Rural Problems of Today   By: Ernest R. (Ernest Rutherford) Groves (1877-1946)

RURAL PROBLEMS OF TODAY

ERNEST R. GROVES

Author of "Moral Sanitation," "Using the Resources of the Country Church," etc.

ASSOCIATION PRESS NEW YORK: 124 EAST 28TH STREET 1918

COPYRIGHT, 1918, BY THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATIONS

TO

GLADYS HOAGLAND

WHOSE UNSELFISH AND INTELLIGENT CARE OF

CATHERINE AND ERNESTINE

HAS JUSTIFIED THE ABSOLUTE CONFIDENCE

OF THEIR MOTHER

PREFACE

This book is written for the men and women who love the country and are interested in its social welfare. Fortunately there are many such, and each year their number is increasing.

Rural life has as many sides as there are human interests. This book looks out upon country life conditions from a viewpoint comparatively neglected. It attempts to approach rural social life from the psychological angle. The purpose of the book forces it from the well beaten pathways, but this effort to give emphasis to the mental side of rural problems is not an attempt to discount the other significant aspects of the rural environment. The field of rural service is large enough to contain all who desire by serious study to advance at some point the happiness, prosperity, and wholesomeness that belong by social right to those who live and work in the country.

The author desires to thank the following for the privilege of using material previously published: American Sociological Society, American Journal of Sociology , National Conference of Social Work, Association Press, and Rural Manhood .

E. R. G.

Durham, N. H. April 1, 1918.

CONTENTS

PAGE

PREFACE vii

I. THE RURAL WORKER AND THE COUNTRY HOME 1

II. THE FAMILY IN OUR COUNTRY LIFE 15

III. THE RURAL WORKER AND THE COUNTRY SCHOOLS 41

IV. THE COUNTRY CHURCH AND THE RURAL WORKER 53

V. MENTAL HYGIENE IN RURAL DISTRICTS 71

VI. THE SOCIAL VALUE OF RURAL EXPERIENCE 89

VII. RURAL VS. URBAN ENVIRONMENT 103

VIII. THE MIND OF THE FARMER 117

IX. PSYCHIC CAUSES OF RURAL MIGRATION 135

X. RURAL SOCIALIZING AGENCIES 149

XI. THE WORLD WAR AND RURAL LIFE 169

THE RURAL WORKER AND THE COUNTRY HOME

I

THE RURAL WORKER AND THE COUNTRY HOME

With reference to the care of children, faulty homes may be divided into two classes. There are homes that give the children too little care and there are homes that give them too much. The failure of the first type of home is obvious. Children need a great deal of wise, patient, and kindly care. Even the lower animals require, when domesticated, considerable care from their owners, if they are to be successfully brought from infancy to maturity. Of course children need greater care. No one doubts this. And yet it is certainly true that there are, even in these days of widespread intelligence, many homes where the children obtain too little care and in one way or another are seriously neglected.