A Short History of Germany   By: Mary Platt Parmele (1843-1911)

HISTORY OF GERMANY

BY

MARY PLATT PARMELE

NEW YORK

CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS

1898

COPYRIGHT, 1897, BY MARY PLATT PARMELE

COPYRIGHT, 1898, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS

BY THE SAME AUTHOR

A SHORT HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES A SHORT HISTORY OF ENGLAND A SHORT HISTORY OF FRANCE A SHORT HISTORY OF GERMANY A SHORT HISTORY OF SPAIN

PREFACE.

It is more important to comprehend the forces which have created a great nation, and the progressive steps by which it has unfolded, than to know the multitudinous events and incidents which have attended such unfolding.

In order to forestall criticism for the absence of some events in this History of Germany the author desires to say, that there has been an effort to keep strictly to the main line of development and to resist the temptation of introducing details which do not bear directly upon such line.

The bypaths of history are fascinating, but they are of secondary importance, and may better be explored after the main road has been traveled and is thoroughly known.

Such is the ideal which has been very imperfectly followed in this book.

M. P. P.

NEW YORK, June 21, 1897.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.

Indo European Migrations Divisions of the Aryan Family into European Races The Teutonic Race

CHAPTER II.

Hermann Defeat of Varus Characteristics of the Ancient Germans

CHAPTER III.

Social Conditions Form of Government The Goth in Rome A Gothic Kingdom in Spain The Teuton Race Covering the European Surface The Angles and Saxons in Britain

CHAPTER IV.

Ulfilas The Hunnish Invasion The Roman Empire Perishing Its Conversion An Eastern Empire Increasing Power of the Church Charlemagne France and Germany Separated Feudal System

CHAPTER V.

Early Conditions Hungarian Invasions Creation of Burgs Knighthood Pope and Emperor Become Rivals Henry IV. Canossa First Hohenstaufen Welf and Waiblingen The Crusaders Conrad Frederick Barbarossa

CHAPTER VI.

Source of Weakness in the Empire The Great Interregnum The Nibelungen Lied The Hanseatic League The Guilds Meistersingers

CHAPTER VII.

Conditions First Hapsburg and First Hohenzollern Swiss Freedom Intellectual Awakening The Golden Bull Hussite War A Hohenzollern Receives a Mortgage on the Territory of Brandenburg Discovery of Gunpowder Conditions Existing under Frederick III. Invention of Printing The Passing of the Old and Coming of the New

CHAPTER VIII.

General European Conditions Centralizing Tendencies at Work Maximilian I. A New World The Rise of Spain Isabella Charles IV.

CHAPTER IX.

Triple Game between Francis I., Henry VIII., and Charles IV. Leo X. Luther The Diet of Worms Protestantism Born Margrave of Brandenburg Usurps Sovereignty over Prussia The Peasants War The Augsburg Confession Charles V. Thwarted Protestantism a Dominant Power in his Empire Schisms in the New Faith Calvinism Reformers Lutherans The Schmalkaldian League Anabaptists Abdication of Charles V. Philip II. Death of Charles Ferdinand I. Council of Trent Society of Jesus

CHAPTER X.

A Protestant Germany A Divided Protestantism True Meaning of the Struggle Unfruitful Waiting The Renaissance Music, Art, Letters, Born Anew Thought Awakened Copernicus Galileo Kepler Impending Calamity Protestant Union and Catholic League Thirty Years' War Commenced Wallenstein Gustavus Adolphus His Triumph and Death Richelieu Death of Wallenstein Peace of Westphalia Division of Territory

CHAPTER XI.