History of Egypt From 330 B.C. To the Present Time, Volume 11 (of 12)   By: Angelo S. Rappoport (1871-1950)

From 330 B.C. to the Present Time

By S. RAPPOPORT, Doctor of Philosophy, Basel; Member of the Ecole Langues Orientales, Paris; Russian, German, French Orientalist and Philologist

VOL. XI.

Containing over Twelve Hundred Colored Plates and Illustrations

THE GROLIER SOCIETY

PUBLISHERS, LONDON

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Dam at Aswan

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THE ROMAN, CHRISTIAN, AND ARABIC PERIODS

THE ROMAN ADMINISTRATION IN EGYPT THE RISE OF CHRISTIANITY THE ARIAN CONTROVERSY THE GROWTH OF MONASTICISM THE DECLINE OF ALEXANDRIA THE ARAB INVASION AND THE SPREAD OF MUHAMMEDANISM THE ARAB DYNASTIES.

Augustus remodels the government of Egypt A new calendar introduced Egypt surveyed Dissension between Jews and Greeks at Alexandria Strabo's visit The Egyptian religion at Rome Wise administration of Tiberius The rise of the Therapeutæ Lake Mæris destroyed The origin of Chemistry The fable of the Phoenix Christianity introduced Fiscal reforms under Galba Vespasian in Egypt Fall of Jerusalem The Nile Canal restored Hadrian's voyage up the Nile Death of Antinous Christians and Gnostics Astrology and Astronomy Roman roads in Egypt Commerce and Sports The Growth of Christianity Severus visits Egypt The massacre of the Alexandrians Ammonius Saccas and the Alexandrian Platonists The School of Origen Rise of Controversy Decline of Commerce Zenobia in Syria Growing importance of the Arabs Revolt and recapture of Alexandria Persecution of the Christians under Diocletian Introduction of the Manichean heresy.

Constantine the Great converted Privileges of the clergy Dogmatic disputes Council of Nicæa and the first Nicene Creed Athanasian and Arian controversies Founding of Constantinople Decline of Alexandria Imperial appointments in the Church Religious riots Triumphs of Athanasius Persecution by Bishop George of Cappadocia Early mission work Development of the monastic system Text of the Bible The monks and military service Saracenic encroachments Theodosius overthrows Paganism Destruction of the Great Library Pagan and Christian literature Story of Hypatia The Arabs defeat the Romans The Koptic New Testament Egypt separated from Rome The Council of Chalcedon Paganism restored in Upper Egypt The Henoticon The writings of Hierocles Relations with Persia Inroads of the Arabs Justinian's fiscal reforms Coinage restored The Persians enter Egypt. The Life of Muhammed Amr conquers Egypt The legend of Omar and the Great Library The founding of Fostât The Christians taxed Muhammedan oppression in Egypt The Ommayad and Abbasid dynasties Caliph Harun er Rashid Turkish bodyguards Rise of the Tulunite Dynasty Office of Prince of Princes Reign of Muhammed el Ikshid War with Byzantium Fatimite Caliphs The Ismailians and Mahdism Reign of Mustanssir Turkish Rapacity End of the Fatimite Rule.

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CHAPTER I EGYPT UNDER THE ROMAN EMPIRE

The Roman dominion on the Nile: Settlement of the Egyptian frontiers: Religious developments: Rebellions.

Augustus began his reign in Egypt in B.C. 30 by ordering all the statues of Antony, of which there were more than fifty ornamenting the various public buildings of the city, to be broken to pieces; and it is said he had the meanness to receive a bribe of one thousand talents from Archibus, a friend of Cleopatra, that the queen's statues might be left standing. It seems to have been part of his kingcraft to give the offices of greatest trust to men of low birth, who were at the same time well aware that they owed their employments to their seeming want of ambition. Thus the government of Egypt, the greatest and richest of the provinces, was given to Cornelius Gallus.