HAWTHORN AND LAVENDER _With Other Verses_, _by_ WILLIAM ERNEST HENLEY _O_, _how shall summer's honey breath hold out_ _Against the wrackful siege of battering days_? SHAKESPEARE LONDON _Published by DAVID NUTT_ at the Sign of the Phoenix IN LONG ACRE 1901 _First Edition printed October_ 1901 _Second Edition printed November_ 1901 Edinburgh: T. and A. CONSTABLE, (late) Printers to Her Majesty Dedication _Ask me not how they came_, _These songs of love and death_, _These dreams of a futile stage_, _These thumb-nails seen in the street_: _Ask me not how nor why_, _But take them for your own_, _Dear Wife of twenty years_, _Knowing_--_O_, _who so well_?-- _You it was made the man_ _That made these songs of love_, _Death_, _and the trivial rest_: _So that_, _your love elsewhere_, _These songs_, _or bad or good_-- _How should they ever have been_? WORTHING, _July_ 31, 1901. PROLOGUE These to the glory and praise of the green land That bred my women, and that holds my dead, _ENGLAND_, and with her the strong broods that stand Wherever her fighting lines are thrust or spread! They call us proud?--Look at our English Rose! Shedders of blood?--Where hath our own been spared? Shopkeepers?--Our accompt the high _GOD_ knows. Close?--In our bounty half the world hath shared. They hate us, and they envy? Envy and hate Should drive them to the _PIT'S_ edge?--Be it so! That race is damned which misesteems its fate; And this, in _GOD'S_ good time, they all shall know, And know you too, you good green _ENGLAND_, then-- Mother of mothering girls and governing men! 1. HAWTHORN AND LAVENDER ENVOY _My songs were once of the sunrise_: _They shouted it over the bar_; _First-footing the dawns_, _they flourished_, _And flamed with the morning star_. _My songs are now of the sunset_: _Their brows are touched with light_, _But their feet are lost in the shadows_ _And wet with the dews of night_. _Yet for the joy in their making_ _Take them_, _O fond and true_, _And for his sake who made them_ _Let them be dear to You_. PRAELUDIUM _Largo espressivo_ In sumptuous chords, and strange, Through rich yet poignant harmonies: Subtle and strong browns, reds Magnificent with death and the pride of death, Thin, clamant greens And delicate yellows that exhaust The exquisite chromatics of decay: From ruining gardens, from reluctant woods-- Dear, multitudinously reluctant woods!-- And sering margents, forced To be lean and bare and perished grace by grace, And flower by flower discharmed, Comes, to a purpose none, Not even the Scorner, which is the Fool, can blink, The dead-march of the year. Dead things and dying! Now the long-laboured soul Listens, and pines. But never a note of hope Sounds: whether in those high, Transcending unisons of resignation That speed the sovran sun, As he goes southing, weakening, minishing, Almighty in obedience; or in those Small, sorrowful colloquies Of bronze and russet and gold, Colour with colour, dying things with dead, That break along this visual orchestra: As in that other one, the audible, Horn answers horn, hautboy and violin Talk, and the 'cello calls the clarionet And flute, and the poor heart is glad. There is no hope in these--only despair. Then, destiny in act, ensues That most tremendous passage in the score: When hangman rains and winds have wrought Their worst, and, the brave lights gone down, The low strings, the brute brass, the sullen drums Sob, grovel, and curse themselves Silent. . . . But on the spirit of Man And on the heart of the World there falls A strange, half-desperate peace: A war-worn, militant, gray jubilance In the unkind, implacable tyranny Of Winter, the obscene, Old, crapulous Regent, who in his loins-- O, who but feels he carries in his loins The wild, sweet-blooded, wonderful harlot, Spring? I. Low--low Over a perishing after-glow, A thin, red shred of moon Trailed. In the windless air The poplars all ranked lean and chill. The smell of winter loitered there, And the Year's heart felt still. Yet not so far away Seemed the mad Spring, But that, as lovers will, I let my laughing heart go play, As it had been a fond maid's frolicking; And, turning thrice the gold I'd got, In the good gloom Solemnly wished me--what? What, and with whom? II Moon of half-candied meres And flurrying, fading snows; Moon of unkindly rains, Wild skies, and troubled vanes; When the Norther snarls and bites, And the lone moon walks a-cold, And the lawns grizzle o' nights, And wet fogs search the fold: Here in this heart of mine A dream that warms like wine, A dream one other knows, Moon of the roaring weirs And the sip-sopping close, February Fill-Dyke, Shapes like a royal rose-- A red, red rose! O, but the distance clears! O, but the daylight grows! Soon shall the pied wind-flowers Babble of greening hours, Primrose and daffodil Yearn to a fathering sun, The lark have all his will, The thrush be never done, And April, May, and June Go to the same blythe tune As this blythe dream of mine! Moon when the crocus peers, Moon when the violet blows, February Fair-Maid, Haste, and let come the rose-- Let come the rose! III The night dislimns, and breaks Like snows slow thawn; An evil wind awakes On lea and lawn; The low East quakes; and hark! Out of the kindless dark, A fierce, protesting lark, High in the horror of dawn! A shivering streak of light, A scurry of rain: Bleak day from bleaker night Creeps pinched and fain; The old gloom thins and dies, And in the wretched skies A new gloom, sick to rise, Sprawls, like a thing in pain. And yet, what matter--say!-- The shuddering trees, The Easter-stricken day, The sodden leas? The good bird, wing and wing With Time, finds heart to sing, As he were hastening The swallow o'er the seas. IV It came with the year's first crocus In a world of winds and snows-- Because it would, because it must, Because of life and time and lust; And a year's first crocus served my turn As well as the year's first rose. The March rack hurries and hectors, The March dust heaps and blows; But the primrose flouts the daffodil, And here's the patient violet still; And the year's first crocus brought me luck, So hey for the year's first rose! V The good South-West on sea-worn wings Comes shepherding the good rain; The brave Sea breaks, and glooms, and swings, A weltering, glittering plain. Sound, Sea of England, sound and shine, Blow, English Wind, amain, Till in this old, gray heart of mine The Spring need wake again! VI In the red April dawn, In the wild April weather, From brake and thicket and lawn The birds sing all together. The look of the hoyden Spring Is pinched and shrewish and cold; But all together they sing Of a world that can never be old: Of a world still young--still young!