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Genera and Subgenera of Chipmunks By: John A. White |
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University of Kansas Publications
Museum of Natural History Volume 5, No. 32, pp. 543 561, 12 figures in text December 1, 1953 University of Kansas
LAWRENCE
1953
UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, A. Byron Leonard,
and Robert W. Wilson Volume 5, No. 32, pp. 543 561, 12 figures in text December 1, 1953 UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
Lawrence, Kansas PRINTED BY
FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER
TOPEKA, KANSAS
1953
Genera and Subgenera of Chipmunks
By
JOHN A. WHITE
CONTENTS
PAGE
Introduction 546
Historical 546
Methods, Materials, and Acknowledgments 547
Evaluation of Characters 548
Characters in which the Subgenera Eutamias
and Neotamias Agree, but Differ from the
Genus Tamias 548
Structure of the Malleus 548
Structure of the Baculum 549
Structure of the Hyoid Apparatus 552
Presence or Absence of P3 553
Length of Tail in Relation to Total Length 553
Color Pattern 554
Characters in which the Subgenus Eutamias
and the Genus Tamias Agree, but Differ
from the Subgenus Neotamias 554
Shape of the Infraorbital Foramen 554
Width of the Postorbital Process at Base 554
Position of the Supraorbital Notch 554
Degree of Convergence of the Upper Tooth rows 554
Degree of Constriction of the Interorbital Region 555
Shape of the Pinna 555
Structural Features that are too Weakly Expressed
to be of Taxonomic Use 555
Discussion 555
Genera and Subgenera 557
Genus Eutamias Trouessart 557
Subgenus Eutamias Trouessart 558
Subgenus Neotamias Howell 558
Genus Tamias Illiger 559
Discussion 559
Conclusions 560
Literature Cited 561
ILLUSTRATIONS Figs. 1 3. Dorsomedial Views of Malleus 549
Figs. 4 10. Lateral Views of Baculum 551
Figs. 11 12. Ventral Views of Hyoid Apparatus 552
INTRODUCTION
The supraspecific categories of the chipmunks, as in most other groups
of squirrels, have been a source of controversy for many years. Before
presenting new evidence and a review of older evidence bearing on the
problem, it seems desirable to review briefly in chronological order,
the taxonomic history of the genera and subgenera of the chipmunks.
HISTORICAL Linnaeus (1758:64) described the eastern North American chipmunks under
the name Sciurus striatus and based his description on that of Catesby
(1743:75). The Asiatic chipmunk was first described, under the name
Sciurus sibiricus , by Laxmann (1769:69). Schreber (1785, 4:790)
separated the Asiatic and North American chipmunks into the Asiatic and
American varieties. Gmelin (1788:50) followed Schreber and, employing
trinomials, used the names Sciurus striatus asiaticus and S. s.
americanus . Illiger (1811:83) proposed Tamias as the generic name of
the chipmunk of eastern North America. Say (1823:45) described Sciurus
quadrivittatus , the first species of chipmunk known from western North
America. Trouessart (1880:86 87) proposed Eutamias as the subgeneric name to
include the western North American and Asiatic chipmunks. Merriam (1897:189 190) raised Eutamias to full generic rank... Continue reading book >>
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