letter?
Kiom da afranko pri tiu ĉi letero?
kee-ohm dah ahfrahn'ko pree tee-oo chee lehteh'roh?

Is this letter over-weight?
Ĉu tiu ĉi letero estas tro peza?
choo tee-oo chee lehteh'roh ehstahss tro pehzah?

It requires another stamp
Ĝi bezonas pluan poŝtmarkon
jee bezoh'nahss plooahn posht-mar'kohn

Correspondence.
(La Korespondado)

(For Vocabulary see page 61.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

I have a letter to answer
Mi devas respondi leteron
mee deh-vahss rehspohn'dee lehteh'rohn

I must write a letter
Mi devas skribi leteron
mee deh-vahss skreebee lehtehr'ohn

Do you want a pen?
Ĉu vi deziras plumon?
choo vee dehzeer'ahss ploo-mon?

I want some paper and envelopes
Mi bezonas paperon kaj kovertojn
mee behzoh'nahss pahpeh'rohn kahy kovehr'toyn

Will you give me some?
Ĉu vi donos al mi iom?
choo vee doh-nohss ahl mee ee-ohm?

Lend me a sheet
Pruntedonu al mi folion
proon-teh-doh'noo ahl mee fohlee'ohn

Have you any?
Ĉu vi havas iom?
choo vee hah-vahss ee-ohm?

Can you lend me a pen?
Ĉu vi povas pruntedoni al mi plumon?
choo vee povahss proon-teh-doh'nee ahl mee ploo-mohn?

Do you like a soft pen?
Ĉu vi ŝatas molan plumon?
choo vee shah-tahss mo-lahn ploo-mohn?

I like a hard one
Mi preferas malmolan
mee preh-fehr'ahss mahlmo'lahn

Where is the ink?
Kie estas la inko?
kee-eh eh-stahss la eenko?

There is no ink
Ne estas inko
neh eh-stahss een-ko

What is the day of the month?
La kioma tago de l'monato estas?
la kee-oh'ma tahgo dehl mo-nah'toh eh-stahss?

To-day is the first
Hodiaŭ estas la unua
ho-dee'ahw eh-stahss la oonoo'ah

This is the ninth
Hodiaŭ estas la naŭa
ho-dee'ahw eh-stahss la nah-wah

Is your letter ready for the post?
Ĉu via letero estas preta par la poŝto?
choo vee-ah lehteh'roh eh-stahss preh-tah por la posh-toh?

Seal your letter
Sigelu vian leteron
sigeh'loo vee-ahn lehteh'rohn

There is no sealing-wax
Ne estas sigelvakso
neh eh-stahss sigehlvahk'so

Take this letter to the post
Portu tiun ĉi leteron al la poŝto
portoo tee-oon chee lehteh'rohn ahl la posh-toh

Pay the postage
Afranku ĝin
ahfrahn'koo jin

Legal and Judicial.
(Leĝaj kaj Juraj Frazoj.)

(For Vocabulary, see p. 54.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

Call the police
Alvoku policanon
ahlvo'koo pohleet-sah'nohn

I give this man in charge
Mi arestigas tiun ĉi homon
mee ahreh-stee'gahss tee-oon chee ho'mohn

What do you charge him with?
Pri kio vi akuzas lin?
pree kee-oh vee ahkoo'zahss lin?

He has stolen my purse
Li ŝtelis mian monujon
lee shteh-leess mee-ahn monoo'yohn

He has taken my watch
Li prenis mian poŝ-horloĝon
lee prehneess mee-ahn posh-horlo'john

Where is the police-station?
Kie estas la policejo?
kee-eh eh-stahss la pohleet-seh'yo?

Have you any witnesses?
Ĉu vi havas atestantojn?
choo vee hah-vahss ahteh-stahn'toyn?

I have two witnesses
Mi havas du atestantojn
mee hahvahss doo ahtehstahn'toyn

Where is the court?
Kie estas la tribunalo?
kee-eh eh-stahss la treeboonah'lo?

You must take out a summons
Vi devas eldonigi asignon
vee deh-vahss ehldoh-nee'ghee ahseeg'nohn

I want a summons
Mi deziras asignon
mee dehzeer'ahss ah-seeg'nohn

Do you wish to prosecute?
Ĉu vi deziras persekuti?
choo vee dehzeer'ahss pehrsehkoo'tee?

