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Negro Migration during the War By: Emmett J. Scott (1873-1957) |
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NEGRO MIGRATION DURING THE WAR EMMETT J. SCOTT
FOREWORD
In the preparation of this study I have had the encouragement and
support of Dr. Robert R. Moton, Principal of the Tuskegee Normal and
Industrial Institute, Alabama, who generously placed at my disposal
the facilities of the Institute's Division of Records and Research,
directed by Mr. Monroe N. Work, the editor of the Negro Year Book .
Mr. Work has cooperated with me in the most thoroughgoing manner. I
have also had the support of the National League on Urban Conditions
and particularly of the Chicago branch of which Dr. Robert E. Park
is President and of which Mr. T. Arnold Hill is Secretary. Mr. Hill
placed at my disposal his first assistant, Mr. Charles S. Johnson,
graduate student of the University of Chicago, to whom I am greatly
indebted. I must also make acknowledgment of my indebtedness to Dr.
Carter G. Woodson, Director of the Association for the Study of Negro
Life and History, Incorporated, Washington, D.C., for placing at my
disposal the facilities of his organization. The work of investigation was divided up by assigning Mr. Work to
Alabama, Georgia and Florida; Mr. Johnson to Mississippi and to
centers in Missouri, Illinois, Wisconsin and Indiana, while the
eastern centers were assigned to Mr. T. Thomas Fortune, Trenton, New
Jersey, a former editor of the New York Age , and a publicist and
investigator of well known ability. It is upon the reports submitted
by these investigators that this study rests. I can not speak too
warmly of the enthusiastic and painstaking care with which these
men have labored to secure the essential facts with regard to the
migration of the negro people from the South. Emmett J. Scott. Washington, D.C., June 5, 1919.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I Introduction 3 II Causes of the Migration 13 III Stimulation of the Movement 26 IV The Spread of the Movement 38 V The Call of the Self Sufficient North 49 VI The Draining of the Black Belt 59 VII Efforts to Check the Movement 72 VIII Effects of the Movement on the South 86 IX The Situation in St. Louis 95 X Chicago and Its Environs 102 XI The Situation at Points in the Middle West 119 XII The Situation at Points in the East 134 XIII Remedies for Relief by National Organizations 143 XIV Public Opinion Regarding the Migration 152 Bibliography 175 Index 185
NEGRO MIGRATION DURING THE WAR
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
Within the brief period of three years following the outbreak of the
great war in Europe, more than four hundred thousand negroes suddenly
moved north. In extent this movement is without parallel in American
history, for it swept on thousands of the blacks from remote regions
of the South, depopulated entire communities, drew upon the negro
inhabitants of practically every city of the South, and spread from
Florida to the western limits of Texas. In character it was not
without precedent. In fact, it bears such a significant resemblance to
the migration to Kansas in 1879 and the one to Arkansas and Texas
in 1888 and 1889 that this of 1916 1917 may be regarded as the same
movement with intervals of a number of years. Strange as it might seem the migration of 1879 first attracted general
notice when the accusation was brought that it was a political scheme
to transplant thousands of negro voters from their disfranchisement
in the South to States where their votes might swell the Republican
majority. Just here may be found a striking analogy to one of the
current charges brought against the movement nearly forty years later... Continue reading book >>
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