A Check-List of the Birds of Idaho

BY

M. DALE ARVEY

UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS
MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

Volume 1, No. 10, pp. 193-216
November 29, 1947

University of Kansas
LAWRENCE
1947


UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, H. H. Lane, Edward H. Taylor

Volume 1, No. 10, pp. 193-216
Published November 29, 1947

UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
Lawrence, Kansas

PRINTED BY
FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER
TOPEKA, KANSAS
1947

21-6960




A Check-list of the Birds of Idaho

By

M. DALE ARVEY


There is comparatively little literature dealing with the avifauna of
Idaho, mostly because relatively few persons have done field work in
the state. In the ornithological literature, there is nothing even
comparable to a "state list," so that when birds supposedly unreported
previously from Idaho are found, it is difficult to know whether or not
they should be recorded as "new" to the state. The present paper has
been prepared in the hope that it will stimulate additions to, and
corrections of, the list. It is, admittedly, a beginning.

Material for the present article was obtained from personal collecting
in the five years and ten months in which I resided in the state
(October, 1938-September, 1944). Also, the published reports that could
be found have been drawn upon; these publications are listed in the
appended bibliography. Taxonomic problems, of which many are unsolved,
are not here considered, since this is merely a list indicating whether
or not the species or subspecies, as now understood, is known to be
present, whether it is common, and where it might be found.

The nomenclature is that of the Fourth Edition of the American
Ornithologists' Union Check-list and its supplements, except where a
revision has been made that is seemingly valid but which has not yet
been acted upon by the A. O. U. Committee. For each species or
subspecies the objective is to give at least one reference to
occurrence, as to date and place, as accurately as possible.

Reference is made to southern, central, and northern Idaho. These
references denote the Snake River Plains, characterized by sagebrush
desert; the wooded regions immediately to the north of this and in the
foothills, extending to Idaho County in the west; and the so-called
Panhandle, respectively. In all, 292 kinds of birds are recorded in the
following list.




LIST OF SPECIES


_Gavia immer elasson_ Bishop. Lesser Loon. Uncommon resident in the
lakes of northern Idaho, and generally distributed. Merrill (1897:350)
states that the species is common and resident at Fort Sherman.

_Gavia stellata_ (Pontopiddan). Red-throated Loon. Davis (1935b:234)
records specimens taken in migration in Minidoka County at the
Minidoka Irrigation Project, and Rust (1915:121) states that this
species is rare in Kootenai County.

_Colymbus grisegena holböllii_ (Reinhardt). Holboell Grebe. Merrill
(1897:349) records this species as common in migration at Fort Sherman.

_Colymbus auritus_ Linnaeus. Horned Grebe. Uncommon resident. Davis
(1935b:234) records the bird as a summer visitant at the Minidoka
Project.

_Colymbus nigricollis californicus_ (Heermann). Eared Grebe. Fairly
common resident along rivers and in lakes. Rust (1915:121) records one
specimen taken on Lake Coeur d'Alene in October, 1912.

_Aechmophorus occidentalis_ (Lawrence). Western Grebe. Uncommon
resident. Merrill (1897:349) records one specimen from Fort Sherman.

_Podilymbus podiceps podiceps_ (Linnaeus). Pied-billed Grebe. Common
resident. Merrill (1897:350) states that it is common at Fort Sherman
in the spring and autumn.

_Pelecanus erythrorhynchos_ Gmelin. White Pelican. Resident along the
Snake River; large nesting colonies are to be found in Bear Lake
County. See Davis (1935b:234) for nesting dates.

_Phalacrocorax auritus albociliatus_ Ridgway. Farallon Cormorant. Davis
(1935b:234) records this bird in the Minidoka Project as a regular
migrant and gives dates of occurrence. The resident population at the
Bear Lake Refuge has been reported as subspecies _auritus_ by Behle
(1944:68), but probably is _albociliatus_.

_Ardea herodias treganzai_ Court. Treganza Great Blue Heron. Common
resident in suitable localities. (Dale Arvey 1505, 7 mi. NE Moscow,
Latah County, Idaho, February 19, 1940.)

_Leucophoyx thula brewsteri_ (Thayer and Bangs). Brewster Egret. Davis
(1935b:234) records one specimen from the Minidoka Project, taken on
September 16, 1919, and Hayward (1934:39) reports the species as
breeding at Bear Lake Valley in Bear Lake County.

_Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli_ (Gmelin). Black-crowned Night Heron.
Common locally. Hayward (1934:39) reports the bird as resident in Bear
Lake Valley.

_Botaurus lentiginosus_ (Montagu). American Bittern. Fairly common
resident in suitable localities. Merrill (1897:351) records the
American Bittern as rather common at Fort Sherman.

_Plegadis mexicana_ (Gmelin). White-faced Glossy Ibis. Vagrant.
Recorded as common at the Minidoka Project by Kenagy (1914:122).

_Cygnus columbianus_ (Ord). Whistling Swan. Resident in the winter in
the larger lakes, and transient along the Snake River. (D. A. 1783, 1
mi. S Hagerman, Gooding County, February 1, 1940.)

_Cygnus buccinator_ Richardson. Trumpeter Swan. Merriam (1891:91)
states that Bendire found this swan breeding on Henry Lake in 1877, and
that two were collected in August of that year. Rust (1915:123) records
the species as a rare fall migrant on Lake Coeur d'Alene. There are no
recent records.

_Branta canadensis_ (Linnaeus). Canada Goose. Fairly common resident.
See Aldrich (1946b) for records of each subspecies.

     a. _moffitti_ Aldrich. Great Basin Canada Goose. This is the
     resident race.

     b. _occidentalis_ (Baird). White-cheeked Goose. Migrant.

     c. _leucopareia_ (Brandt). Lesser Canada Goose. Migrant.

_Branta hutchinsii hutchinsii_ (Richardson). Hutchins Cackling Goose.
Migrant. See Aldrich (1946b) for the status of this goose.

_Branta bernicla nigricans_ (Lawrence). Black Brant. Davis (1935b:234)
records this species as a regular migrant in Minidoka County, and
indicates that some remain all winter.

_Anser albifrons albifrons_ (Scopoli). White-fronted Goose. Uncommon
migrant. Jones (1943:120) records a specimen from "about 10 mi. north
Pocatello, Bingham County."

_Chen hyperborea hyperborea_ (Pallas). Lesser Snow Goose. Fairly common
transient along the Snake River. Two specimens are in the State Game
Department's mounted collection from the Snake River, probably from
near Payette, Payette County.

_Chen rossi_ (Cassin). Ross Goose. Transient along the Snake River. The
Game Department collection has two mounted skins from "along the Snake
River."

_Anas platyryhnchos platyryhnchos_ Linnaeus. Mallard. Very common
resident. (D. A. 1753, Boise River, 1 mi. S Middleton, Canyon County,
November 24, 1940.)

_Anas acuta tzitzihoa_ (Vieillot). American Pintail. Resident and
common during migration. (D. A. 1752, Snake River, 1 mi. S Hammett,
Elmore County, November 16, 1940.)

_Anas carolinensis_ Gmelin. Green-winged Teal. Common resident. (D. A.
1261, Thorn Creek, 7 mi. S Moscow, Latah County, October 30, 1938.)

_Anas discors_ Linnaeus. Blue-winged Teal. Rare resident. Merriam
(1891:90) records two shot on Saw Tooth Lake (=Alturas Lake, Blaine
County), about October 1.

_Anas cyanoptera_ Vieillot. Cinnamon Teal. Uncommon resident. I
observed a female with four young in Bellevue, Blaine County, in July,
1942, and Merrill (1897:350) records a female with young on June 11 at
Fort Sherman.

