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Life in the Medieval University By: Robert S. Rait (1874-1936) |
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The Cambridge Manuals of Science and Literature
LIFE IN THE MEDIEVAL UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
London: FETTER LANE, E.C. 4
C. F. CLAY, Manager
[Illustration: Arms]
New York: G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras: MACMILLAN AND CO., Ltd.
Toronto: J. M. DENT & SONS, Ltd.
Tokyo: THE MARUZEN KABUSHIKI KAISHA
All rights reserved [Illustration: The Student's Progress (From Gregor Reisch's Margarita
philosophica , Edition of 1504, Strassburg)]
LIFE IN THE MEDIEVAL UNIVERSITY BY ROBERT S. RAIT, M.A.
FELLOW AND TUTOR OF NEW COLLEGE, OXFORD
Cambridge:
at the University Press
1918 First Edition, 1912
Reprinted 1918
With the exception of the coat of arms at the foot, the design
on the title page is a reproduction of one used by the earliest
known Cambridge printer, John Siberch, 1521.
NOTE ON THE FRONTISPIECE
In this picture the schoolboy is seen arriving with his satchel and
being presented with a hornbook by Nicostrata, the Latin muse
Carmentis, who changed the Greek alphabet into the Latin. She admits
him by the key of congruitas to the House of Wisdom ("Wisdom hath
builded her house, she hath hewn out her seven pillars," Proverbs
ix. 1). In the lowest story he begins his course in Donatus under a
Bachelor of Arts armed with the birch; in the next he is promoted to
Priscian. Then follow the other subjects of the Trivium and the
Quadrivium each subject being represented by its chief
exponent logic by Aristotle, arithmetic by Boethius, geometry by
Euclid, etc. Ptolemy, the philosopher, who represents astronomy, is
confused with the kings of the same name. Pliny and Seneca represent
the more advanced study of physical and of moral science respectively,
and the edifice is crowned by Theology, the long and arduous course
for which followed that of the Arts. Its representative in a medieval
treatise is naturally Peter Lombard.
NOTE
I wish to express my obligations to many recent writers on University
history, and to the editors of University Statutes and other records,
from which my illustrations of medieval student life have been
derived. I owe special gratitude to Dr Hastings Rashdall, Fellow of
New College and Canon of Hereford, my indebtedness to whose great
work, The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages , is apparent
throughout the following pages. Dr Rashdall has been good enough to
read my proof sheets, and to make valuable criticisms and suggestions,
and the Master of Emmanuel has rendered me a similar service. R. S. R.
23rd January 1912.
CONTENTS
Chapter I INTRODUCTORY Chaucer and the Medieval Student The Great Period of
University Founding The words "Universitas," "Collegium,"
"Studium Generale" Bologna Growth of Studia Generalia
Paris, Oxford, Cambridge Definition of "Universitas"..... 1
Chapter II LIFE IN THE STUDENT UNIVERSITIES Student Guilds at Bologna "Nations" The College of
Doctors Relations with the City Position of an English
Law Student at Bologna, and his relations to his Nation and
his Universitas The Office of Rector Powers of the
University over Citizens The Degradation of the Bologna
Masters Examinations The Doctorate Regulations
Padua Limitations of the Rector's Powers at Florence
Spanish Universities Married Dons... Continue reading book >>
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