I don't care to prosecute
Mi ne volas persekuti
mee neh vo-lahss pehr-sehkoo'tee

What do you advise?
Kion vi konsilas?
kee'ohn vee konsee'lahss?

What am I to do?
Kion mi faru?
kee-ohn mee fah-roo?

Can you recommend me a solicitor?
Ĉu vi povas rekomendi al mi solicitoron?
choo vee po-vahss reh-komehn'dee ahl mee sohleet-seetor'ohn?

Will you take up my case?
Ĉu vi okupos vin pri mia afero?
choo vee ohkoo'pohss vin pree mee-ah ahfeh'roh?

Can I have an interpreter?
Ĉu mi povas havi interpretiston?
choo mee po-vahss hahvee intehrprehtis'ton?

I want bail
Mi deziras, ke oni min liberigu je kaŭcio
mee dehzeer'ahss, keh oh-nee min libehree'goo yeh kahwtsee'oh

Send to my friends
Sendu iun al miaj amikoj
sehn-doo ee-oon ahl mee'ahy ahmee'koy

Where is the British Embassy (Consulate)?
Kie estas la Brita Ambasadorejo (Konsulejo)?
kee-eh eh-stahss la bree-tah ahmbahsahdoreh'yo (konsooleh'yo)?

This is quite wrong
Tio estas tute malĝusta
tee-oh eh-stahss too-teh mahl-joos'tah

It is not just
Ne estas juste
neh eh-stahss yoos-teh

I accept your apology
Mi akceptas vian peton
mee ahktsehp'tahss veeahn peh-tohn

I apologise
Mi petas pardonon
mee peh-tahss pardoh'nohn

It was all a mistake
La tuta afero estis eraro
la too-tah ahfehr'oh eh-steess ehrah'ro

I claim damages
Mi postulas monkompenson
mee postoo'lahss mohnkompehn'sohn

The case is adjourned until…
La proceso estas prokrastita ĝis…
la prohtseh'so eh-stahss prohkrah-stee'tah jiss…

I will be here
Mi estos tie ĉi
mee ehstohss tee-eh chee

Commercial and Trading.
(Komercaj kaj Negocaj Frazoj.)

(For Vocabulary see page 56.)

English.
Esperanto.
Pronunciation.

The firm has failed
La firmo bankrotis
la feer'mo bahnkro'teess

What assets are there?
Kiom da aktivo estas?
kee-ohm dah ahktee'vo eh-stahss?

Show me a balance-sheet
Montru al mi bilancon
mohn-troo ahl mee bee-lahnt'sohn

What dividend is declared?
Kioman dividendon oni deklaris?
keeohman dividen'dohn ohnee deklah'reess?

The Bank rate is down
La Banka kurso malaltiĝis
la bahn-kah koor-so mahlahltee'jeess

Send in my account
Sendu mian konton
sehn-doo mee-ahn kontohn

There is an error in your account
Estas eraro en via konto
eh-stahss eh-rah'ro ehn vee-ah kon-toh

You have over-charged me
Vi kalkulis al mi tro kare
vee kahlkoo'leess ahl mee tro kah-reh

This has been paid
Tio estas pagita
teeoh ehstahss pahgheetah

Your account is overdue
Estas jam post la pagdato de via konto
ehstahss yahm pohst la pahg-dah'toh deh veeah kon-toh

Give me a receipt
Donu al mi kvitancon
donoo ahl mee kvitahnt'sohn

My samples are delayed
Miaj specimenoj malfruas
mee'ahy speht-seemeh'noy mahl-froo'ahss

Your esteemed order to hand
Via ŝatata mendo alvenis
vee-ah shahtah'tah mehndoh ahlveh'neess

We require trade references
Ni bezonas negocreferencojn
nee behzoh'nahss nehgohts-rehfehrent'soyn

I have a letter of introduction
Mi havas prezentan leteron
mee havahss prehzehn'tahn lehteh'rohn

When can you deliver the goods?
Kiam vi povas liveri la komercaĵojn?
kee-ahm vee po-vahss leeveh'ree la komehrtsah'zhoyn?