-- Whose last word won't be said, Nor her last song dreamed and sung, Till her last true lover's dead! VII The April sky sags low and drear, The April winds blow cold, The April rains fall gray and sheer, And yeanlings keep the fold. But the rook has built, and the song-birds quire, And over the faded lea The lark soars glorying, gyre on gyre, And he is the bird for me! For he sings as if from his watchman's height He saw, this blighting day, The far vales break into colour and light From the banners and arms of May. VIII Shadow and gleam on the Downland Under the low Spring sky, Shadow and gleam in my spirit-- Why? A bird, in his nest rejoicing, Cheers and flatters and woos: A fresh voice flutters my fancy-- Whose? And the humour of April frolics And bickers in blade and bough-- O, to meet for the primal kindness Now! IX The wind on the wold, With sea-scents and sea-dreams attended, Is wine! The air is as gold In elixir--it takes so the splendid Sunshine! O, the larks in the blue! How the song of them glitters, and glances, And gleams! The old music sounds new-- And it's O, the wild Spring, and his chances And dreams! There's a lift in the blood-- O, this gracious, and thirsting, and aching Unrest! All life's at the bud, And my heart, full of April, is breaking My breast. X Deep in my gathering garden A gallant thrush has built; And his quaverings on the stillness Like light made song are spilt. They gleam, they glint, they sparkle, They glitter along the air, Like the song of a sunbeam netted In a tangle of red-gold hair. And I long, as I laugh and listen, For the angel-hour that shall bring My part, pre-ordained and appointed, In the miracle of Spring. XI What doth the blackbird in the boughs Sing all day to his nested spouse? What but the song of his old Mother-Earth, In her mighty humour of lust and mirth? 'Love and God's will go wing and wing, And as for death, is there any such thing?'-- In the shadow of death, So, at the beck of the wizard Spring The dear bird saith-- So the bird saith! Caught with us all in the nets of fate, So the sweet wretch sings early and late; And, O my fairest, after all, The heart of the World's in his innocent call. The will of the World's with him wing and wing:-- 'Life--life--life! 'Tis the sole great thing This side of death, Heart on heart in the wonder of Spring!' So the bird saith-- The wise bird saith! XII This world, all hoary With song and story, Rolls in a glory Of youth and mirth; Above and under Clothed on with wonder. Sunrise and thunder, And death and birth. His broods befriending With grace unending And gifts transcending A god's at play, Yet do his meetness And sovran sweetness Hold in the jocund purpose of May. So take your pleasure, And in full measure Use of your treasure, When birds sing best! For when heaven's bluest, And earth feels newest, And love longs truest, And takes not rest: When winds blow cleanest, And seas roll sheenest, And lawns lie greenest: Then, night and day, Dear life counts dearest, And God walks nearest To them that praise Him, praising His May. XIII _I talked one midnight with the jolly ghost_ _Of a gray ancestor_, _TOM HEYWOOD hight_; _And_, '_Here's_,' _says he_, _his old heart liquor-lifted_-- '_Here's how we did when GLORIANA shone_:' All in a garden green Thrushes were singing; Red rose and white between, Lilies were springing; It was the merry May; Yet sang my Lady:-- 'Nay, Sweet, now nay, now nay! I am not ready.' Then to a pleasant shade I did invite her: All things a concert made, For to delight her; Under, the grass was gay; Yet sang my Lady:-- 'Nay, Sweet, now nay, now nay! I am not ready.' XIV Why do you linger and loiter, O most sweet? Why do you falter and delay, Now that the insolent, high-blooded May Comes greeting and to greet? Comes with her instant summonings to stray Down the green, antient way-- The leafy, still, rose-haunted, eye-proof street!-- Where true lovers each other may entreat, Ere the gold hair turn gray? Entreat, and fleet Life gaudily, and so play out their play, Even with the triumphing May-- The young-eyed, smiling, irresistible May! Why do you loiter and linger, O most dear? Why do you dream and palter and stay, When every dawn, that rushes up the bay, Brings nearer, and more near, The Terror, the Discomforter, whose prey, Beloved, we must be? Nor prayer, nor tear, Lets his arraignment; but we disappear, What time the gold turns gray, Into the sheer, Blind gulfs unglutted of mere Yesterday, With the unlingering May-- The good, fulfilling, irresponsible May! XV _Come where my Lady lies_, _Sleeping down the golden hours_! _Cover her with flowers_. Bluebells from the clearings, Flag-flowers from the rills, Wildings from the lush hedgerows, Delicate daffodils, Sweetlings from the formal plots, Bloomkins from the bowers-- Heap them round her where she sleeps, _Cover her with flowers_! Sweet-pea and pansy, Red hawthorn and white; Gilliflowers--like praising souls; Lilies--lamps of light: Nurselings of what happy winds, Suns, and stars, and showers! Joylets good to see and smell-- _Cover her with flowers_! Like to sky-born shadows Mirrored on a stream, Let their odours meet and mix And waver through her dream! Last, the crowded sweetness Slumber overpowers, And she feels the lips she loves _Craving through the flowers_! XVI The west a glory of green and red and gold, The magical drifts to north and eastward rolled, The shining sands, the still, transfigured sea, The wind so light it scarce begins to be, As these long days unfold a flower, unfold Life's rose in me. Life's rose--life's rose! Red at my heart it glows-- Glows and is glad, as in some quiet close The sun's spoiled darlings their gay life renew! Only, the clement rain, the mothering dew, Daytide and night, all things that make the rose, Are you, dear--you! XVII Look down, dear eyes, look down, Lest you betray her gladness. Dear brows, do naught but frown, Lest men miscall my madness. Come not, dear hands, so near, Lest all besides come nearer. Dear heart, hold me less dear, Lest time hold nothing dearer. Keep me, dear lips, O, keep The great last word unspoken, Lest other eyes go weep, And other lives lie broken! XVIII Poplar and lime and chestnut Meet in a living screen; And there the winds and the sunbeams keep A revel of gold and green. O, the green dreams and the golden, The golden thoughts and green, This green and golden end of May My lover and me between! XIX Hither, this solemn eventide, All flushed and mystical and blue, When the late bird sings And sweet-breathed garden-ghosts walk sudden and wide, Hesper, that bringeth all good things, Brings me a dream of you. And in my heart, dear heart, it comes and goes, Even as the south wind lingers and falls and blows, Even as the south wind sighs and tarries and streams, Among the living leaves