_Anas strepera_ Linnaeus. Gadwall. Resident locally; fairly common in
migration. (D. A. 1310, Havenor's, 7 mi. NW Pocatello, Power County,
January 2, 1939.)

_Mareca americana_ (Gmelin). Baldpate. Common during migration, and
resident along the Snake River. (D. A. 1747, 1 mi. W Bowman Ranch on
Boise River, Canyon County, October 26, 1940.)

_Spatula clypeata_ (Linnaeus). Shoveller. Common in migration, and
breeds locally. (D. A. 1492, Wallace, Shoshone County, October 22,
1939.)

_Aix sponsa_ (Linnaeus). Wood Duck. Fairly common in migration, and
resident locally. Merrill (1897:350) records it as a summer resident at
Fort Sherman.

_Aythya americana_ (Eyton). Redhead. Fairly common migrant. Recorded by
Merrill (1897:350) at Fort Sherman.

_Aythya collaris_ (Donovan). Ring-necked Duck. Uncommon transient.
Merrill (1897:350) records it at Fort Sherman.

_Aythya valisineria_ (Wilson). Canvas-back. Fairly common in migration,
and recorded by Low and Nelson (1945:131) as breeding in Bonneville and
Caribou counties.

_Aythya marila_ (Linnaeus). Greater Scaup Duck. Fairly common migrant.
Davis (1935b:236) records one bird from the Minidoka Project taken on
March 28, 1920.

_Aythya affinis_ (Eyton). Lesser Scaup Duck. Common during migration.
Davis (1935b:235) lists this bird as a regular winter visitant in
Minidoka County from October 30 to May 31.

_Glaucionetta clangula americana_ (Bonaparte). American Golden-eye.
Common resident. (D. A. 1476, Bellevue, Blaine County, June 28, 1939.)

_Glaucionetta islandica_ (Gmelin). Barrow Golden-eye. Uncommon
transient. Davis (1935b:234) records one specimen taken at the Minidoka
Project.

_Glaucionetta albeola_ (Linnaeus). Buffle-head. Common migrant. (D. A.
1852, Snake River, 1 mi. S Hammett, Elmore County, November 15, 1941.)

_Histrionicus histrionicus pacificus_ Brooks. Western Harlequin Duck.
Uncommon. Rust (1915:122) records one specimen taken on the marshes of
the St. Joseph River in Kootenai County, and Merrill (1897:350) states
that it is occasionally taken on the St. Joseph and Coeur d'Alene
rivers.

_Melanitta fusca_ subsp.?. White-winged Scoter. Rust (1915:122) records
this bird as common on Lake Coeur d'Alene in the winter of 1913.

_Melanitta perspicillata_ (Linnaeus). Surf Scoter. Rust (1915:122)
states that this is a rare fall migrant in Kootenai County.

_Oxyura jamaicensis rubida_ (Wilson). Ruddy Duck. Common migrant on the
Snake River. Merrill (1897:350) records this duck as "not uncommon in
the spring and autumn" at Fort Sherman.

_Lophodytes cucullatus_ (Linnaeus). Hooded Merganser. Common resident
in suitable localities. (D. A. 1389, Lewiston, Nezperce County, April
2, 1939.)

_Mergus merganser americanus_ Cassin. American Merganser. Common
resident. Merrill (1897:350) states that the bird is common in fall and
winter at Fort Sherman.

_Mergus serrator_ Linnaeus. Red-breasted Merganser. Uncommon. Merrill
(1897:350) records one specimen taken "near Fort Sherman."

_Cathartes aura teter_ Friedmann. Western Turkey Vulture. Common
resident in southern Idaho, and transient elsewhere. Merrill (1897:352)
records it as a summer resident at Fort Sherman.

_Accipiter gentilis striatulus_ (Ridgway). Western Goshawk. Fairly
common migrant, and possibly resident. Hand (1933b:36) reports it as
resident in northern Idaho. (D. A. 1317, 1318, Nezperce, Lewis County,
January 9 and 12, 1939.)

_Accipiter striatus velox_ (Wilson). Sharp-shinned Hawk. Common
resident. (D. A. 1296, 4-1/2 mi. NE Genessee, Latah County, November
27, 1938.)

_Accipiter cooperii_ (Bonaparte). Cooper Hawk. Common resident in the
forests. (D. A. 1450, Sandpoint, Bonner County, May 24, 1939.)

_Buteo jamaicensis calurus_ Cassin. Western Red-tailed Hawk. Common
resident. (D. A. 1352, Moscow, Latah County, March 18, 1939.)

_Buteo platypterus platypterus_ (Vieillot). Broad-winged Hawk. Davis
(1936:86) records one specimen of this hawk taken on May 23, 1935, at
Castle Creek, 8 mi. S Oreana, Owyhee County.

_Buteo swainsoni_ Bonaparte. Swainson Hawk. Common resident. (D. A.
1451, Moscow, Latah County, May 21, 1939.)

_Buteo lagopus s. johannis_ (Gmelin). American Rough-legged Hawk.
Common migrant and possibly resident. (D. A. 1301, 11 mi. SE Genessee,
Nezperce County, November 27, 1938.)

_Buteo regalis_ (Gray). Ferruginous Rough-leg. Uncommon migrant. (D. A.
1326, 4 mi. N Minidoka Power Plant, Minidoka County, January 27, 1939.)

_Aquila chrysaëtos canadensis_ (Linnaeus). Golden Eagle. Uncommon
resident. Merrill (1897:353) stated that the species occurred
"sparingly" at Fort Sherman.

_Haliaeetus leucocephalus washingtoniensis_ (Audubon). Northern Bald
Eagle. Uncommon resident in northern Idaho, Merrill (1897:353) stated
that a few pairs bred about Lake Coeur d'Alene.

_Circus cyaneus hudsonius_ (Linnaeus). Marsh Hawk. Very common
resident. (D. A. 1371, Havenor's, 7 mi. NW Pocatello, Power County,
April 1, 1939.)

_Pandion haliaetus carolinensis_ (Gmelin). Osprey. Uncommon resident.
Merrill (1897:353) reported the bird as frequent in the summer at Fort
Sherman.

_Falco mexicanus_ Schlegel. Prairie Falcon. Fairly common resident. (D.
A. 1319, American Falls, Bingham County, January 16, 1939.)

_Falco peregrinus anatum_ Bonaparte. Duck Hawk. Uncommon resident. Bond
(1946:104) lists this bird as a rare breeder in Idaho.

_Falco columbarius bendirei_ Swann. Western Pigeon Hawk. Rust
(1915:124) records one specimen from Coeur d'Alene as subspecies
_columbarius_; although the skin has not been checked by me, it would
seem to be more likely of subspecies _bendirei_, corresponding to
others taken in northern Idaho.

_Falco sparverius sparverius_ Linnaeus. Eastern Sparrow Hawk. Common
resident. (D. A. 1267, Little Bear Ridge, 5 mi. SW Troy, Latah County,
November 2, 1939.)

_Dendragapus obscurus_ (Say). Blue Grouse. Common resident.

     a. _obscurus_ (Say). Dusky Grouse. Specimens from
     southeastern Idaho are referable to this race.

     b. _richardsonii_ (Douglas). Richardson Grouse. This is the
     resident race of southwestern Idaho north to Idaho County,
     where intergradation occurs with the next form. (D. A. 1431,
     1432, 10 mi. SW Riggins, Idaho County, May 14, 1939.)

     c. _pallidus_ Swarth. Oregon Dusky Grouse. Birds in the
     northern portion of the state are of this race.