We will deliver on the 1st proximo
Ni liveros la unuan de la proksima monato
nee leeveh'rohss la oonoo'ahn deh la proksee'mah mohnah'toh

To execute an order
Plenumi mendon
plehnoo'mee mehndohn

Can I insure my baggage?
Ĉu mi povas asekuri miajn pakaĵojn?
choo mee po-vahss ahsehkoo'ree mee'ahyn pahkah'zhoyn?

Your baggage is liable to duty
Viaj pakaĵoj estas imposteblaj
vee'ahy pahkah'zhoy eh-stahss imposteh'blahy

What is the rate?
Po kiom?
po kee-ohm?

To discount a bill
Diskonti kambion
diskon'tee kahmbee'ohn

Will you accept a bill?
Ĉu vi akceptos kambion?
choo vee ahktsehp'tohss kahmbee'ohn?

Give me your estimate
Donu al mi vian kostproponon
dohnoo ahl mee vee-ahn kost-prohpo'nohn

Quote me a price
Proponu prezon
prohpo'noo preh-zohn

Carriage forward
Transporto pagota de la ricevonto
trahnspor'toh pahgoh'tah deh la ritsehvon'toh

Send by fast train
Sendu per rapidira vagono
sehn'doo pehr rahpeedee'rah vahgo'no

It is short weight
Mankas iom al la pezo
mahn-kahss ee-ohm ahl la peh-zo

What is the weight?
Kiom estas la pezo?
kee-ohm eh-stahss la peh-zo?

The consignment is bad
La sendaĵo estas malbona
la sehndah'zho ehstahss mahl-bo'nah

Not according to sample
Ne laŭ specimeno
neh lahw spehtseemeh'no

Changing Money.
(Por ŝanĝi monon.)

English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation.
Where can I get money changed? | Kie mi povas ŝanĝigi monon? | kee-eh mee po-vahss shahnjee'ghee mo-nohn?
I want change for a five-pound note | Mi volas havi monerojn por kvinfunta bankbileto | mee volahss hahvee moneh'royn por kvinfoon'tah bahnk-beeleh'toh
Will you give me English money? | Volu doni al mi Anglan monon? | vo-loo doh-nee ahl mee ahn-glahn mo-nohn?
What is the exchange on English money? | Po kiom estas la kurso pri Angla mono? | po kee-ohm eh-stahss la koor-so pree ahn-glah mo-no?
A bank-note | Bankbileto | bahnk-beeleh'toh
Will you change me these sovereigns? | Ĉu vi povas ŝanĝi por mi ĉi tiujn funtojn sterlingajn? | choo vee po-vahss shahnjee por mee chee tee-ooyn foon-toyn stehrlin'gahyn?
Will you cash this cheque for me? | Ĉu vi povas ŝanĝi por mi ĉi tiun ĉekon? | choo vee po-vahss shahnjee por mee chee tee-oon cheh-kohn?
This cheque needs endorsing | Estas necese, ĝiri tiun ĉi ĉekon | eh-stahss nehtseh'seh, jee-ree tee-oon chee cheh-kohn

MONEY, WEIGHTS & MEASURES.

MONEY.
(Mono.)

The following tables will be found useful:

English Money, with French, German and Italian Equivalents.

ENGLISH. | FRENCH. | GERMAN. | ITALIAN.
£ | s. | d. | Fr. | C. | Mark | Pf. | Lire | Cent.
50 | 0 | 0 | 1250 | 00 | 1000 | 00 | 1260 | 00
10 | 0 | 0 | 250 | 00 | 200 | 00 | 252 | 00
5 | 0 | 0 | 125 | 00 | 100 | 00 | 126 | 00
4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 00 | 80 | 00 | 100 | 80
1 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 00 | 20 | 00 | 25 | 20
| 16 | 0 | 20 | 00 | 16 | 00 | 20 | 16
| 10 | 0 | 12 | 50 | 10 | 00 | 12 | 60
| 5 | 0 | 6 | 25 | 5 | 00 | 6 | 30
| 4 | 0 | 5 | 00 | 4 | 00 | 5 | 04
| 2 | 6 | 3 | 12.5 | 2 | 50 | 3 | 15
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 25 | 1 | 00 | 1 | 25
| 6 |  | 62.5 |  | 50 |  | 62
| 5 |  | 52 |  | 41 |  | 52
| 4 |  | 41 |  | 33 |  | 41
| 1 |  | 10 |  |   8 |  | 10
| ½ |  |   5 |  |   4 |  |   5

French, German and Italian Money, with English Equivalents.