about and round; With a still, soothing sound, As of a multitude of dreams Of love, and the longing of love, and love's delight, Thronging, ten thousand deep, Into the uncreating Night, With semblances and shadows to fulfil, Amaze, and thrill The strange, dispeopled silences of Sleep. XX After the grim daylight, Night-- Night and the stars and the sea! Only the sea, and the stars And the star-shown sails and spars-- Naught else in the night for me! Over the northern height, Light-- Light and the dawn of a day With nothing for me but a breast Laboured with love's unrest, And the irk of an idle May! XXI Love, which is lust, is the Lamp in the Tomb. Love, which is lust, is the Call from the Gloom. Love, which is lust, is the Main of Desire. Love, which is lust, is the Centric Fire. So man and woman will keep their trust, Till the very Springs of the Sea run dust. Yea, each with the other will lose and win, Till the very Sides of the Grave fall in. For the strife of Love's the abysmal strife, And the word of Love is the Word of Life. And they that go with the Word unsaid, Though they seem of the living, are damned and dead. XXII Between the dusk of a summer night And the dawn of a summer day, We caught at a mood as it passed in flight, And we bade it stoop and stay. And what with the dawn of night began With the dusk of day was done; For that is the way of woman and man, When a hazard has made them one. Arc upon arc, from shade to shine, The World went thundering free; And what was his errand but hers and mine-- The lords of him, I and she? O, it's die we must, but it's live we can, And the marvel of earth and sun Is all for the joy of woman and man And the longing that makes them one. XXIII I took a hansom on to-day For a round I used to know-- That I used to take for a woman's sake In a fever of to-and-fro. There were the landmarks one and all-- What did they stand to show? Street and square and river were there-- Where was the antient woe? Never a hint of a challenging hope Nor a hope laid sick and low, But a longing dead as its kindred sped A thousand years ago! XXIV Only a freakish wisp of hair?-- Nay, but its wildest, its most frolic whorl Stands for a slim, enamoured, sweet-fleshed girl! And so, a tangle of dream and charm and fun, Its every crook a promise and a snare, Its every dowle, or genially gadding Or crisply curled, Heartening and madding, Empales a novel and peculiar world Of right, essential fantasies, And shining acts as yet undone, But in these wonder-working days Soon, soon to ask our sovran Lord, the Sun, For countenance and praise, As of the best his storying eye hath seen, And his vast memory can parallel, Among the darling victories-- Beneficent, beautiful, inexpressible-- Of life on time!-- Yet have they flashed and been In millions, since 'twas his to bring The heaven-creating Spring, An angel of adventure and delight, In all her beauty and all her strength and worth, With her great guerdons of romance and spright, And those high needs that fill the flesh with might, Home to the citizens of this good, green earth. Poor souls--they have but time and place To play their transient little play And sing their singular little song, Ere they are rushed away Into the antient, undisclosing Night; And none is left to tell of the clear eyes That filled them with God's grace, And turned the iron skies to skies of gold! None; but the sweetest She herself grows old-- Grows old, and dies; And, but for such a lovely snatch of hair As this, none--none could guess, or know That She was kind and fair, And he had nights and days beyond compare-- How many dusty and silent years ago! XXV This is the moon of roses, The lovely and flowerful time; And, as white roses climb the wall, Your dreams about me climb. This is the moon of roses, Glad and golden and blue; And, as red roses drink of the sun, My dreams they drink of you. This is the moon of roses! The cherishing South-West blows, And life, dear heart, for me and you, O, life's a rejoicing rose. XXVI June, and a warm, sweet rain; June, and the call of a bird: To a lover in pain What lovelier word? Two of each other fain Happily heart on heart: So in the wind and rain Spring bears his part! O, to be heart on heart One with the warm June rain, God with us from the start, And no more pain! XXVII It was a bowl of roses: There in the light they lay, Languishing, glorying, glowing Their life away. And the soul of them rose like a presence, Into me crept and grew, And filled me with something--some one-- O, was it you? XXVIII Your feet as glad And light as a dove's homing wings, you came-- Came with your sweets to fill my hands, My sense with your perfume. We closed with lips Grown weary and fain with longing from afar, The while your grave, enamoured eyes Drank down the dream in mine. Till the great need So lovely and so instant grew, it seemed The embodied Spirit of the Spring Hung at me, heart on heart. XXIX A world of leafage murmurous and a-twinkle; The green, delicious plenitude of June; Love and laughter and song The blue day long Going to the same glad, golden tune-- The same glad tune! Clouds on the dim, delighting skies a-sprinkle; Poplars black in the wake of a setting moon; Love and languor and sleep And the star-sown deep Going to the same good, golden tune-- The same good tune! XXX I send you roses--red, like love, And white, like death, sweet friend: Born in your bosom to rejoice, Languish, and droop, and end. If the white roses tell of death, Let the red roses mend The talk with true stories of love Unchanging till the end. Red and white roses, love and death-- What else is left to send? For what is life but love, the means, And death, true Wife, the end? XXXI These glad, these great, these goodly days Bewildering hope, outrunning praise, The Earth, renewed by the great Sun's longing, Utters her joy in a million ways! What is there left, sweet Soul and true-- What, for us and our dream to do? What but to take this mighty Summer As it were made for me and you? Take it and live it beam by beam, Motes of light on a gleaming stream, Glare by glare and glory on glory Through to the ash of this flaming dream! XXXII The downs, like uplands in Eden, Gleam in an afterglow Like a rose-world ruining earthwards-- Mystical, wistful, slow! Near and afar in the leafage, That last glad call to the nest! And the thought of you hangs and triumphs With Hesper low in the west! Till the song and the light and the colour, The passion of earth and sky, Are blent in a rapture of boding Of the death we should one day die. XXXIII The time of the silence Of birds is upon us: Rust in the chestnut leaf, Dust in the stubble: The turn of the Year And the call to decay. Stately and splendid, The Summer passes: Sad with satiety, Sick with fulfilment; Spent and consumed, But august till the end. By wilting hedgerows And white-hot highways, Bearing its memories Even as a burden, The tired heart plods For a place of rest. XXXIV There was no kiss that day? No intimate Yea-and-Nay, No sweets in hand, no tender, lingering touch? None of those desperate, exquisite caresses, So instant--O, so brief!