_Canachites franklinii_ (Douglas). Franklin Grouse. Uncommon resident.
I have observed the birds in the Selway National Forest, in Idaho
County, and specimens have been taken in Bonner County. (D. A. 1336,
1337, 6 mi. S Coolin, Bonner County, February 19, 1939.)

_Bonasa umbellus_ (Linnaeus). Ruffed Grouse. Common resident. See
Aldrich and Friedman (1943) for ranges of the following races.

     a. _phaia_ Aldrich and Friedmann. Idaho Ruffed Grouse. This
     is the race resident in southwestern Idaho, and it
     intergrades with the two following forms.

     b. _umbelloides_ (Douglas). Gray Ruffed Grouse. Resident in
     northern Idaho.

     c. _incanus_ Aldrich and Friedmann. Hoary Ruffed Grouse.
     Resident in southeastern Idaho.

_Lagopus leucurus altipetens_ Osgood. Southern White-tailed Ptarmigan.
Several specimens of this bird are mounted in a collection in Idaho
City, having been collected "in the vicinity."

_Pedioecetes phasianellus columbianus_ (Ord). Columbian Sharp-tailed
Grouse. One specimen was sent me from Bonner County, where the species
was said to be fairly abundant. (D. A. 1513, 15 mi. N Priest River,
Bonner County, April 1, 1940.)

_Centrocercus urophasianus_ (Bonaparte). Sage Grouse. Common locally.
Previously numerous, and now recovering from a severe decline in
numbers. Merriam (1891:93) speaks of using these birds for fresh meat
during much of his trip.

_Perdix perdix perdix_ (Linnaeus). European Partridge. Common since its
introduction.

_Colinus virginianus texanus_ (Lawrence). Texas Bob-white. Common
resident in southern Idaho. Merriam (1891:92) states that the birds
were first introduced at Boise, Ada County.

_Lophortyx californica brunnescens_ Ridgway. California Quail.
Introduced into southern Idaho; not numerous but establishing itself in
the foothills.

_Oreortyx picta picta_ (Douglas). Plumed Quail. Common resident. Wyman
(1912c:538) states that this species was not present in Idaho prior to
about 1900, having at that time extended its range from Oregon.

_Phasianus colchicus_ Linnaeus. Ring-necked Pheasant. Common resident
since its introduction; there is considerable admixture of races in the
stock.

_Grus canadensis tabida_ (Peters). Sandhill Crane. Uncommon resident.
Merriam (1891:91) reports the bird breeding near Fort Lapwai, Nezperce
County, in June 1871, and Davis (1935b:234) states that it is a regular
migrant at the Minidoka Project.

_Rallus limicola limicola_ Vieillot. Virginia Rail. Davis (1923) states
that this rail is uncommon at the Minidoka Project, but that it was
abundant in earlier years.

_Porzana carolina_ (Linnaeus). Sora. Uncommon resident. Merriam
(1891:91) recorded this species from Big Lost River, "about 8 mi. above
Arco," Butte County, on July 26.

_Fulica americana_ Gmelin. American Coot. Common resident. (D. A. 1745,
Notus, Canyon County, October 20, 1940.)

_Charadrius vociferus vociferus_ Linnaeus. Killdeer. Common resident in
the Transition Life-zone. Rust (1915:123) records the earliest arrival
date for the bird in Kootenai County as March 9, 1913, and says that it
leaves by September 1.

_Pluvialis dominica fulva_ (Gmelin). Pacific Golden Plover. Sloanaker
(1925:73) records one specimen of this bird, shot from a flock of four
near Coeur d'Alene on Lake Chactolet on October 1, 1923.

_Squatarola squatarola_ (Linnaeus). Black-bellied Plover. Rust
(1915:123) records one specimen of this bird taken on the St. Joseph
marshes, Kootenai County.

_Capella gallinago delicata_ (Ord). Wilson Snipe. Fairly common
resident. (D. A. 1739, Boise River, 3 mi. W Boise, Ada County, October
17, 1940.)

_Numenius americanus_ Bechstein. Long-billed Curlew. Uncommon resident.
See Oberholser (1918) for ranges of the following subspecies.

     a. _americanus_ Bechstein. Long-billed Curlew. Resident in
     southern Idaho.

     b. _parvus_ Bishop. Northern Curlew. The resident population
     in northern Idaho is referable to this subspecies.

_Actitis macularia_ (Linnaeus). Spotted Sandpiper. Common resident in
the Canadian Life-zone. (D. A. 1807, junction of Simmon's Cr. and Boise
River, Boise County, July 5, 1941.)

_Tringa solitaria cinnamomea_ (Brewster). Western Solitary Sandpiper.
Davis (1935b:236) took one specimen on April 9, 1920 at the Minidoka
Project, and records the bird as erratic in occurrence.

_Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus_ (Brewster). Western Willet.
Davis (1935b:235) records this bird as a summer visitant at the
Minidoka Project, and gives dates of its occurrence there.

_Totanus melanoleucus_ (Gmelin). Greater Yellow-legs. Davis (1935b:234)
records this bird at the Minidoka Project in migration.

_Totanus flavipes_ (Gmelin). Lesser Yellow-legs. Fairly common in
migration. (D. A. 1742, Notus, Canyon County, October 20, 1940.)

_Erolia melanotos_ (Vieillot). Pectoral Sandpiper. Merrill (1897:351)
records this bird as common in 1896 from August to October at Fort
Sherman, and a number of specimens were taken.

_Erolia minutilla_ (Vieillot). Least Sandpiper. Fairly common migrant.
Davis (1935b:234) gives dates of migration of this bird at the Minidoka
Project.

_Limnodromus griseus scolopaceus_ (Say). Long-billed Dowitcher. Merrill
(1897:351) collected five specimens on September 12 on the St. Joseph
marshes.

_Micropalama himantopus_ (Bonaparte). Stilt Sandpiper. Davis
(1935b:234) collected one bird at the Minidoka Project on May 13, 1919,
and stated that the species was erratic in occurrence.

_Ereunetes mauri_ Cabanis. Western Sandpiper. Rust (1917:32) recorded
this bird on August 27 near Spencer, Fremont County, and also at Henry
Lake.

_Limosa fedoa_ (Linnaeus). Marbled Godwit. Davis (1935b:236) records
one specimen taken on August 1, 1920, at the Minidoka Project.

_Limosa haemastica_ (Linnaeus). Hudsonian Godwit. Davis (1935b:236)
records one bird taken at the Minidoka Project on July 7, 1919.

_Crocethia alba_ (Pallas). Sanderling. Davis (1935b:236) records this
bird from the Minidoka Project in migration, and he took one specimen
on May 19, 1921.

_Recurvirostra americana_ Gmelin. Avocet. Uncommon resident in southern
Idaho. (D. A. 1631, Snake River at Hagerman, Gooding County, June 16,
1940.)

_Himantopus mexicanus_ (Müller). Black-necked Stilt. Davis (1935b:235)
records this bird from Minidoka as a summer visitant, and gives dates
of its occurrence.

_Phalaropus fulicarius_ (Linnaeus). Red Phalarope. Hand (1935:180)
reports one bird of this species in October on the St. Joseph River at
St. Maries, Benewah County.

_Steganopus tricolor_ Vieillot. Wilson Phalarope. Uncommon. Davis
(1935b:236) took one specimen at the Minidoka Project on May 13, 1919.

_Lobipes lobatus_ (Linnaeus). Northern Phalarope. Uncommon resident.
Davis (1935b:236) reports the species as erratic at the Minidoka
Project, where he took one specimen on May 13, 1919.