FRENCH. |  | ENGLISH. | GERMAN. |  | ENGLISH. | ITALIAN. |  | ENGLISH.
| £ | s. | d. |  | s. | d. |  | £ | s. | d.
50 | francs | = | 2 |   0 |   0 | 1 | mark | = | 1 | 0 | 50 | lire | = | 1 | 19 | 8
20 | " | = |  | 16 |   0 | 8 | pfennig | = |  | 1 | 20 | " | = |  | 16 | 0
5 | " | = |  |   4 |   0 | 4 | pfennig | = |  | ½ | 5 | " | = |  |   4 | 0
1 | franc | = |  | 10 |  | 1 | lira | = |  | 9½
10 | centimes | = |  |   1 |  | 10 | centesimi | = |  | 1
5 | " | = |  |   ½ |  | 5 | " | = |  | ½

Considerable use is also made by Esperantists of the International Aŭiliary Money-unit (Internacia Helpa Mono) introduced by M. René de Saussure, of the Internacia Scienca Asocio, Geneva. The unit is the Speso, equivalent to one-tenth of a farthing in English money.

10 spesoj (abbr. 10 s.) = 1 spesdeko (1 sd.) = ¼d.

100 spesdekoj (100 sd.) = 1 spesmilo (1 sm.) = 2s. 0d.

1 sm. = 100 sd. = 1,000 s.

The approximate values of 10 spesmiloj in terms of the various national units are as follows: 10 spesmiloj = 25 francs = 20 shillings = 20 marks = 5 dollars = 24 Austrian kroner = 18 Scandinavian kroner = 12 Dutch florins = 9½ roubles = 4½ Portuguese milreis = 9 Brazilian milreis = 5 pesetas = 9¾ yen.

The chief point to remember is that 1 spesmilo equals 2 shillings, and 1 spesdeko equals approximately 1 farthing.

WEIGHTS & MEASURES.
(Pezoj kaj Mezuroj.)

The Metric System is the one in general use among Esperantists. The following table shows the essential decimal character of the system:

Parts. | Length. | Weight. | Capacity.
One-thousandth. | Milimetro. | Miligramo. | Mililitro.
One-hundredth. | Centimetro. | Centigramo. | Centilitro.
One-tenth. | Decimetro. | Decigramo. | Decilitro.
One. | Metro (unit). | Gramo (unit). | Litro (unit).
Ten. | Dekametro. | Dekagramo. | Dekalitro.
Hundred. | Hektometro. | Hektogramo. | Hektolitro.
Thousand. | Kilometro. | Kilogramo. | Kilolitro.

MEASURES OF LENGTH.
(Mezuroj de Longeco.)

English. |  | Esperanto. | Esperanto. |  | English.
1 inch | = | 2.54 centimetroj | 1 centimetro | = | 0.394 (1/3) inch
1 foot (12 in.) | = | 30.48 " | 1 decimetro | = | 3.94 inches
1 yard (3 ft.) | = | 91.43 " | 1 metro | = | 39.37 in. (3 ft. 3-1/3 in.)
1 furlong (220 yds.) | = | 201 metroj | 1 hektometro | = | 109 yds. 1 ft.
1 mile (1760 yds.) | = | 1.61 kilometroj | 1 kilometro | = | 1093 yds. (5/8 mile)
5 miles | = | 8.05 " | 5 kilometroj | = | 3 miles 220 yds.

WEIGHTS.
(Pezoj.)

English. |  | Esperanto. | Esperanto. |  | English.
1 ounce… | = | 28 gramoj | 1 gramo | = | .0357 (1/30) oz. (15.432 gr.)
1 lb. (16 oz.) | = | 453 " | 1 hektogramo | = | 3½ oz.
1 stone (14 lb.) | = | 6 kilo. 345 gr. | 1 kilogramo | = | 2.2 lb.
1 quarter (28 lb.) | = | 12 kilo. 690 gr. | 5 kilogramoj | = | 11 lb.
1 cwt. (112 lb.) | = | 50 kilo. 750 gr. | 1000 " | = | 19 cwt. 2 qr. 23 lb.
1 ton (20 cwt.) | = | 1015 kilogramoj |

LIQUIDS.
(Fluidaĵoj.)

