First Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1879-1880, Government Printing Office 1881   By: Various

of the

BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY

to the

Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution

1879 '80

by

J. W. POWELL Director

[Illustration]

WASHINGTON Government Printing Office 1881

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Bureau of Ethnology, Washington, D.C., July, 1880.

Prof. SPENCER F. BAIRD, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution , Washington, D.C. :

SIR: I have the honor to transmit herewith the first annual report of the operations of the Bureau of Ethnology.

By act of Congress, an appropriation was made to continue researches in North American anthropology, the general direction of which was confided to yourself. As chief executive officer of the Smithsonian Institution, you entrusted to me the immediate control of the affairs of the Bureau. This report, with its appended papers, is designed to exhibit the methods and results of my administration of this trust.

If any measure of success has been attained, it is largely due to general instructions received from yourself and the advice you have ever patiently given me on all matters of importance.

I am indebted to my assistants, whose labors are delineated in the report, for their industry; hearty co operation, and enthusiastic love of the science. Only through their zeal have your plans been executed.

Much assistance has been rendered the Bureau by a large body of scientific men engaged in the study of anthropology, some of whose names have been mentioned in the report and accompanying papers, and others will be put on record when the subject matter of their writings is fully published.

I am, with respect, your obedient servant,

J. W. POWELL.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. Page.

Introductory xi Bibliography of North American philology, by J. C. Pilling xv Linguistic and other anthropologic researches, by J. O. Dorsey xvii Linguistic researches, by S. R. Riggs xviii Linguistic and general researches among the Klamath Indians, by A. S. Gatschet xix Studies among the Iroquois, by Mrs. E. A. Smith xxii Work by Prof. Otis T. Mason xxii The study of gesture speech, by Brevet Lieut. Col. Garrick Mallery xxiii Studies on Central American picture writing, by Prof. E. S. Holden xxv The study of mortuary customs, by Dr. H. C. Yarrow xxvi Investigations relating to cessions of lands by Indian tribes to the United States, by C. C. Royce xxvii Explorations by Mr. James Stevenson xxx Researches among the Wintuns, by Prof. J. W. Powell xxxii The preparation of manuals for use in American research xxxii Linguistic classification of the North American tribes xxxiii

ACCOMPANYING PAPERS. Page.

ON THE EVOLUTION OF LANGUAGE, BY J. W. POWELL.

Process by combination 3 Process by vocalic mutation 5 Process by intonation 6 Process by placement 6 Differentiation of the parts of speech 8

SKETCH OF THE MYTHOLOGY OF THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS, BY J. W. POWELL.

The genesis of philosophy 19 Two grand stages of philosophy 21 Mythologic philosophy has four stages 29 Outgrowth from mythologic philosophy 33 The course of evolution in mythologic philosophy 38 Mythic tales 43 The C[)i]n aú äv Brothers discuss matters of importance to the Utes 44 Origin of the echo 45 The So´ kûs Wai´ ûn ats 47 Ta vwots has a fight with the sun 52