_Stercorarius pomarinus_ (Temminck). Pomarine Jaeger. Davis (1935b:236)
took one bird "on the Snake River," on September 4, 1919.

_Larus argentatus thayeri_ Brooks. Thayer Gull. Merrill (1897:350)
records several birds of this species taken in the fall and winter on
Lake Coeur d'Alene.

_Larus californicus_ Lawrence. California Gull. Common in the winter,
and possibly breeds along the Snake River. Davis (1935b:235) records
this bird as a common summer visitant at the Minidoka Project.

_Larus delawarensis_ Ord. Ring-billed Gull. Uncommon straggler. Merrill
(1897:350) records it in the winter at Fort Sherman.

_Larus pipixcan_ Wagler. Franklin Gull. Late winter and spring
straggler. See Slipp (1942).

_Larus philadelphia_ (Ord). Bonaparte Gull. This gull is recorded by
Merrill (1897:350) as taken at Fort Sherman in November.

_Sterna forsteri_ Nuttall. Forster Tern. Davis (1935b:235) lists this
bird as a summer visitant in Minidoka County, and gives dates of its
occurrence there.

_Sterna hirundo hirundo_ Linnaeus. Common Tern. Rust (1915:121) states
that this tern is rare in Kootenai County.

_Hydroprogne caspia_ (Pallas). Caspian Tern. Common during migration.
Davis (1935b:234) records the species as common in migration at the
Minidoka Project, and gives dates of its occurrence.

_Chlidonias nigra surinamensis_ (Gmelin). Black Tern. Fairly common on
lakes; evidently resident. Rust (1915:121) records this bird as common
in June, 1914, on the St. Joseph Marshes.

_Columba fasciata fasciata_ Say. Band-tailed Pigeon. Rare at present.
Merrill (1897:349) states that Cooper listed this bird in what is now
Idaho.

_Zenaidura macroura marginella_ (Woodhouse). Western Mourning Dove.
Common summer resident, frequently remaining in winter. Rust (1915:123)
lists the bird as a fairly common summer resident in Kootenai County.

_Ectopistes migratorius_ (Linnaeus). Passenger Pigeon. Extinct. Merrill
(1897:349) states that Cooper listed this species from Montana and from
what is now Idaho.

_Coccyzus americanus occidentalis_ Ridgway. California Cuckoo. This
bird was reported by Davis (1935b:236), as taken May 16, 1918 at the
Minidoka Project, and he says that nests have been taken near Rupert by
Kenagy.

_Coccyzus erythropthalmus_ (Wilson). Black-billed Cuckoo. One breeding
bird of this species was reported by Arvey (1941:291), taken at Slide
Gulch on the Boise River, Boise County, on July 10, 1941. Since this
time I have observed the bird twice in Boise, Ada County, in the
summer.

_Tyto alba pratincola_ (Bonaparte). Barn Owl. Uncommon resident. One
specimen in the University of Idaho collection of mounted birds was
taken near Moscow, Latah County.

_Otus asio_ (Linnaeus). Screech Owl. Common resident.

     a. _macfarlanei_ (Brewster). MacFarlane Screech Owl.
     Resident in southern Idaho. (D. A. 1861, Boise, Ada County,
     April 11, 1942.)

     b. _brewsteri_ Ridgway. Brewster Screech Owl. Resident in
     northern Idaho. (D. A. 1312, Lapwai, Nezperce County,
     December 25, 1938.)

_Otus flammeolus flammeolus_ (Kaup). Flammulated Screech Owl. Rare
resident. Specimens have been taken in two localities. Merriam
(1891:96) took one specimen on the west side of Big Wood River, "only a
few miles north of Ketchum, September 22," 1890. The record from Blaine
County and the one of Rust (1915:125), near Fernan Lake, September 28,
1914, are the only two positive records of this species to my
knowledge.

_Bubo virginianus_ (Gmelin). Great Horned Owl. Common resident. See A.
O. U. Check-list (1931).

     a. _wapacuthu_ (Gmelin). Arctic Horned Owl. Migrant.

     b. _occidentalis_ Stone. Montana Horned Owl. Resident in
     central and southeastern Idaho.

     c. _lagophonus_ (Oberholser). Northwestern Horned Owl.
     Resident in western and northern Idaho. (D. A. 1486, 10 mi.
     SW Riggins, Idaho County, September 15, 1939.)

_Nyctea scandiaca_ (Linnaeus). Snowy Owl. Casual migrant. Merrill
(1897:352) stated that there was an invasion of owls of this species in
the winter of 1896-'97, and many were observed during that time at Fort
Sherman.

_Surnia ulula caparoch_ (Müller). American Hawk Owl. Uncommon. Hand
(1933a:32) reports one specimen of this owl taken at Stanley Butte, 10
mi. S Lochsa River, Idaho County, on November 3, 1925, and mentions one
other observed in the summer. He suggests that the bird breeds in
northern Idaho.

_Glaucidium gnoma californicum_ Sclater. California Pygmy Owl. Fairly
common resident in the Canadian Life-zone. Specimens seem referable to
subspecies _pinicola_, recently synonymized by the A. O. U. Committee.
(D. A. 1311, Priest River, Bonner County, January 3, 1939.)

_Speotyto cunicularia hypugaea_ (Bonaparte). Western Burrowing Owl.
Fairly common local resident. (D. A. 1388, 10 mi. W Boise, Ada County,
April 2, 1939.)

_Strix nebulosa nebulosa_ Forster. Great Gray Owl. Vagrant. A specimen,
D. A. 1303, taken on December 8, 1938, was sent me from 9 mi. NE
Grangeville, Idaho County, December 8, 1938.

_Asio otus wilsonianus_ (Lesson). Long-eared Owl. Fairly common
resident. (D. A. 1532, 5 mi. SW Moscow, Latah County, April 29, 1940.)

_Asio flammeus flammeus_ (Pontoppidan). Short-eared Owl. Very common
resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1346, 2 mi. S Moscow,
Latah County, March 7, 1939.)

_Aegolius funereus_ richardsoni (Bonaparte). Richardson Owl. Rust
(1915:125) records this bird as a rare winter visitor in Kootenai
County, and Merrill (1897:353) lists two specimens taken "early in the
spring of 1894 ... about seven miles from the fort."

_Aegolius acadicus acadicus_ (Gmelin). Saw-whet Owl. Rare. Davis
(1935b:235) says that this is a regular winter visitor at the Minidoka
Project, and Merrill (1897:353) lists one specimen taken at Fort
Sherman, on January 19.

_Phalaenoptilus nuttallii nuttallii_ (Audubon). Nuttall Poorwill.
Uncommon resident. Merriam (1891:98) records this species from "the
lava beds west of Blackfoot" on July 17, 1872.

_Chordeiles minor hesperis_ Grinnell. Pacific Nighthawk. Common
resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1468, 2 mi. S Hailey, on
Wood River, Blaine County, June 25, 1939.)

_Chaetura vauxi vauxi_ (Townsend). Vaux Swift. Merrill (1897:354)
reports this bird as resident at Fort Sherman, as does Burleigh
(1923:658) at Clark's Fork, Bonner County.

_Aëronautes saxatalis saxatalis_ (Woodhouse). White-throated Swift.
Fairly common resident in suitable localities. The Museum of Vertebrate
Zoölogy has one specimen of this bird taken on Salmon Creek, 8 mi. W
Rogerson, Twin Falls County.

_Archilochus alexandri_ (Boucier and Mulsant). Black-chinned
Hummingbird. Rust (1915:125) records this species as resident in
Kootenai County.

