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The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species By: Charles Darwin (1809-1882) |
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THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF FLOWERS ON PLANTS OF THE SAME SPECIES by CHARLES DARWIN, M.A., F.R.S.
TO PROFESSOR ASA GRAY THIS VOLUME IS DEDICATED BY THE AUTHOR
AS A SMALL TRIBUTE OF RESPECT AND AFFECTION.
CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTION.
CHAPTER I.
HETEROSTYLED DIMORPHIC PLANTS: PRIMULACEAE. Primula veris or the cowslip. Differences in structure between the two forms.
Their degrees of fertility when legitimately and illegitimately united. P.
elatior, vulgaris, Sinensis, auricula, etc. Summary on the fertility of the
heterostyled species of Primula. Homostyled species of Primula. Hottonia
palustris. Androsace vitalliana.
CHAPTER II.
HYBRID PRIMULAS. The oxlip a hybrid naturally produced between Primula veris and vulgaris. The
differences in structure and function between the two parent species. Effects
of crossing long styled and short styled oxlips with one another and with the
two forms of both parent species. Character of the offspring from oxlips
artificially self fertilised and cross fertilised in a state of nature. Primula
elatior shown to be a distinct species. Hybrids between other heterostyled
species of Primula. Supplementary note on spontaneously produced hybrids in the
genus Verbascum.
CHAPTER III.
HETEROSTYLED DIMORPHIC PLANTS continued. Linum grandiflorum, long styled form utterly sterile with own form pollen.
Linum perenne, torsion of the pistils in the long styled form alone. Homostyled
species of Linum. Pulmonaria officinalis, singular difference in self fertility
between the English and German long styled plants. Pulmonaria angustifolia
shown to be a distinct species, long styled form completely self sterile.
Polygonum fagopyrum. Various other heterostyled genera. Rubiaceae. Mitchella
repens, fertility of the flowers in pairs. Houstonia. Faramea, remarkable
difference in the pollen grains of the two forms; torsion of the stamens in the
short styled form alone; development not as yet perfect. The heterostyled
structure in the several Rubiaceous genera not due to descent in common.
CHAPTER IV.
HETEROSTYLED TRIMORPHIC PLANTS. Lythrum salicaria. Description of the three forms. Their power and complex
manner of fertilising one another. Eighteen different unions possible. Mid
styled form eminently feminine in nature. Lythrum Graefferi likewise
trimorphic. L. hymifolia dimorphic. L. hyssopifolia homostyled. Nesaea
verticillata trimorphic. Lagerstroemia, nature doubtful. Oxalis, trimorphic
species of. O. Valdiviana. O. Regnelli, the illegitimate unions quite barren.
O. speciosa. O. sensitiva. Homostyled species of Oxalis. Pontederia, the one
monocotyledonous genus known to include heterostyled species.
CHAPTER V.
ILLEGITIMATE OFFSPRING OF HETEROSTYLED PLANTS. Illegitimate offspring from all three forms of Lythrum salicaria. Their dwarfed
stature and sterility, some utterly barren, some fertile. Oxalis, transmission
of form to the legitimate and illegitimate seedlings. Primula Sinensis,
illegitimate offspring in some degree dwarfed and infertile. Equal styled
varieties of P. Sinensis, auricula, farinosa, and elatior. P. vulgaris, red
flowered variety, illegitimate seedlings sterile. P. veris, illegitimate plants
raised during several successive generations, their dwarfed stature and
sterility. Equal styled varieties of P. veris. Transmission of form by
Pulmonaria and Polygonum. Concluding remarks. Close parallelism between
illegitimate fertilisation and hybridism.
CHAPTER VI.
CONCLUDING REMARKS ON HETEROSTYLED PLANTS. The essential character of heterostyled plants. Summary of the differences in
fertility between legitimately and illegitimately fertilised plants. Diameter
of the pollen grains, size of anthers and structure of stigma in the different
forms. Affinities of the genera which include heterostyled species. Nature of
the advantages derived from heterostylism. The means by which plants became
heterostyled... Continue reading book >>
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