--and yet so much, The thought of the swiftest lifts and blesses? Nor any one of those great royal words, Those sovran privacies of speech, Frank as the call of April birds, That, whispered, live a life of gold Among the heart's still sainted memories, And irk, and thrill, and ravish, and beseech, Even when the dream of dreams in death's a-cold? No, there was none of these, Dear one, and yet-- O, eyes on eyes! O, voices breaking still, For all the watchful will, Into a kinder kindness than seemed due From you to me, and me to you! And that hot-eyed, close-throated, blind regret Of woman and man baulked and debarred the blue!-- No kiss--no kiss that day? Nay, rather, though we seemed to wear the rue, Sweet friend, how many, and how goodly--say! XXXV Sing to me, sing, and sing again, My glad, great-throated nightingale: Sing, as the good sun through the rain-- Sing, as the home-wind in the sail! Sing to me life, and toil, and time, O bugle of dawn, O flute of rest! Sing, and once more, as in the prime, There shall be naught but seems the best. And sing me at the last of love: Sing that old magic of the May, That makes the great world laugh and move As lightly as our dream to-day! XXXVI _We sat late_, _late_--_talking of many things_. _He told me of his grief_, _and_, _in the telling_, _The gist of his tale showed to me_, _rhymed_, _like this_. It came, the news, like a fire in the night, That life and its best were done; And there was never so dazed a wretch In the beat of the living sun. I read the news, and the terms of the news Reeled random round my brain Like the senseless, tedious buzzle and boom Of a bluefly in the pane. So I went for the news to the house of the news, But the words were left unsaid, For the face of the house was blank with blinds, And I knew that she was dead. XXXVII 'Twas in a world of living leaves That we two reaped and bound our sheaves: They were of white roses and red, And in the scything they were dead. Now the high Autumn flames afield, And what is all his golden yield To that we took, and sheaved, and bound In the green dusk that gladdened round? Yet must the memory grieve and ache Of that we did for dear love's sake, But may no more under the sun, Being, like our summer, spent and done. XXXVIII Since those we love and those we hate, With all things mean and all things great, Pass in a desperate disarray _Over the hills and far away_: It must be, Dear, that, late or soon, Out of the ken of the watching moon, We shall abscond with Yesterday _Over the hills and far away_. What does it matter? As I deem, We shall but follow as brave a dream As ever smiled a wanton May _Over the hills and far away_. We shall remember, and, in pride, Fare forth, fulfilled and satisfied, Into the land of Ever-and-Aye, _Over the hills and far away_. XXXIX These were the woods of wonder We found so close and boon, When the bride-month in her beauty Lay mouth to mouth with June. November, the old, lean widow, Sniffs, and snivels, and shrills, And the bowers are all dismantled, And the long grass wets and chills; And I hate these dismal dawnings, These miserable even-ends, These orts, and rags, and heeltaps-- This dream of being merely friends. XL 'Dearest, when I am dead, Make one last song for me: Sing what I would have said-- Righting life's wrong for me. 'Tell them how, early and late, Glad ran the days with me, Seeing how goodly and great, Love, were your ways with me.' XLI Dear hands, so many times so much When the spent year was green and prime, Come, take your fill, and touch This one poor time. Dear lips, that could not leave unsaid One sweet-souled syllable of delight, Once more--and be as dead In the dead night. Dear eyes, so fond to read in mine The message of our counted years, Look your proud last, nor shine Through tears--through tears. XLII When, in what other life, Where in what old, spent star, Systems ago, dead vastitudes afar, Were we two bird and bough, or man and wife? Or wave and spar? Or I the beating sea, and you the bar On which it breaks? I know not, I! But this, O this, my Very Dear, I know: Your voice awakes old echoes in my heart; And things I say to you now are said once more; And, Sweet, when we two part, I feel I have seen you falter and linger so, So hesitate, and turn, and cling--yet go, As once in some immemorable Before, Once on some fortunate yet thrice-blasted shore. Was it for good? O, these poor eyes are wet; And yet, O, yet, Now that we know, I would not, if I could, Forget. XLIII The rain and the wind, the wind and the rain-- They are with us like a disease: They worry the heart, they work the brain, As they shoulder and clutch at the shrieking pane, And savage the helpless trees. What does it profit a man to know These tattered and tumbling skies A million stately stars will show, And the ruining grace of the after-glow And the rush of the wild sunrise? Ever the rain--the rain and the wind! Come, hunch with me over the fire, Dream of the dreams that leered and grinned, Ere the blood of the Year got chilled and thinned, And the death came on desire! XLIV _He made this gracious Earth a hell_ _With Love and Drink_. _I cannot tell_ _Of which he died_. _But Death was well_. Will I die of drink? Why not? Won't I pause and think? --What? Why in seeming wise Waste your breath? Everybody dies-- And of death! Youth--if you find it's youth Too late? Truth--and the back of truth? Straight, Be it love or liquor, What's the odds, So it slide you quicker To the gods? XLV O, these long nights of days! All the year's baseness in the ways, All the year's wretchedness in the skies; While on the blind, disheartened sea A tramp-wind plies Cringingly and dejectedly! And rain and darkness, mist and mud, They cling, they close, they sneak into the blood, They crawl and crowd upon the brain: Till in a dull, dense monotone of pain The past is found a kind of maze, At whose every coign and crook, Broad angle and privy nook, There waits a hooded Memory, Sad, yet with strange, bright, unreproaching eyes. XLVI In Shoreham River, hurrying down To the live sea, By working, marrying, breeding Shoreham Town, Breaking the sunset's wistful and solemn dream, An old, black rotter of a boat Past service to the labouring, tumbling flote, Lay stranded in mid-stream: With a horrid list, a frightening lapse from the line, That made me think of legs and a broken spine: Soon, all-too