The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, Vol. I.   By: Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

THE VARIATION

OF

ANIMALS AND PLANTS

UNDER DOMESTICATION.

BY CHARLES DARWIN, M.A., F.R.S., &c.

IN TWO VOLUMES. VOL. I.

WITH ILLUSTRATIONS.

LONDON:

JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.

1868.

The right of Translation is reserved.

BY THE SAME AUTHOR.

ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION; or The PRESERVATION of FAVOURED RACES in the STRUGGLE for LIFE. Fourth Edition ( Eighth Thousand ), with Additions and Corrections. 1866. ... MURRAY.

A NATURALIST'S VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD; or, A JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES into the NATURAL HISTORY and GEOLOGY of the COUNTRIES visited during the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the Command of Capt. FITZ ROY, R.N. Tenth Thousand . ... MURRAY.

ON THE STRUCTURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF CORAL REEFS. ... SMITH, ELDER, & Co.

GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON VOLCANIC ISLANDS. ... SMITH, ELDER, & Co.

GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON SOUTH AMERICA. ... SMITH, ELDER, & Co.

A MONOGRAPH OF THE CIRRIPEDIA. With numerous Illustrations. 2 vols. 8vo. ... HARDWICKE.

ON THE VARIOUS CONTRIVANCES BY WHICH BRITISH AND FOREIGN ORCHIDS ARE FERTILISED BY INSECTS; and on the GOOD EFFECTS of CROSSING. With numerous Woodcuts. ... MURRAY.

ON THE MOVEMENTS and HABITS of CLIMBING PLANTS. With Woodcuts. ... WILLIAMS & NORGATE.

LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET, AND CHARING CROSS.

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CONTENTS OF VOLUME I.

INTRODUCTION ... Page 1

CHAPTER I.

DOMESTIC DOGS AND CATS.

ANCIENT VARIETIES OF THE DOG RESEMBLANCE OF DOMESTIC DOGS IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES TO NATIVE CANINE SPECIES ANIMALS NOT ACQUAINTED WITH MAN AT FIRST FEARLESS DOGS RESEMBLING WOLVES AND JACKALS HABIT OF BARKING ACQUIRED AND LOST FERAL DOGS TAN COLOURED EYE SPOTS PERIOD OF GESTATION OFFENSIVE ODOUR FERTILITY OF THE RACES WHEN CROSSED DIFFERENCES IN THE SEVERAL RACES IN PART DUE TO DESCENT FROM DISTINCT SPECIES DIFFERENCES IN THE SKULL AND TEETH DIFFERENCES IN THE BODY, IN CONSTITUTION FEW IMPORTANT DIFFERENCES HAVE BEEN FIXED BY SELECTION DIRECT ACTION OF CLIMATE WATER DOGS WITH PALMATED FEET HISTORY OF THE CHANGES WHICH CERTAIN ENGLISH RACES OF THE DOG HAVE GRADUALLY UNDERGONE THROUGH SELECTION EXTINCTION OF THE LESS IMPROVED SUB BREEDS.

CATS, CROSSED WITH SEVERAL SPECIES DIFFERENT BREEDS FOUND ONLY IN SEPARATED COUNTRIES DIRECT EFFECTS OF THE CONDITIONS OF LIFE FERAL CATS INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY ... Page 15

CHAPTER II.

HORSES AND ASSES.

HORSE. DIFFERENCES IN THE BREEDS INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY OF DIRECT EFFECTS OF THE CONDITIONS OF LIFE CAN WITHSTAND MUCH COLD BREEDS MUCH MODIFIED BY SELECTION COLOURS OF THE HORSE DAPPLING DARK STRIPES ON THE SPINE, LEGS, SHOULDERS, AND FOREHEAD DUN COLOURED HORSES MOST FREQUENTLY STRIPED STRIPES PROBABLY DUE TO REVERSION TO THE PRIMITIVE STATE OF THE HORSE.

ASSES. BREEDS OF COLOUR OF LEG AND SHOULDER STRIPES SHOULDER STRIPES SOMETIMES ABSENT, SOMETIMES FORKED ... Page 49

CHAPTER III.

PIGS CATTLE SHEEP GOATS.

PIGS BELONG TO TWO DISTINCT TYPES, SUS SCROFA AND INDICA TORF SCHWEIN JAPAN PIG FERTILITY OF CROSSED PIGS CHANGES IN THE SKULL OF THE HIGHLY CULTIVATED RACES CONVERGENCE OF CHARACTER GESTATION SOLID HOOFED SWINE CURIOUS APPENDAGES TO THE JAWS DECREASE IN SIZE OF THE TUSKS YOUNG PIGS LONGITUDINALLY STRIPED FERAL PIGS CROSSED BREEDS.