_Selasphorus platycercus platycercus_ (Swainson). Broad-tailed
Hummingbird. Common resident in southern Idaho. Davis (1935b:236)
states that the bird is of erratic occurrence at the Minidoka Project.

_Selasphorus rufus_ (Gmelin). Rufous Hummingbird. Fairly common
resident. Merrill (1897:355) states that this species is common in
spring at Fort Sherman.

_Stellula calliope_ (Gould). Calliope Hummingbird. Common resident. (D.
A. 1541, 10 mi. NE Moscow, Latah County, May 10, 1940.)

_Megaceryle alcyon caurina_ (Grinnell). Western Belted Kingfisher.
Common resident in suitable localities. (D. A. 1518, 7 mi. NE Moscow,
Latah County, April 19, 1940.)

_Colaptes cafer_ (Gmelin). Red-shafted Flicker. Common resident.

     a. _collaris_ Vigors. Red-shafted Flicker. Resident in
     southwestern and northern Idaho. Many specimens show yellow
     remiges and rectrices, and are perhaps hybrids with the
     species _auratus_. (D. A. 1731, Owl Creek, in Blaine County,
     September 8, 1940.)

     b. _canescens_ Brodkorb. Red-shafted Flicker. Resident in
     southeastern Idaho. See Brodkorb (1935a:1).

_Hylatomus pileatus picinus_ (Bangs). Western Pileated Woodpecker.
Fairly common resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1498, 10 mi.
NE Moscow, Latah County, November 18, 1939.)

_Asyndesmus lewis_ Gray. Lewis Woodpecker. Common resident. Merrill
(1897:354) records this bird as common "around Fort Sherman."

_Sphyrapicus varius nuchalis_ Baird. Red-naped Sapsucker. Fairly common
resident. (D. A. 1485, 10 mi. SW Riggins, Idaho County, September 15,
1939.)

_Sphyrapicus thyroideus thyroideus_ (Cassin). Williamson Sapsucker.
Uncommon resident. The Museum of Vertebrate Zoölogy has one specimen
taken on the W rim Copenhagen Basin, 8400 ft., Wasatch Mountains, Bear
Lake County.

_Dendrocopos villosus monticola_ Anthony. Rocky Mountain Hairy
Woodpecker. Common resident. (D. A. 1662, 4 mi. NW Pollock, Idaho
County, July 1, 1940.)

_Dendrocopos pubescens leucurus_ (Hartlaub). Batchelder Woodpecker.
Common resident. (D. A. 1495, Potlatch, Latah County, November 3,
1939.)

_Dendrocopos albolarvatus albolarvatus_ (Cassin). Northern White-headed
Woodpecker. Uncommon resident. (D. A. 1434, 10 mi. SW Riggins, Idaho
County, May 14, 1939.)

_Picoïdes arcticus_ (Swainson). Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker. Uncommon
resident in northern Idaho. Merrill (1897:354) reports these birds as
resident at Fort Sherman.

_Picoïdes tridactylus_ (Linnaeus). Uncommon resident.

     a. _dorsalis_ Baird. Alpine Three-toed Woodpecker. Resident
     in southern Idaho; the Museum of Vertebrate Zoölogy has
     specimens taken at W rim Copenhagen Basin, 8400 ft., Wasatch
     Mountains, Bear Lake County.

     b. _fasciatus_ Baird. Alaska Three-toed Woodpecker. Resident
     in northern Idaho. There are specimens in the Museum of
     Vertebrate Zoölogy taken at Coolin, Priest Lake, Kootenai
     County.

_Tyrannus tyrannus_ (Linnaeus). Eastern Kingbird. Common resident in
northern Idaho; casual in southern portion. (Univ. Idaho, No. 39,
Moscow, Latah County, May 19, 1937.)

_Tyrannus verticalis_ Say. Arkansas Kingbird. Common resident in
southern Idaho. (D. A. 1794, Arrowrock Reservoir, Boise County, June
15, 1941.)

_Myiarchus cinerascens cinerascens_ (Lawrence). Ash-throated
Flycatcher. Uncommon resident in southern Idaho. (D. A. 1837, Head
Taylor Creek, Boise National Forest, Boise County, August 7, 1941.)

_Sayornis saya saya_ (Bonaparte). Say Phoebe. Fairly common resident in
southern Idaho. (D. A. 1720, 4 mi. NW Pollock, Idaho County.)

_Empidonax traillii brewsteri_ Oberholser. Little Flycatcher. Fairly
common resident in the Transition Life-zone. (Univ. Idaho No. 121,
Moscow Mountain, Latah County, June 15, 1938.)

_Empidonax hammondii_ (Xantus). Hammond Flycatcher. Uncommon resident
in the Transition Life-zone. (Univ. Idaho No. 62, Avery, Latah County,
July 10, 1937.)

_Empidonax wrightii_ Baird. Wright Flycatcher. Common resident in the
Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1560, Robinson's Lake, 10 mi. E Moscow,
Latah County, May 16, 1940.)

_Empidonax griseus_ Brewster. Gray Flycatcher. Davis (1934) records one
specimen of this species taken June 3, 1934, at Riddle, Owyhee County.

_Contopus richardsonii richardsonii_ (Swainson). Western Wood Pewee.
Common resident. (D. A. 1617, 9 mi. ESE Moscow, Latah County, June 5,
1940.)

_Nuttallornis borealis_ (Swainson). Olive-sided Flycatcher. Uncommon
resident. (D. A. 1786, Idaho City, Boise County, May 23, 1941.)

_Eremophila alpestris_ (Linnaeus). Horned Lark. Common resident. See
Behle (1942) for ranges of the following races.

     a. _lamprochroma_ Oberholser. Oregon Horned Lark.
     Southwestern Idaho, and intergrading with the next two
     races.

     b. _utahensis_ Behle. Great Salt Lake Horned Lark. Resident
     in central and southeastern Idaho.

     c. _merrilli_ Dwight. Dusky Horned Lark. Northern Idaho.

_Tachycineta thalassina lepida_ Mearns. Violet-green Swallow. Common
resident. (D. A. 1654, 4 mi. NW Pollock, Idaho County, June 27, 1940.)

_Iridoprocne bicolor_ (Vieillot). Tree Swallow. Fairly common resident.
Burleigh (1923:655) records the birds at Clark's Fork, Bonner County.

_Riparia riparia riparia_ (Linnaeus). Bank Swallow. Fairly common
resident in suitable localities. (D. A. 1453, 4-1/2 mi. SW Moscow,
Latah County, May 26, 1939.)

_Stelgidopteryx ruficollis serripennis_ (Audubon). Rough-winged
Swallow. Low (1945:132) records a colony of these birds and Bank
Swallows nesting together at Gray's Lake, in Caribou County.

_Hirundo rustica erythrogaster_ Boddaert. Barn Swallow. Common
resident. (D. A. 1420, Troy, Latah County, May 6, 1939.)

_Petrochelidon pyrronota albifrons_ (Rafinesque). Northern Cliff
Swallow. Common resident. (D. A. 1415, Troy, Latah County, May 6,
1939.)

_Perisoreus canadensis bicolor_ A. H. Miller. Idaho Jay. Common
resident in central and northern Idaho. (D. A. 1344, Blue Creek, 8 mi.
NE Priest Lake, Bonner County, March 5, 1939.)

_Cyanocitta stelleri annectens_ (Baird). Black-headed Jay. Common
resident. (D. A. 1257, Moscow Mountain, Latah County, October 25,
1938.)

_Aphelocoma coerulescens woodhousei_ (Baird). Woodhouse Jay. Uncommon
resident in southern Idaho. The A. O. U. Check-list records this
species from southern Idaho; it is resident in the piñon-juniper
association.