soon, Ungainly and forlorn to lie Full in the eye Of the cynical, discomfortable moon That, as I looked, stared from the fading sky, A clown's face flour'd for work. And by and by The wide-winged sunset wanned and waned; The lean night-wind crept westward, chilling and sighing; The poor old hulk remained, Stuck helpless in mid-ebb. And I knew why-- Why, as I looked, my heart felt crying. {63} For, as I looked, the good green earth seemed dying-- Dying or dead; And, as I looked on the old boat, I said:-- '_Dear God_, _it's I_!' XLVII Come by my bed, What time the gray ghost shrieks and flies; Take in your hands my head, And look, O look, into my failing eyes; And, by God's grace, Even as He sunders body and breath, The shadow of your face Shall pass with me into the run Of the Beyond, and I shall keep and save Your beauty, as it used to be, An absolute part of me, Lying there, dead and done, Far from the sovran bounty of the sun, Down in the grisly colonies of the Grave. XLVIII Gray hills, gray skies, gray lights, And still, gray sea-- O fond, O fair, The Mays that were, When the wild days and wilder nights Made it like heaven to be! Gray head, gray heart, gray dreams-- O, breath by breath, Night-tide and day Lapse gentle and gray, As to a murmur of tired streams, Into the haze of death. XLIX Silence, loneliness, darkness-- These, and of these my fill, While God in the rush of the Maytide Without is working His will. Without are the wind and the wall-flowers, The leaves and the nests and the rain, And in all of them God is making His beautiful purpose plain. But I wait in a horror of strangeness-- A tool on His workshop floor, Worn to the butt, and banished His hand for evermore. L So let me hence as one Whose part in the world has been dreamed out and done: One that hath fairly earned and spent In pride of heart and jubilance of blood Such wages, be they counted bad or good, As Time, the old taskmaster, was moved to pay; And, having warred and suffered, and passed on Those gifts the Arbiters preferred and gave, Fare, grateful and content, Down the dim way Whereby races innumerable have gone, Into the silent universe of the grave. Grateful for what hath been-- For what my hand hath done, mine eyes have seen, My heart been privileged to know; With all my lips in love have brought To lips that yearned in love to them, and wrought In the way of wrath, and pity, and sport, and song: Content, this miracle of being alive Dwindling, that I, thrice weary of worst and best, May shed my duds, and go From right and wrong, And, ceasing to regret, and long, and strive, Accept the past, and be for ever at rest. FINALE _Schizzando ma con sentimento_ A sigh sent wrong, A kiss that goes astray, A sorrow the years endlong-- So they say. So let it be-- Come the sorrow, the kiss, the sigh! They are life, dear life, all three, And we die. WORTHING, 1899-1901. LONDON TYPES (_To_ S. S. P.) I. BUS-DRIVER He's called _The General_ from the brazen craft And dash with which he _sneaks a bit of road_ And all its fares; challenged, or chafed, or chaffed, _Back-answers_ of the newest he'll explode; He reins his horses with an air; he treats With scoffing calm whatever powers there be; He _gets it straight_, puts _a bit on_, and meets His losses with both _lip_ and _pounds s. d._; He arrogates a special taste in _short_; Is loftily grateful for a flagrant _smoke_; At all the smarter housemaids winks his court, And taps them for half-crowns; being _stoney-broke_, Lives lustily; is ever _on the make_; And hath, I fear, none other gods but _Fake_. II. LIFE-GUARDSMAN Joy of the Milliner, Envy of the Line, Star of the Parks, jack-booted, sworded, helmed, He sits between his holsters, solid of spine; Nor, as it seems, though _WESTMINSTER_ were whelmed, With the great globe, in earthquake and eclipse, Would he and his charger cease from mounting guard, This Private in the Blues, nor would his lips Move, though his gorge with throttled oaths were charred! He wears his inches weightily, as he wears His old-world armours; and with his port and pride, His sturdy graces and enormous airs, He towers, in speech his Colonel countrified, A triumph, waxing statelier year by year, Of British blood, and bone, and beef, and beer. III. HAWKER Far out of bounds he's figured--in a race Of West-End traffic pitching to his loss. But if you'd see him in his proper place, Making the _browns_ for _bub_ and _grub_ and _doss_, Go East among the merchants and their men, And where the press is noisiest, and the tides Of trade run highest and widest, there and then You shall behold him, edging with equal strides Along the kerb; hawking in either hand Some artful nothing made of twine and tin, Cardboard and foil and bits of rubber band: Some penn'orth of wit-in-fact that, with a grin, The careful City marvels at, and buys For nurselings in the Suburbs to despise! IV. BEEF-EATER His beat lies knee-high through a dust of story-- A dust of terror and torture, grief and crime; Ghosts that are _ENGLAND'S_ wonder, and shame, and glory Throng where he walks, an antic of old time; A sense of long immedicable tears Were ever with him, could his ears but heed; The stern _Hic Jacets_ of our bloodiest years Are for his reading, had he eyes to read, But here, where _CROOKBACK_ raged, and _CRANMER_ trimmed, And _MORE_ and _STRAFFORD_ faced the axe's proving, He shows that Crown the desperate Colonel nimmed, Or simply keeps the Country Cousin moving, Or stays such Cockney pencillers as would shame The wall where some dead Queen hath traced her name. V. SANDWICH-MAN An ill March noon; the flagstones gray with dust; An all-round east wind volleying straws and grit; _ST. MARTIN'S STEPS_, where every venomous gust Lingers to buffet, or sneap, the passing cit; And in the gutter, squelching a rotten boot, Draped in a wrap that, modish ten-year syne, Partners, obscene with sweat and grease and soot, A horrible hat, that once was just as fine; The drunkard's mouth a-wash for something drinkable, The drunkard's eye alert for casual _toppers_, The drunkard's neck stooped to a lot scarce thinkable, A living, crawling blazoning of Hot-Coppers, He trails his mildews towards a Kingdom-Come Compact of _sausage-and-mash_ and _two-o'-rum_! VI. 'LIZA _'LIZA'S old man_'s perhaps a little _shady_, _'LIZA'S old woman_'s prone to _booze_ and cringe; But _'LIZA_ deems herself _a perfect lady_, And proves it in her feathers and her fringe. For _'LIZA_ has a _bloke_ her heart to cheer, With _pearlies_ and a _barrer_ and a _jack_, So all the vegetables of the year Are duly represented on her back. Her boots are sacrifices to her hats, Which knock you speechless--_like a load of bricks_! Her summer velvets dazzle _WANSTEAD FLATS_, And cost, at times, a good eighteen-and-six. Withal, outside the gay and giddy whirl, _'LIZA'S_ a stupid, straight, hard-working girl. VII. 