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The Machinery of the Universe Mechanical Conceptions of Physical Phenomena By: Amos E. Dolbear (1837-1910) |
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THE MACHINERY OF THE UNIVERSE MECHANICAL CONCEPTIONS OF
PHYSICAL PHENOMENA
BY
A. E. DOLBEAR, A.B., A.M., M.E., PH.D. PROFESSOR OF PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY, TUFTS COLLEGE, MASS.
PUBLISHED UNDER GENERAL LITERATURE COMMITTEE.
LONDON:
SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE,
NORTHUMBERLAND AVENUE, W.C.;
43, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C. BRIGHTON: 129, NORTH STREET. NEW YORK: E. & J. B. YOUNG & CO. 1897.
PREFACE
For thirty years or more the expressions "Correlation of the Physical
Forces" and "The Conservation of Energy" have been common, yet few
persons have taken the necessary pains to think out clearly what
mechanical changes take place when one form of energy is transformed
into another. Since Tyndall gave us his book called Heat as a Mode of Motion neither
lecturers nor text books have attempted to explain how all phenomena are
the necessary outcome of the various forms of motion. In general,
phenomena have been attributed to forces a metaphysical term, which
explains nothing and is merely a stop gap, and is really not at all
needful in these days, seeing that transformable modes of motion, easily
perceived and understood, may be substituted in all cases for forces. In December 1895 the author gave a lecture before the Franklin Institute
of Philadelphia, on "Mechanical Conceptions of Electrical Phenomena," in
which he undertook to make clear what happens when electrical phenomena
appear. The publication of this lecture in The Journal of the Franklin
Institute and in Nature brought an urgent request that it should be
enlarged somewhat and published in a form more convenient for the
public. The enlargement consists in the addition of a chapter on the
" Contrasted Properties of Matter and the Ether ," a chapter containing
something which the author believes to be of philosophical importance in
these days when electricity is so generally described as a phenomenon of
the ether. A. E. DOLBEAR.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I Ideas of phenomena ancient and modern, metaphysical and
mechanical Imponderables Forces, invented and
discarded Explanations Energy, its factors, Kinetic
and Potential Motions, kinds and transformations
of Mechanical, molecular, and atomic Invention of
Ethers, Faraday's conceptions p. 7
CHAPTER II Properties of Matter and Ether compared Discontinuity
versus Continuity Size of atoms Astronomical
distances Number of atoms in the universe Ether
unlimited Kinds of Matter, permanent qualities
of Atomic structure; vortex rings, their
properties Ether structureless Matter
gravitative, Ether not Friction in Matter, Ether
frictionless Chemical properties Energy in
Matter and in Ether Matter as a transformer
of Energy Elasticity Vibratory rates and
waves Density Heat Indestructibility of
Matter Inertia in Matter and in Ether Matter
not inert Magnetism and Ether waves States
of Matter Cohesion and chemism affected by
temperature Shearing stress in Solids and in
Ether Ether pressure Sensation dependent upon
Matter Nervous system not affected by Ether
states Other stresses in Ether Transformations
of Motion Terminology p. 24
CHAPTER III Antecedents of Electricity Nature of what is
transformed Series of transformations for the
production of light Positive and negative
Electricity Positive and negative twists Rotations
about a wire Rotation of an arc Ether a
non conductor Electro magnetic waves Induction
and inductive action Ether stress and atomic
position Nature of an electric current Electricity
a condition, not an entity p. 94
CHAPTER I Ideas of phenomena ancient and modern, metaphysical and
mechanical Imponderables Forces, invented and
discarded Explanations Energy, its factors, Kinetic
and Potential Motions, kinds and transformations
of Mechanical, molecular, and atomic Invention of
Ethers, Faraday's conceptions... Continue reading book >>
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