_Pica pica hudsonia_ (Sabine). American Magpie. Common resident. (D. A.
1782, Star, Canyon County, May 1, 1940.)

_Corvus corax sinuatus_ Wagler. American Raven. Common resident in
southern Idaho. Davis (1935b:235) lists the bird as a regular winter
visitant at the Minidoka Project.

_Corvus brachyrynchos hesperis_ Ridgway. Western Crow. Common resident.
Davis (1935b:235) lists the bird as a winter visitant at the Minidoka
Project.

_Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus_ Wied. Piñon Jay. Resident locally in
piñon-juniper association. Davis (1935b:235) states that this is a
regular winter visitant in Minidoka County.

_Nucifraga columbiana_ (Wilson). Clark Nutcracker. Common resident of
forested areas of central and northern Idaho. See Burleigh (1923:655).

_Parus atricapillus_ Linnaeus. Black-capped Chickadee. Very common
resident. See Duvall (1945) for ranges of the following races.

     a. _septentrionalis_ Harris. Long-tailed Chickadee. Resident
     in eastern Idaho; intergrades with the next two races.

     b. _nevadensis_ (Linsdale). Pallid Black-capped Chickadee.
     Resident in southwestern and south-central Idaho.

     c. _fortuitus_ (Davison and Bowles). Columbian Black-capped
     Chickadee. Resident in northern and central Idaho.

_Parus gambeli_ Ridgway. Mountain Chickadee. Common resident in the
Transition Life-zone.

     a. _grinnelli_ (van Rossem). Grinnell Chickadee. Resident in
     central and northern Idaho. (D. A. 1508, 10 mi. ESE Moscow,
     Latah County, March 18, 1940.)

     b. _inyoensis_ (Grinnell). Inyo Chickadee. Resident in
     southeastern Idaho. (D. A. 1361, Havenor's, 7 mi. NW
     Pocatello, Power County, April 1, 1939.)

_Parus rufescens rufescens_ Townsend. Chestnut-backed Chickadee.
Resident in central and northern Idaho. Rust (1915:129) records the
bird from Fernan Lake, Kootenai County.

_Parus inornatus griseus_ (Ridgway). Gray Titmouse. Fairly common
resident in southeastern Idaho in the piñon-juniper association. (D. A.
1366, Pocatello Creek, 3 mi. E Pocatello, Bannock County, April 2,
1939.)

_Psaltriparus minimus plumbeus_ (Baird). Lead-colored Bush-tit.
Uncommon resident in the piñon-juniper association of southern Idaho.
The Museum of Vertebrate Zoölogy has specimens collected by me at S
Fork Owyhee River, 12 mi. N Nevada line, Owyhee County.

_Sitta carolinensis tenuissima_ Grinnell. Inyo Nuthatch. Fairly common
resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1286, 3 mi. NE Princeton,
Latah County, November 20, 1938.)

_Sitta canadensis_ Linnaeus. Red-breasted Nuthatch. Common resident in
the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1905, 11 mi. SSW Idaho City, Boise
County, October 20, 1946.)

_Sitta pygmaea melanotis_ van Rossem. Black-eared Nuthatch. Fairly
common resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1552, 10 mi. NE
Moscow, Latah County, May 11, 1940.)

_Certhia familiaris caurina_ Aldrich. Northwestern Creeper. Common
resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1304, Paradise Ridge, 3
mi. S Moscow, Latah County, December 10, 1938.)

_Cinclus mexicanus unicolor_ Bonaparte. Dipper. Common resident. Rust
(1915:128) reports that this bird is regularly seen along mountain
streams in Kootenai County.

_Troglodytes aëdon parkmanii_ Audubon. Western House Wren. Common
resident. (Univ. Idaho No. 50, Moscow, Latah County, May 25, 1937.)

_Troglodytes troglodytes pacificus_ Baird. Western Winter Wren.
Uncommon resident in the Canadian Life-zone of central and northern
Idaho. (D. A. 1269, Lochsa River, at Van Camp, Idaho County, November
5, 1939.)

_Telmatodytes palustris pulverius_ Aldrich. Northwestern Long-billed
Marsh Wren. Common resident in suitable localities. (D. A. 1769, 2 mi.
SW Notus, Canyon County, February 20, 1941.)

_Catherpes mexicanus griseus_ Aldrich. Northern Canyon Wren. Uncommon
resident in southern Idaho, extending north at least to Idaho County.
(D. A. 1702, 4 mi. NW Pollock, Idaho County, July 15, 1940.)

_Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus_ (Say). Common Rock Wren. Resident in
southern Idaho. (D. A. 1799, Boise, Ada County, June 24, 1941.)

_Dumetella carolinensis ruficrissa_ Aldrich. Western Catbird. Common
resident in northern Idaho, and possibly in the southern portion of the
state. (D. A. 1467, 2 mi. NE Moscow, Latah County, June 2, 1939.)

_Oreoscoptes montanus_ (Townsend). Sage Thrasher. Resident in the
sagebrush area from Idaho County south. (D. A. 1645, 4 mi. NW Pollock,
Idaho County, June 25, 1940.)

_Turdus migratorius_ Linnaeus. Robin. Common resident in the Transition
Life-zone.

     a. _caurinus_ (Grinnell). Northwestern Robin. Common
     migrant. (Univ. Idaho No. 216, Moscow, Latah County, August
     25, 1937.)

     b. _propinquus_ Ridgway. Western Robin. Resident. (D. A.
     1893, Boise, Ada County, May 1, 1944.)

_Ixoreus naevius meruloides_ (Swainson). Northern Varied Thrush.
Uncommon resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1231, Moscow,
Latah County, October 7, 1938.)

_Hylocichla guttata_ (Pallas). Hermit Thrush. Fairly common resident.

     a. _guttata_ (Pallas). Alaska Hermit Thrush. The A. O. U.
     Check-list (1931) states that these birds migrate through
     Idaho.

     b. _auduboni_ (Baird). Audubon Hermit Thrush. Resident. (D.
     A. 1230, Moscow, Latah County, October 1, 1938.)

_Hylocichla ustulata almae_ Oberholser. Western Olive-backed Thrush.
Fairly common resident. (D. A. 1616, 9 mi. ESE Moscow, Latah County,
June 5, 1940.)

_Hylocichla fuscescens salicicola_ Ridgway. Willow Thrush. Fairly
common resident. The Museum of Vertebrate Zoölogy has specimens of this
species, taken at Castle Creek Ranger Station, Idaho County, 7 mi. SE
Murphy, Owyhee County, and 3 mi. W Swan Valley, Bonneville County.

_Sialia mexicanus occidentalis_ Townsend. Western Bluebird. Resident in
northern Idaho. Rust (1915:129) states that the species is fairly
common at Coeur d'Alene Lake.

_Sialia currucoides_ (Bechstein). Mountain Bluebird. Very common
resident. (D. A. 1789, Black Creek, 12 mi. SE Boise, Ada County, March
7, 1941.)

_Myadestes townsendi_ (Audubon). Townsend Solitaire. Uncommon resident
in the boreal zones. (D. A. 1294, 7 mi. E Genessee, Latah County,
November 27, 1938.)

_Polioptila caerulea amoenissima_ Grinnell. Western Gnatcatcher.
Brodkorb (1935b:312) records one specimen of this bird taken at 6,000
ft. "about eight miles southwest of Raymond, Bear Lake County," on
October 7, 1932.

_Regulus satrapa olivaceus_ Baird. Western Golden-crowned Kinglet.
Resident; fairly common in winter. (D. A. 1229, Moscow, Latah County,
October 1, 1938.)