'LADY' Time, the old humourist, has a trick to-day Of moving landmarks and of levelling down, Till into Town the Suburbs edge their way, And in the Suburbs you may scent the Town. With _MOUNT ST._ thus approaching _MUSWELL HILL_, And _CLAPHAM COMMON_ marching with the _MILE_, You get a _HAMMERSMITH_ that _fills the bill_, A _HAMPSTEAD_ with a serious sense of style. So this fair creature, pictured in _THE ROW_, As one of that 'gay adulterous world,' {79} whose round Is by the _SERPENTINE_, as well would show, And might, I deem, as readily be found On _STREATHAM'S HILL_, or _WIMBLEDON'S_, or where Brixtonian kitchens lard the late-dining air. VIII. BLUECOAT BOY So went our boys when _EDWARD SIXTH_, the King, Chartered _CHRIST'S HOSPITAL_, and died. And so Full fifteen generations in a string Of heirs to his bequest have had to go. Thus _CAMDEN_ showed, and _BARNES_, and _STILLING-FLEET_, And _RICHARDSON_, that bade our _LOVELACE_ be; The little _ELIA_ thus in _NEWGATE STREET_; Thus to his _GENEVIEVE_ young _S. T. C._ With thousands else that, wandering up and down, Quaint, privileged, liked and reputed well, Made the great School a part of _LONDON TOWN_ Patent as _PAUL'S_ and vital as _BOW BELL_: The old School nearing exile, day by day, To certain clay-lands somewhere _HORSHAM_ way. IX. MOUNTED POLICE Army Reserve; a worshipper of _BOBS_, With whom he stripped the smock from _CANDAHAR_; Neat as his mount, that neatest among cobs; Whenever pageants pass, or meetings are, He moves conspicuous, vigilant, severe, With his Light Cavalry hand and seat and look, A living type of Order, in whose sphere Is room for neither _Hooligan_ nor _Hook_. For in his shadow, wheresoe'er he ride, Paces, all eye and hardihood and grip, The dreaded _Crusher_, might in his every stride And right materialized girt at his hip; And they, that shake to see these twain go by, Feel that the _Tec_, that plain-clothes Terror, is nigh. X. NEWS-BOY Take any station, pavement, circus, corner, Where men their styles of print may call or choose, And there--ten times more _on it_ than _JACK HORNER_-- There shall you find him swathed in sheets of news. Nothing can stay the placing of his wares-- Not bus, nor cab, nor dray! The very _Slop_, That imp of power, is powerless! Ever he dares, And, daring, lands his public neck and crop. Even the many-tortured London ear, The much-enduring, loathes his _Speeshul_ yell, His shriek of _Winnur_! But his dart and leer And poise are irresistible. _PALL MALL_ Joys in him, and _MILE END_; for his vocation Is to purvey the stuff of conversation. XI. DRUM-MAJOR Who says _Drum-Major_ says a man of mould, Shaking the meek earth with tremendous tread, And pacing still, a triumph to behold, Of his own spine at least two yards ahead! Attorney, grocer, surgeon, broker, duke-- His calling may be anything, who comes Into a room, his presence a rebuke To the dejected, as the pipes and drums Inspired his port!--who mounts his office stairs As though he led great armies to the fight! His bulk itself's pure genius, and he wears His avoirdupois with so much fire and spright That, though the creature stands but five feet five, You take him for the tallest He alive. XII. FLOWER-GIRL There's never a delicate nurseling of the year But our huge _LONDON_ hails it, and delights To wear it on her breast or at her ear, Her days to colour and make sweet her nights. Crocus and daffodil and violet, Pink, primrose, valley-lily, clove-carnation, Red rose and white rose, wall-flower, mignonette, The daisies all--these be her recreation, Her gaudies these! And forth from _DRURY LANE_, Trapesing in any of her whirl of weathers, Her flower-girls foot it, honest and hoarse and vain, All boot and little shawl and wilted feathers: Of populous corners right advantage taking, And, where they squat, endlessly posy-making. XIII. BARMAID Though, if you ask her name, she says _ELISE_, Being plain _ELIZABETH_, e'en let it pass, And own that, if her aspirates take their ease, She ever makes a point, in washing glass, Handling the engine, turning taps for _tots_, And countering change, and scorning what men say, Of posing as a dove among the pots, Nor often gives her dignity away. Her head's a work of art, and, if her eyes Be tired and ignorant, she has a waist; Cheaply the Mode she shadows; and she tries From penny novels to amend her taste; And, having mopped the zinc for certain years, And faced the gas, she fades and disappears. _The Artist muses at his ease_, _Contented that his work is done_, _And smiling_--_smiling_!--_as he sees_ _His crowd collecting_, _one by one_. _Alas_! _his travail's but begun_! _None_, _none can keep the years in line_, _And what to Ninety-Eight is fun_ _May raise the gorge of Ninety-Nine_! MUSWELL HILL, 1898. III. THREE PROLOGUES I. BEAU AUSTIN _By W. E. Henley and R. L. Stevenson_, _Haymarket Theatre_, _November_ 3, 1890. Spoken by Mr. TREE in the character of Beau Austin. 'To all and singular,' as _DRYDEN_ says, We bring a fancy of those Georgian days, Whose style still breathed a faint and fine perfume Of old-world courtliness and old-world bloom: When speech was elegant and talk was fit, For slang had not been canonised as wit; When manners reigned, when breeding had the wall, And Women--yes!--were ladies first of all; When Grace was conscious of its gracefulness, And man--though Man!--was not ashamed to dress. A brave formality, a measured ease Were his--and hers--whose effort was to please. And to excel in pleasing was to reign, And, if you sighed, never to sigh in vain. But then, as now--it may be, something more-- Woman and man were human to the core. The hearts that throbbed behind that brave attire Burned with a plenitude of essential fire. They too could risk, they also could rebel: They could love wisely--they could love too well. In that great duel of Sex, that ancient strife Which is the very central fact of life, They could--and did--engage it breath for breath, They could--and did--get wounded unto death. As at all times since time for us began Woman was truly woman, man was man, And joy and sorrow were as much at home In trifling _TUNBRIDGE_ as in mighty _ROME_. Dead--dead and done with! Swift from shine to shade The roaring generations flit and fade. To this one, fading, flitting, like the rest, We come to proffer--be it worst or best-- A sketch, a shadow, of one brave old time; A hint of what it might have held sublime; A dream, an idyll, call it what you will, Of man still Man, and woman--Woman still! II. RICHARD SAVAGE _By J. M. Barrie and H. B. Marriott Watson_, _Criterion Theatre_, _April_ 16, 1891. To other boards for pun and song and dance! Our purpose is an essay in romance: An old-world story where such old-world facts As hate and love and death, through four swift acts-- Not without gleams and glances, hints and cues, From the dear bright eyes of the Comic Muse!