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The Oriental Religions in Roman Paganism By: Franz Valery Marie Cumont (1868-1947) |
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Some short Greek renderings in the main text were printed as page
footnotes. To avoid confusion with the links to the scholarly notes, these
have been moved to parentheses next to the English renderings.
The Oriental Religions in
Roman Paganism By Franz Cumont With an Introductory Essay by
Grant Showerman Authorized Translation Chicago
The Open Court Publishing Company London Agents
Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co. 1911 COPYRIGHT BY
THE OPEN COURT PUBLISHING CO.
1911 TO MY TEACHER AND FRIEND CHARLES MICHEL
{iii} TABLE OF CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION. The Significance of Franz Cumont's Work, By Grant Showerman
... v PREFACE ... xv PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION ... xxv I. ROME AND THE ORIENT ... 1 Superiority of the Orient, 1. Its Influence on Political Institutions,
3. Its Influence on Civil Law, 5. Its Influence on Science, 6. Its
Influence on Literature and Art, 7. Its Influence on Industry,
9. SOURCES: Destruction of Pagan Rituals, 11. Mythographers,
12. Historians, 13. Satirists, 13. Philosophers, 14. Christian
Polemicists, 15. Archeological Documents, 16. II. WHY THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS SPREAD ... 20 Difference in the Religions of the Orient and the Occident, 20. Spread of
Oriental Religions, 22. Economic Influences, 23. Theory of Degeneration,
25. Conversions are of Individuals, 27. Appeal of the Oriental Religions
to the Senses, 28. Appeal to the Intelligence, 31. Appeal to the
Conscience, 35. Inadequacy of the Roman Religion, 35. Skepticism,
37. Imperial Power, 38. The Purification of Souls, 39. Hope of
Immortality, 42. Conclusion, 43. III. ASIA MINOR ... 46 Arrival of Cybele at Rome, 46. Her Religion in Asia Minor, 47. Religion
at Rome under the Republic, 51. Adoption of the Goddess Ma Bellona,
53. Politics of Claudius, 55. Spring Festival, 56. Spread of the
Phrygian Religion in the Provinces, 57. Causes of Its Success, 58. Its
Official Recognition, 60. ARRIVAL OF OTHER CULTS: Mèn, 61. Judaism,
63. Sabazius, 64. Anahita, 65. The Taurobolium, 66. Philosophy,
70. Christianity, 70. Conclusion, 71. IV. EGYPT ... 73 Foundation of Serapis Worship, 73. The Egyptian Religion Hellenized,
75. Diffusion in Greece, 79. Adoption at Rome, 80. Persecutions,
82. Adoption Under Caligula, 84. Its History, 85. Its Transformation,
86. Uncertainty in Egyptian Theology, 87. Insufficiency of Its Ethics,
90. Power of Its Ritual, 93. Daily Liturgy, 95. Festivals, 97. Doctrine
of Immortality, 99. The Refrigerium , 101. {iv} V. SYRIA ... 103 The Syrian Goddess, 103. Importation of New Gods by Syrian Slaves,
105. Syrian Merchants, 107. Syrian Soldiers, 112. Heliogabalus and
Aurelian, 114. Value of Semitic Paganism, 115. Animal Worship,
116. Baals, 118. Human Sacrifice, 119. Transformation of the Sacerdotal
Religion, 120. Purity, 121. Influence of Babylon, 122. Eschatology,
125. THEOLOGY: God is Supreme, 127. God is Omnipotent, 129. God is
Eternal and Universal, 130. Semitic Syncretism, 131. Solar Henotheism,
133. VI. PERSIA ... 135 Persia and Europe, 135. Influence of the Achemenides, 136. Influence of
Mazdaism, 138. Conquests of Rome, 139. Influence of the Sassanides,
140. Origin of the Mysteries of Mithra, 142. Persians in Asia Minor,
144. The Mazdaism of Anatolia, 146. Its Diffusion in the Occident,
149. Its Qualities, 150. Dualism, 151. The Ethics of Mithraism,
155. The Future Life, 158. Conclusion, 159. VII. ASTROLOGY AND MAGIC ... 162 Prestige of Astrology, 162. Its Introduction in the Occident,
163. Astrology Under the Empire, 164. Polemics Powerless Against
Astrology, 166. Astrology a Scientific Religion, 169. The Primitive Idea
of Sympathy, 171. Divinity of the Stars, 172... Continue reading book >>
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