_Regulus calendula cineraceus_ Grinnell. Western Ruby-crowned Kinglet.
Resident; one of the most common winter birds. (D. A. 1902, Cottonwood
Creek, 5 mi. NNE Boise, Ada County, October 5, 1946.)

_Anthus spinoletta pacificus_ Todd. Western Pipit. Common migrant. (D.
A. 1849, Black Creek Reservoir, 12 mi. SE Boise, Ada County, October
11, 1941.)

_Bombycilla garrulus pallidiceps_ Reichenow. Bohemian Waxwing. Common
sporadically in winter. Taylor (1918:226) reported this bird breeding
near Sandpoint, Bonner County.

_Bombycilla cedrorum_ Vieillot. Cedar Waxwing. Very common in winter,
often with the preceding species; resident in Kootenai and Bonner
counties, and probably elsewhere in the State. Rust (1915:128) records
a nest with three fresh eggs on June 28 at Fernan Creek, Kootenai
County.

_Lanius excubitor invictus_ Grinnell. Northwestern Shrike. Casual
migrant. (D. A. 1875, Boise, Ada County, February 3, 1943.)

_Lanius ludovicianus gambeli_ Ridgway. California Shrike. Miller
(1931:79) states that the resident population of this species is
referred to this race. Common resident in the Sonoran zones.

_Sturnus vulgaris_ Linnaeus. Starling. These birds have been reported
for several years; specimens were first reported by Jones (1946:142)
from Bannock County.

_Vireo huttoni huttoni_ Cassin. Hutton Vireo. Very common resident in
the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1413, Troy, Latah County, May 6,
1939.)

_Vireo solitarius cassinii_ Xantus. Cassin Vireo. Common resident in
the Transition Life-zone. The Museum of Vertebrate Zoölogy has a
specimen taken 3 mi. W Payette Lake, Adams County.

_Vireo olivaceus_ (Linnaeus). Red-eyed Vireo. Common resident. The
Museum of Vertebrate Zoölogy has a specimen of this vireo taken 4 mi. W
Meadow Creek, Idaho County.

_Vireo gilvus swainsonii_ Baird. Western Warbling Vireo. Very common
resident. (Univ. Idaho No. 119, Moscow, Latah County, June 14, 1938.)

_Vermivora celata orestera_ Oberholser. Rocky Mountain Orange-crowned
Warbler. Common resident. (Univ. Idaho No. 204, Moscow, Latah County,
August 16, 1938.)

_Vermivora ruficapilla ridgwayi_ van Rossem. Calaveras Warbler.
Burleigh (1923:662) states that this warbler is fairly common at
Clark's Fork, Bonner County, in July and August.

_Dendroica petechia morcomi_ Coale. Rocky Mountain Yellow Warbler. Very
common resident. (Univ. Idaho No. 175, Moscow Mountain, Latah County,
July 29, 1938.)

_Dendroica auduboni auduboni_ (Townsend). Audubon Warbler. Common
resident. (D. A. 1555, 10 mi. NE Moscow, Latah County, May 11, 1940.)

_Dendroica nigrescens_ (Townsend). Black-throated Gray Warbler. Fairly
common in migration, and probably resident. The Museum of Vertebrate
Zoölogy has a specimen taken at Indian Creek, 12 mi. SE Riddle, Owyhee
County.

_Dendroica townsendi_ (Townsend). Townsend Warbler. Fairly common in
migration. Burleigh (1923:663) states that the bird is resident at
Clark's Fork, Bonner County.

_Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis_ Ridgway. Grinnell Water-thrush.
Merrill (1897:349) records this bird from the State.

_Oporornis tolmiei_ (Townsend). Macgillivray Warbler. Common resident.
(D. A. 1421, Troy, Latah County, May 6, 1939.)

_Geothlypis trichas occidentalis_ Brewster. Western Yellow-throat.
Common resident in suitable localities. (D. A. 1863, 2 mi. W Boise, Ada
County, May 8, 1942.)

_Icteria virens auricollis_ (Lichtenstein). Long-tailed Chat. Common
resident. (D. A. 1800, Cinch Creek, Arrowrock Reservoir, Boise County,
June 28, 1941.)

_Wilsonia pusilla pileolata_ (Pallas). Northern Pileolated Warbler.
Burleigh (1923:663) records this bird as a common resident at Clark's
Fork, Bonner County; uncommon in southern Idaho.

_Setophaga ruticilla_ (Linnaeus). American Redstart. There are some
records of casual visitants in southern Idaho, and Burleigh (1923:663)
states that it is a summer resident at Clark's Fork, Bonner County.

_Passer domesticus_ (Linnaeus). English Sparrow. This cosmopolitan bird
can be found wherever there is a human habitation.

_Dolichonyx oryzivorus_ (Linnaeus). Bobolink. Resident in northern
Idaho. Burleigh (1923:655) states that the bird is resident at Clark's
Fork, Bonner County.

_Sturnella neglecta_ Audubon. Western Meadowlark. Common resident. (D.
A. 1876, Boise, Ada County, May 12, 1943.)

_Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus_ (Bonaparte). Yellow-headed Blackbird.
Common resident along the Snake River in southern Idaho. (D. A. 1628,
Hagerman, on Snake River, Gooding County, June 16, 1940.)

_Agelaius phoeniceus_ (Linnaeus). Red-wing. Common resident.

     a. _fortis_ Ridgway. Thick-billed Red-wing. Resident in
     southeastern Idaho. (D. A. 1624, Hagerman on Snake River,
     Gooding County, June 16, 1940.)

     b. _nevadensis_ Grinnell. Nevada Red-wing. Resident in
     southwestern and northern Idaho. (D. A. 1765, Star, Canyon
     County, May 1, 1941.)

_Icterus bullockii bullockii_ (Swainson). Bullock Oriole. Common
resident. (D. A. 1655, 4 mi. NW Pollock, Idaho County, June 27, 1940.)

_Euphagus cyanocephalus_ (Wagler). Brewer Blackbird. Common resident.
(D. A. 1894, nest and four eggs, Boise, Ada County, May 10, 1944.)

_Molothrus ater artemisiae_ Grinnell. Nevada Cowbird. Fairly common
bird in the Upper Sonoran Life-zone. (D. A. 1460, 4-1/2 mi. SW Moscow,
Latah County, May 26, 1939.)

_Piranga ludoviciana_ (Wilson). Western Tanager. Very common resident
in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1570, 10 mi. ESE Moscow, Latah
County, May 19, 1940.)

_Pheucticus melanocephalus melanocephalus_ (Swainson). Rocky Mountain
Grosbeak. Resident in the Transition Life-zone. (Univ. Idaho No. 51
Moscow Mountain, Latah County, May 30, 1937.)

_Passerina amoena_ (Say). Lazuli Bunting. Very common resident in the
Upper Sonoran Life-zone. (D. A. 1802, Cinch Creek, Arrowrock Reservoir,
Boise County, June 28, 1941.)

_Hesperiphona vespertina brooksi_ Grinnell. Western Evening Grosbeak.
Resident in the Transition Life-zone; large flocks of these birds are
commonly observed in winter. (D. A. 1527, 10 mi. ESE Moscow, Latah
County, April 20, 1940.)

_Carpodacus cassinii_ Baird. Cassin Purple Finch. Common resident in
the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1822, Head Crooked River, Sawtooth
Range, Boise County, August 6, 1941.)

_Carpodacus mexicanus solitudinis_ Moore. Desert House Finch. Common
resident. (D. A. 1889, Boise, Ada County, April 24, 1944.)