-- So shine and sound that, as we fondly deem, They may persuade you to accept our dream: Our own invention, mainly--though we take, Somewhat for art but most for interest's sake One for our hero who goes wandering still In the long shadow of _PARNASSUS HILL_; Scarce within eyeshot; but his tragic shade Compels that recognition due be made, When he comes knocking at the student's door, Something as poet, if as blackguard more. Poet and blackguard. Of the first--how much? As to the second, in quite perfect touch With folly and sorrow, even shame and crime, He lived the grief and wonder of his time! Marked for reproaches from his life's beginning; Extremely sinned against as well as sinning; Hack, spendthrift, starveling, duellist in turn; Too cross to cherish yet too fierce to spurn; Begrimed with ink or brave with wine and blood; Spirit of fire and manikin of mud; Now shining clear, now fain to starve and skulk; Star of the cellar, pensioner of the bulk; At once the child of passion and the slave; Brawling his way to an unhonoured grave-- That was _DICK SAVAGE_! Yet, ere his ghost we raise For these more decent and less desperate days, It may be well and seemly to reflect That, howbeit of so prodigal a sect, Since it was his to call until the end Our greatest, wisest Englishman his friend, 'Twere all-too fatuous if we cursed and scorned The strange, wild creature _JOHNSON_ loved and mourned. Nature is but the oyster--Art's the pearl: Our _DICK_ is neither sycophant nor churl. Not as he was but as he might have been Had the Unkind Gods been poets of the scene, Fired with our fancy, shaped and tricked anew To touch your hearts with love, your eyes with rue, He stands or falls, ere he these boards depart, Not as dead Nature but as living Art. III. ADMIRAL GUINEA _By W. E. Henley and R. L. Stevenson_, _Avenue Theatre_, _Monday_, _November_ 29, 1897. Spoken by Miss ELIZABETH ROBINS. Once was an Age, an Age of blood and gold, An Age of shipmen scoundrelly and bold-- _BLACKBEARD_ and _AVORY_, _SINGLETON_, _ROBERTS_, _KIDD_: An Age which seemed, the while it rolled its quid, Brave with adventure and doubloons and crime, Rum and the Ebony Trade: when, time on time, Real Pirates, right Sea-Highwaymen, could mock The carrion strung at _EXECUTION DOCK_; And the trim Slaver, with her raking rig, Her cloud of sails, her spars superb and trig, Held, in a villainous ecstasy of gain, Her musky course from _BENIN_ to the _MAIN_, And back again for niggers: When, in fine, Some thought that _EDEN_ bloomed across the Line, And some, like _COWPER'S NEWTON_, lived to tell That through those parallels ran the road to Hell. Once was a pair of Friends, who loved to chance Their feet in any by-way of Romance: They, like two vagabond schoolboys, unafraid Of stark impossibilities, essayed To make these Penitent and Impenitent Thieves, These _PEWS_ and _GAUNTS_, each man of them with his sheaves Of humour, passion, cruelty, tyranny, life, Fit shadows for the boards; till in the strife Of dream with dream, their Slaver-Saint came true, And their Blind Pirate, their resurgent _PEW_ (A figure of deadly farce in his new birth), Tap-tapped his way from _ORCUS_ back to earth; And so, their Lover and his Lass made one, In their best prose this _Admiral_ here was done. One of this Pair sleeps till the crack of doom Where the great ocean-rollers plunge and boom: The other waits and wonders what his Friend, Dead now, and deaf, and silent, were the end Revealed to his rare spirit, would find to say If you, his lovers, loved him for this Play. IV. EPICEDIA TWO DAYS (_February_ 15--_September_ 28, 1894) _To_ V. G. That day we brought our Beautiful One to lie In the green peace within your gates, he came To give us greeting, boyish and kind and shy, And, stricken as we were, we blessed his name: Yet, like the Creature of Light that had been ours, Soon of the sweet Earth disinherited, He too must join, even with the Year's old flowers, The unanswering generations of the Dead. So stand we friends for you, who stood our friend Through him that day; for now through him you know That though where love was, love is till the end, Love, turned of death to longing, like a foe, Strikes: when the ruined heart goes forth to crave Mercy of the high, austere, unpitying Grave. IN MEMORIAM THOMAS EDWARD BROWN (_Ob. October_ 30, 1897) He looked half-parson and half-skipper: a quaint, Beautiful blend, with blue eyes good to see, And old-world whiskers. You found him cynic, saint, Salt, humourist, Christian, poet; with a free, Far-glancing, luminous utterance; and a heart Large as _ST. FRANCIS'S_: withal a brain Stored with experience, letters, fancy, art, And scored with runes of human joy and pain. Till six-and-sixty years he used his gift, His gift unparalleled, of laughter and tears, And left the world a high-piled, golden drift Of verse: to grow more golden with the years, Till the Great Silence fallen upon his ways Break into song, and he that had Love have Praise. IN MEMORIAM GEORGE WARRINGTON STEEVENS _London_, _December_ 10, 1869. _Ladysmith_, _January_ 15, 1900. We cheered you forth--brilliant and kind and brave. Under your country's triumphing flag you fell. It floats, true Heart, over no dearer grave-- Brave and brilliant and kind, hail and farewell! LAST POST The day's high work is over and done, And these no more will need the sun: Blow, you bugles of _ENGLAND_, blow! These are gone whither all must go, Mightily gone from the field they won. So in the workaday wear of battle, Touched to glory with _GOD'S_ own red, Bear we our chosen to their bed. Settle them lovingly where they fell, In that good lap they loved so well; And, their deliveries to the dear _LORD_ said, And the last desperate volleys ranged and sped, Blow, you bugles of _ENGLAND_, blow Over the camps of her beaten foe-- Blow glory and pity to the victor Mother, Sad, O, sad in her sacrificial dead! Labour, and love, and strife, and mirth, They gave their part in this goodly Earth-- Blow, you bugles of _ENGLAND_, blow!