The Hawaiian Islands Their Resources, Agricultural, Commercial and Financial   By: Hawaii. Dept. of Foreign Affairs

THEIR RESOURCES AGRICULTURAL, COMMERCIAL AND FINANCIAL.

[Illustration (Cover image).]

[Illustration: MAP of the HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.]

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I. 3 CHAPTER II. 12 CHAPTER III. 16 CHAPTER IV. 20 CHAPTER V. 37 CHAPTER VI. 43 CHAPTER VII. 52 CHAPTER VIII. 58 OFFICIAL DIRECTORY. 85

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

MAP OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. SANFORD B. DOLE, President of the Republic of Hawaii. EXECUTIVE BUILDING. / JUDICIARY BUILDING. EWA MILL. / VALLEY SCENE, HAWAII. PAUOA VALLEY RICE FIELDS. / PINEAPPLE PLANTATION. COFFEE PLANTATION, HAMAKUA. / COFFEE PLANTATION, PUNA. OCEANIC STEAMSHIP AUSTRALIA. / VOLCANO HOUSE. KOHALA RAILROAD. / RICE FIELD, PEARL CITY. NUUANU AVENUE, HONOLULU. / WAIKIKI BEACH. LUNALILO HOME, FOR AGED HAWAIIANS. / KAMEHAMEHA SCHOOL. OAHU COLLEGE. / PAUAHI HALL, OAHU COLLEGE. MASONIC TEMPLE. / KAMEHAMEHA MUSEUM. KAWAIAHAO CHURCH (Hawaiian). / CENTRAL UNION CHURCH.

[Illustration: SANFORD B. DOLE. President of the Republic of Hawaii.]

THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

THEIR RESOURCES AGRICULTURAL, COMMERCIAL AND FINANCIAL.

Coffee, THE COMING STAPLE PRODUCT.

ISSUED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, 1896.

HONOLULU: PRINTED BY THE HAWAIIAN GAZETTE COMPANY.

The following pamphlet has been compiled for the purpose of giving information to those intending to invest in the industries of the Hawaiian Islands. The information can be vouched for as correct. The portion dealing with agriculture is from the pen of Joseph Marsden, Esq., Commissioner of Agriculture. The digest of the land law has been prepared by J. F. Brown, Esq., Commissioner of Public Lands. The historical portion has been written by Prof. Alexander, Chief of the Government Survey and author of a "Short History of the Hawaiian People" and other works. The pamphlet has been planned, edited and in part written by Alatau T. Atkinson, Esq., ex Inspector General of Schools, and now General Superintendent of Census.

CHAPTER I.

GENERAL INFORMATION.

The Hawaiian Islands are situated in the North Pacific Ocean and lie between longitudes 154° 40' and 160° 30' West, and latitudes 22° 16' and 18° 55' North. They are thus on the very edge of the tropics, but their position in mid ocean and the prevalence of the northeast trade wind gives them a climate unequalled by any other portion of the globe a perpetual summer without an enervating heat. In the Hawaiian Islands Americans and Europeans can and do work in the open air, at all seasons of the year, as they cannot in countries lying in the same latitudes elsewhere. To note an instance, Calcutta lies a little to the north of the latitude of Kauai, our most northerly Island, and in Calcutta the American and European can only work with his brain; hard physical labor he cannot do and live. On the Hawaiian Islands he can work and thrive.

RAINFALL AND TEMPERATURE.

The rainfall varies, being greater on the windward side of the Islands, and increasing up to a certain elevation. Thus, at Olaa, on the Island of Hawaii, windward side and elevation of about 2,000 feet, the rainfall from July 1st, 1894, to June 30, 1895, was 176.82 inches, while at Kailua, on the leeward side, at a low level, it was only 51.21 inches during the same period.

The temperature also varies according to elevation and position. On the Island of Hawaii you can get any climate from the heat of summer to actual winter at the summits of the two great mountains. A meteorological record, kept carefully for a period of twelve years, gives 89° as the highest and 54° as the lowest temperature recorded, or a mean temperature of 71° 30' for the year. A case of sunstroke has never been known. People make no special precautions against the sun, wearing straw and soft felt hats similar to those worn in the States during the summer months.

WINDS.