Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants   By: Maxwell T. (Maxwell Tylden) Masters (1833-1907)

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This volume is issued to the Subscribers to the RAY SOCIETY for the Year 1868.

London: MDCCCLXIX.

VEGETABLE TERATOLOGY,

An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants

by

MAXWELL T. MASTERS, M.D., F.L.S.

With Numerous Illustrations by E. M. Williams.

London: Published for the Ray Society by Robert Hardwicke, 192. Piccadilly. MDCCCLXIX.

TO JOSEPH DALTON HOOKER, M.D., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., ETC. ETC. DIRECTOR OF THE ROYAL GARDENS, KEW,

This Volume IS GRATEFULLY INSCRIBED.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PAGE

INTRODUCTION xxi

BOOK I.

DEVIATIONS FROM ORDINARY ARRANGEMENT 1

PART I. UNION OF ORGANS 8

CHAPTER I.

COHESION 9

Cohesion between axes of same plant, 9 Fasciation, 11 Cohesion of foliar organs, 21 Of margins of single organs, 21 Tubular petals, 23 Cohesion of several organs by their margins, 25 Of the sepals, 27 Of the petals, 28 Of the stamens, 29 Of the pistils, 29 Ascidia or pitchers, 30.

CHAPTER II.

ADHESION 32

Adhesion of foliar organs, 32 Of leaves by their surfaces, 33 Of foliar to axile organs, 34 Of sepals to petals, 34 Of stamens to petals, 34 Of stamens to pistils, 35 Miscellaneous adhesions, 35 Of fruit to branch, 36 Synanthy, 36 Syncarpy, 45 Synspermy, 50 Between axes of different plants of same species, 50 And of different species, 55 Synophty.

PART II. INDEPENDENCE OF ORGANS 58

CHAPTER I.

FISSION 59

Fission of axile organs, 60 Of foliar organs, 61 Of petals, 66 Of stamens, 68 Of carpels, 68.

CHAPTER II.

DIALYSIS 69

Dialysis of margins of individual parts, 70 Of margins of parts of same whorl calyx, 70 Of corolla, 71 Of stamens, 73 Of carpels, 73.

CHAPTER III.

SOLUTION 76

Solution of calyx from ovary, 77 Of stamens from petals, 82.

PART III. ALTERATIONS OF POSITION 83

CHAPTER I.

DISPLACEMENT 84

Displacement of bulbs, 84 Of inflorescence, 85 Of leaves, 87 Of parts of flowers, 91 Of carpels, 96 Of placentas and ovules, 96.

CHAPTER II.

PROLIFICATION 100

Prolification of the inflorescence, 102 Median foliar, 103 Median floral, 105 Lateral foliar, 106 Lateral floral, 107 Prolification of the flower, 115 Median foliar, 116 Median floral, 119 Axillary prolification, 138 Foliar, 141 Floral, 142 Complicated prolification, 151 Of embryo, 155.

CHAPTER III.

HETEROTAXY 156

Formation of adventitious roots, 156 Of shoots below the cotyledons, 161 Adventitious leaves, 162 On scapes, 163 Production of leaves or scales in place of flower buds, 164 Viviparous plants, 168 Formation of buds on leaves, 170 In pith, 171 On bulbs, 172 Production of gemmæ in place of spores, 173 Of flowers on leaves, 174 Of flower buds in place of leaf buds, 176 Of flowers on spines, 177 Of flower buds on petals, 177 On fruits, 178 In ovaries, 180 Of stamens in ovaries, 182 Of pollen in ovules, 185 Homomorphic flowers of Compositæ, 188 Heterotaxy affecting the inflorescence, 188 Supra soriferous ferns, 190.

CHAPTER IV.

HETEROGAMY 190