-- That her Name as a sun among stars might glow, Till the dusk of Time, with honour and worth: That, stung by the lust and the pain of battle, The One Race ever might starkly spread, And the One Flag eagle it overhead! In a rapture of wrath and faith and pride, Thus they felt it, and thus they died; So to the Maker of homes, to the Giver of bread, For whose dear sake their triumphing souls they shed, Blow, you bugles of _ENGLAND_, blow, Though you break the heart of her beaten foe, Glory and praise to the everlasting Mother, Glory and peace to her lovely and faithful dead! IN MEMORIAM REGINAE DILECTISSIMAE VICTORIAE (_May_ 24, 1819--_January_ 22, 1901) _Sceptre and orb and crown_, _High ensigns of a sovranty containing_ _The beauty and strength and state of half a World_, _Pass from her_, _and she fades_ _Into the old_, _inviolable peace_. I She had been ours so long She seemed a piece of _ENGLAND_: spirit and blood And message _ENGLAND'S_ self, Home-coloured, _ENGLAND_ in look and deed and dream; Like the rich meadows and woods, the serene rivers, And sea-charmed cliffs and beaches, that still bring A rush of tender pride to the heart That beats in _ENGLAND'S_ airs to _ENGLAND'S_ ends: August, familiar, irremovable, Like the good stars that shine In the good skies that only _ENGLAND_ knows: So that we held it sure _GOD'S_ aim, _GOD'S_ will, _GOD'S_ way, When Empire from her footstool, realm on realm, Spread, even as from her notable womb Sprang line on line of Kings; For she was _ENGLAND_--_ENGLAND_ and our Queen. II O, she was ours! And she had aimed And known and done the best And highest in time: greatly rejoiced, Ruled greatly, greatly endured. Love had been hers, And widowhood, glory and grief, increase In wisdom and power and pride, Dominion, honour, children, reverence: So that, in peace and war Innumerably victorious, she lay down To die in a world renewed, Cleared, in her luminous umbrage beautified For Man, and changing fast Into so gracious an inheritance As Man had never dared Imagine. Think, when she passed, Think what a pageant of immortal acts, Done in the unapproachable face Of Time by the high, transcending human mind, Shone and acclaimed And triumphed in her advent! Think of the ghosts, Think of the mighty ghosts: soldiers and priests, Artists and captains of discovery, _GOD'S_ chosen, His adventurers up the heights Of thought and deed--how many of them that led The forlorn hopes of the World!-- Her peers and servants, made the air Of her death-chamber glorious! Think how they thronged About her bed, and with what pride They took this sister-ghost Tenderly into the night! O, think-- And, thinking, bow the head In sorrow, but in the reverence that makes The strong man stronger--this true maid, True wife, true mother, tried and found An hundred times true steel, This unforgettable woman was your Queen! III Tears for her--tears! Tears and the mighty rites Of an everlasting and immense farewell, _ENGLAND_, green heart of the world, and you, Dear demi-_ENGLANDS_, far-away isles of home, Where the old speech is native, and the old flag Floats, and the old irresistible call, The watch-word of so many ages of years, Makes men in love With toil for the race, and pain, and peril, and death! Tears, and the dread, tremendous dirge Of her brooding battleships, and hosts Processional, with trailing arms; the plaint-- Measured, enormous, terrible--of her guns; The slow, heart-breaking throb Of bells; the trouble of drums; the blare Of mourning trumpets; the discomforting pomp Of silent crowds, black streets, and banners-royal Obsequious! Then, these high things done, Rise, heartened of your passion! Rise to the height Of her so lofty life! Kneel, if you must; But, kneeling, win to those great altitudes On which she sought and did Her clear, supernal errand unperturbed! Let the new memory Be as the old, long love! So, when the hour Strikes, as it must, for valour of heart, Virtue, and patience, and unblenching hope, And the inflexible resolve That, come the World in arms, This breeder of nations, _ENGLAND_, keeping the seas Hers as from _GOD_, shall in the sight of _GOD_ Stand justified of herself Wherever her unretreating bugles blow! Remember that she lived That this magnificent Power might still perdure-- Your friend, your passionate servant, counsellor, Queen. IV Be that your chief of mourning--that!-- _ENGLAND_, O Mother, and you, The daughter Kingdoms born and reared Of _ENGLAND'S_ travail and sweet blood; And never will you lands, The live Earth over and round, Wherethrough for sixty royal and radiant years Her drum-tap made the dawns English--Never will you So fittingly and well have paid your debt Of grief and gratitude to the souls That sink in _ENGLAND'S_ harness into the dream: 'I die for _ENGLAND'S_ sake, and it is well': As now to this valiant, wonderful piece of earth, To which the assembling nations bare the head, And bend the knee, In absolute veneration--once your Queen. _Sceptre and orb and crown_, _High ensigns of a sovranty empaling_ _The glory and love and praise of a whole half-world_, _Fall from her_, _and_, _preceding_, _she departs_ _Into the old_, _indissoluble Peace_. EPILOGUE Into a land Storm-wrought, a place of quakes, all thunder-scarred, Helpless, degraded, desolate, Peace, the White Angel, comes. Her eyes are as a mother's. Her good hands Are comforting, and helping; and her voice Falls on the heart, as, after Winter, Spring Falls on the World, and there is no more pain. And, in her influence, hope returns, and life, And the passion of endeavour: so that, soon, The idle ports are insolent with keels; The stithies roar, and the mills thrum With energy and achievement; weald and wold Exult; the cottage-garden teems With innocent hues and odours; boy and girl Mate prosperously; there are sweet women to kiss; There are good women to breed. In a golden fog, A large, full-stomached faith in kindliness All over the world, the nation, in a dream Of money and love and sport, hangs at the paps Of well-being, and so Goes fattening, mellowing, dozing, rotting down Into a rich deliquium of decay. Then, if the Gods be good, Then, if the Gods be other than mischievous, Down from their footstools, down With a million-throated shouting, swoops and storms War, the Red Angel, the Awakener, The Shaker of Souls and Thrones; and at her heel Trail grief, and ruin, and shame! The woman weeps her man, the mother her son, The tenderling its father. In wild hours, A people, haggard with defeat, Asks if there be a God; yet sets its teeth, Faces calamity, and goes into the fire Another than it was. And in wild hours A people, roaring ripe With victory, rises, menaces, stands renewed, Sheds its old piddling aims, Approves its virtue, puts behind itself The comfortable dream, and goes, Armoured and militant, New-pithed, new-souled, new-visioned, up the steeps To those great altitudes, whereat the weak Live not. But only the strong Have leave to strive, and suffer, and achieve. WORTHING, 1901. Printed by T. and A. CONSTABLE, (late) Printers to Her Majesty at the Edinburgh University Press Footnotes: {63} _At two years old_, _my child_, _being chidden_, _found this striking phrase_.--_W. E. H._ {79} Wilfrid Blunt. --- Provided by LoyalBooks.com ---