English. |  | Esperanto. | Esperanto. |  | English.
1 pint | = | 0.57 litro | 1 litro | = | 1.76 (1¾) pints (0.22 gall.)
1 quart (2 pints) | = | 1.14 litroj | 5 litroj | = | 1 gallon 1 pint
1 gallon (4 quarts) | = | 4.54 " | 1 hektolitro | = | 22 gallons
1 barrel (36 gallons) | = | 160.32 " | 1 kilolitro | = | 220 "
1 hogshead (54 gall.) | = | 240.48 " |

AREA.
(Areo.)

English. |  | Esperanto. | Esperanto. |  | English.
1 sq. inch | = | 6.45 kvadrataj centimetroj | 1 centiaro (1 kv. metro) | = | 1.196 sq. yd.
1 sq. foot | = | 9.29 " decimetroj | 1 aro (100 kv. metroj) | = | 0.099 rood
1 sq. yard | = | 83.6 " decimetroj | 1 hektaro (10,000 kv. metroj) | = | 2.471 acres
1 acre | = | 4046.78 kv. metroj |

The following Esperanto translations of English units are sometimes needed: Colo, inch; futo, foot; jardo, yard; mejlo, mile; unco, ounce; funto, pound; ekro, acre.

POSTAGE.

The postage on Letters from the United Kingdom to foreign countries (except Egypt and the United States) is 2½d. for 1 ounce, and 1½d. for each succeeding ounce or fraction thereof; Postcards, 1d.; Newspapers, ½d. for every 2 ounces; Commercial Papers, 2½d. for the first 10 ounces, and ½d. per 2 ounces thereafter. Special Coupons for Prepayment of Reply are issued in connection with many countries.

NOTES

[1] Any information as to Esperanto groups, literature, etc., may be obtained on application to The British Esperanto Association, 142, High Holborn, London, W.C. 1.

[2] The names of trees and bushes are formed by adding the suffix -uj (or simply -arbo, tree) to the root denoting the fruit or flower. E.g., pruno, plum—prunujo or prunarbo, plum-tree; marono, chestnut—maronujo, maronarbo, chestnut-tree; rozo, rose—rozujo, rozarbeto, rose-bush.

[3] See p. 77, "The Noun."

[4] Where a country is called after its inhabitants, the Esperanto name for it is formed by adding the suffix -uj (= that which contains, see p. 85) or -lando (land) to the root denoting the inhabitant. Thus: Belg-o, Belgian—Belg-ujo, Belgium; Brito, Briton—Grandbritujo, Great Britain; Sviso, a Swiss—Svisujo, Switzerland; or Belgolando, Skotlando, Anglolando, Svislando, etc. Where the name of the inhabitants is formed from that of the country, use is made of the suffix -ano (= member of). Thus: Eŭropo, Europe—Eŭropano, European; Irlando, Ireland—Irlandano, Irishman.

[5] See -an, p. 85.

[6] See Participles, p. 81.

[7] See Affixes, p. 85.

[8] See Suffixes, p. 85.

[9] For this purpose the small penny Esperanto "key," which contains the fundamental roots of the language, will be found useful. It may be obtained of any Esperanto bookseller.

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES

The following typographic errors were corrected:

p. 20, piedovojeto > piedvojeto

p. 46, ŝraubturnilo > ŝraŭbturnilo

p. 60, Telephono > Telefono (in title)

p. 78, double > duoble (duoble, doubly)

p. 85, -ac > -aĉ

p. 87, autaŭ'ĉambro > antaŭ'ĉambro

p. 101, Lauhore > Laŭhore

p. 103, esta > estas (Ĉu la matenmanĝo estas…?)

p. 108, miaj-amikoj > miaj amikoj

p. 114, ŝraubingon > ŝraŭbingon

p. 118, ight-horse-power > eight-horse-power

as well as several punctuation errors and inconsistencies in the Prononciation column of the tables, which were silently corrected.

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