_Pinicola enucleator montana_ Ridgway. Rocky Mountain Pine Grosbeak.
Resident on the boreal summits of the mountains. (D. A. 1321, Moscow
Mountain, Latah County, January 26, 1939.)

_Leucosticte tephrocotis_ Swainson. Rosy Finch. Resident in the boreal
zones; observed casually in winter. Various races of this species are
present in the State, but only the following two are here listed until
there is further clarification of the status of the other races of the
species.

     a. _littoralis_ Baird. Hepburn Rosy Finch. Winter visitant.
     (D. A. 1347, 2 mi. N Moscow, Latah County, March 18, 1939.)

     b. _tephrocotis_ (Swainson). Gray-crowned Rosy Finch.
     According to the 1931 A. O. U. Check-list, this subspecies
     breeds in the State.

_Leucosticte atrata_ Ridgway. Black Rosy Finch. Resident in the Salmon
Mountains. See A. O. U. Check-list (1931) for the range of this
species.

_Acanthis flammea flammea_ (Linnaeus). Common Redpoll. Rust (1915:127)
lists this bird as a winter visitant in Kootenai County, and one
specimen was obtained in Bonner County. (D. A. 1334, 6 mi. S Coolin,
Bonner County, February 19, 1939.)

_Spinus pinus vagrans_ Aldrich. Western Pine Siskin. Common resident in
the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1857, Horseshoe Bend, Boise County,
December 10, 1941.)

_Spinus tristis pallidus_ Mearns. Pale Goldfinch. Common resident. (D.
A. 1622, 4 mi. ESE Boise, Ada County, March 14, 1941.)

_Loxia curvirostra_ Linnaeus. Red Crossbill. Uncommon resident in the
Canadian Life-zone.

     a. _bendirei_ Ridgway. Bendire Crossbill. Resident. (D. A.
     1525, 10 mi. ESE Moscow, Latah County, April 20, 1940.)

     b. _benti_ Griscom. Bent Crossbill. Winter visitant. (Univ.
     Idaho No. 94, Moscow, Latah County, December 5, 1937.)

_Loxia leucoptera leucoptera_ Gmelin. White-winged Crossbill. Davis
(1935b:236) records this bird from the Minidoka Project on December 18,
1919, and Jewett (1912b:193) took one specimen in the Sawtooth
Mountains.

_Chlorura chlorura_ (Audubon). Green-tailed Towhee. Breeding
individuals of this species have been taken at the Minidoka Project by
Davis (1930:136).

_Pipilo maculatus_ Swainson. Spotted Towhee. Common resident in the
Transition Life-zone.

     a. _arcticus_ (Swainson). Arctic Towhee. Resident in
     northern Idaho. (Univ. Idaho No. 163, Coeur d'Alene,
     Kootenai County, July 20, 1938.)

     b. _curtatus_ Grinnell. Nevada Towhee. Resident in southern
     Idaho. (D. A. 1804, Dutch Creek and Boise River, Boise
     County, July 4, 1941.)

_Calamospiza melanocorys_ Stejneger. Lark Bunting. Davis (1935b:236)
records this species as erratic at the Minidoka Project, where he took
a specimen on May 29, 1921.

_Passerculus sandwichensis nevadensis_ Grinnell. Nevada Savannah
Sparrow. Common resident. (Univ. Idaho No. 57, Moscow, Latah County,
September 25, 1937.)

_Pooecetes gramineus confinis_ Baird. Western Vesper Sparrow. Common
resident. (D. A. 1391, Moscow, Latah County, April 16, 1939.)

_Chondestes grammacus strigatus_ Swainson. Western Lark Sparrow.
Common resident. (D. A. 1579, 3 mi. SW Moscow, Latah County, May 21,
1940.)

_Amphispiza belli nevadensis_ (Ridgway). Northern Sage Sparrow.
Resident in southern Idaho. Davis (1935b:236) took one specimen in
Minidoka on May 19, 1921.

_Junco hyemalis cismontanus_ Dwight. Slate-colored Junco. Fairly common
winter visitant with other juncos. See Miller (1941:329) for records of
these birds.

_Junco oreganus_ Townsend. Oregon Junco. Common resident. See Miller
(1941:238) for ranges of the following subspecies.

     a. _mearnsi_ Ridgway. Pink-sided Junco. Resident in Custer
     and Fremont counties.

     b. _montanus_ Ridgway. Montana Junco. Resident in northern
     and western Idaho.

_Junco caniceps caniceps_ (Woodhouse). Gray-headed Junco. Miller
(1941:180) states that some hybridization occurs between this species
and _oreganus_ in Bannock and Cassia counties. It is resident in
southeastern Idaho.

_Spizella arborea ochracea_ Brewster. Western Tree Sparrow. Fairly
common resident in central and northern Idaho. (D. A. 1516, nest and
eggs, Moscow, Latah County, April 6, 1940.)

_Spizella passerina arizonae_ Coues. Western Chipping Sparrow. Very
common resident in the Transition Life-zone. (D. A. 1805, junction of
Dutch Creek and Boise River, Boise County, July 4, 1941.)

_Spizella breweri breweri_ Cassin. Brewer Sparrow. Resident in southern
Idaho. Davis (1935b:235) records the bird as a summer resident at the
Minidoka Project.

_Zonotrichia querula_ Nuttall. Harris Sparrow. Wyman (1911a:267)
records this bird from Nampa, Valley County, in winter.

_Zonotrichia leucophrys_ (Forster). White-crowned Sparrow. Common
resident.

     a. _gambeli_ (Nuttall). Gambel Sparrow. Migrant. (Univ.
     Idaho No. 6, Moscow, Latah County, September 26, 1936.)

     b. _leucophrys_ (Forster). White-crowned Sparrow. Resident
     in the Hudsonian and Canadian zones. See A. O. U. Check-list
     (1931) for range of this subspecies.

_Zonotrichia albicollis_ (Gmelin). White-throated Sparrow. Wyman
(1912b:247) reported this bird from Nampa, Valley County, in winter.

_Passerella iliaca schistacea_ Baird. Slate-colored Fox Sparrow.
Uncommon resident in the Transition Life-zone, and fairly common in
migration. (D. A. 1365, Pocatello Creek, 3 mi. E Pocatello, Bannock
County, April 2, 1939.)

_Melospiza lincolnii alticola_ (Miller and McCabe). Montane Lincoln
Sparrow. Resident in the boreal zones, and fairly common in migration.
See Miller and McCabe (1935:149) for range of this subspecies.

_Melospiza melodia_ (Wilson). Song Sparrow. Common resident.

     a. _fallax_ (Baird). Mountain Song Sparrow. Resident in
     southern Idaho. (D. A. 1839, Head Taylor Creek, Boise
     County, August 7, 1941.)

     b. _merrilli_ Brewster. Merrill Song Sparrow. Resident in
     central and northern Idaho. (Univ. Idaho No. 103, Moscow,
     Latah County, February 22, 1938.)

_Calcarius lapponicus alascensis_ Ridgway. Alaska Longspur. Uncommon
migrant. Merrill (1898:15) records one specimen of this species taken
at Fort Sherman on November 13, 1896.

_Plectrophenax nivalis nivalis_ (Linnaeus). Eastern Snow Bunting.
Uncommon migrant. Rust (1915:127) records the bird as rare in migration
in Kootenai County, and Merrill (1898:15) states that it is irregular
in winter at Fort Sherman.




BIBLIOGRAPHY


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ALDRICH, J. W. AND FRIEDMANN, H.

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BEHLE, W. H.

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GRINNELL, J.

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KENAGY, F.

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MOORE, R. T.

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OBERHOLSER, H. C.

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_Transmitted February 12, 1947._

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